Strengthening Resilience by thinking of Knowledge as a nutrient connecting the local person to global thinking: The case of Social Technology/Tecnologia Social

In this chapter, we describe the Knowledge as a Nutrient framework that emerged from these conversations. We describe how it relates to the Tecnologia Social policy approach to sustainability, developed in Brazil (Dagnino et al. 2004, Fundação Banco do Brasil 2009, Costa 2013), which is not well known in the anglophone world. Tecnologia Social was both inspired by and rooted in Paulo Freire’s pedagogical thinking (2000, Klix 2014).   We show how this framework has the potential to increase community resilience and adaptive capacity, not only for communities that face and must adapt to climate change but for all communities in the throes of complex social, ecological, economic and political transitions.This research was supported by the International Development Research Centre, grant number IDRC GRANT NO. 106002-00

Alcohol-related public policies

The article is a review of studies on alcohol-related problems and public policies for consumption reduction addressing recent national and international scientific evidences. In this way, literature review was carried out on alcohol-related public policies through searches in MEDLINE, SCiELO and LILACS databases. Policies for alcohol consumption reduction have been implemented in different countries to minimize its effects on people's health and safety but only recently such strategies and interventions have been scientifically evaluated. It is discussed better cost-effectiveness policies for reducing harmful effects and socioeconomic costs associated with alcohol use through the development of strategies favoring changes in behavior and harmful consumption contexts that can be applicable to different communities.O artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre estudos dos problemas relacionados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e as estratégias para minimizá-los, abordando recentes evidências científicas. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa na literatura científica sobre políticas públicas relacionadas ao álcool, por meio das buscas nas bases MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Políticas que visam a diminuir o consumo de álcool têm sido implementadas pelos países para minimizar os efeitos dessa substância na saúde e segurança da população, mas só recentemente tais estratégias e intervenções foram avaliadas cientificamente. Discutem-se as políticas de melhor custo-efetividade, capazes de promover redução dos danos e dos custos socioeconômicos relacionados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de estratégias conducentes à mudança de comportamentos e contextos de consumo prejudiciais aplicáveis em diferentes comunidades.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasSciEL

Prevalence of drinking and driving in a city of Southeastern Brazil

Problems due to alcohol use among drivers have been assessed worldwide and studies indicate high morbidity and mortality rates related to drinking and driving. There are few national studies about this subject. Thus, this study was conducted aiming at estimating the prevalence of drinking and driving and testing the acceptability of passive and active breathalyzers. A total of 908 drivers were tested in the main streets of a city in the state of São Paulo, from February 2005 to March 2006. The methodology adopted was sobriety checkpoints. In 23.7% of the drivers some level of alcohol was found in the exhaled air; in 19.4% alcohol level was equal to or higher than the legal limit. The passive breathalyzer was reliable and presented results comparable to the active one. These findings were six times higher than those found in similar surveys carried out in other countries, indicating the relevance of this problem. Specific public policies to fight the problem and more national studies are needed.Problemas decorrentes do consumo de álcool em motoristas têm sido amplamente estudados no mundo e indicam elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade relacionadas à bebida e direção. Existem poucos estudos nacionais a respeito. Assim, realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência do uso de álcool por motoristas conduzindo veículos e testar a aceitabilidade dos bafômetros ativos e passivos. Foram avaliados 908 motoristas nas principais vias de trânsito de Diadema, estado de São Paulo, de fevereiro de 2005 a março de 2006. A metodologia adotada foi do tipo pontos de fiscalização de sobriedade. Em 23,7% dos motoristas foi encontrado algum traço de álcool no ar expirado; 19,4% estavam com níveis de álcool iguais ou acima dos limites permitidos pela legislação. O bafômetro passivo mostrou-se confiável e com resultados comparáveis aos do ativo. Esses achados foram seis vezes superiores aos encontrados internacionalmente, sugerindo a relevância desse problema. São necessárias políticas específicas para combater esse problema, além de outras pesquisas em âmbito nacional.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasSciEL

Correlation between parity and concentration of immunoglobulins A, G and M in human colostrum

Objective: To study the relationship between parity andimmunoglobulin concentrations in human colostrum. Methods:82 puerperas aged 21-41 years were selected, with gestationalage ≥ 37 weeks, up to the fourth parity, good nutritional status andno gestational or puerperal diseases. The inclusion criteria for thenewborn were: weight > 2,500 g, Apgar score > 7 in the firstminute and exclusive maternal breastfeeding until discharge fromthe nursery. The mothers were divided into 2 groups: A -primiparous, B - multiparous. Colostrum was collected manuallyfrom 48 to 72 hours after delivery and the immunoglobulins weremeasured by ELISA technique. Results: No differences wereobserved regarding timing to collect colostrum; the earliercolostrum was collected, the higher the concentration of immunoglobulinA; primiparous women showed higher concentrations of IgA andIgM in their colostrum than multiparous women; there were nodifferences regarding IgG concentrations in the two groups.Conclusion: Primiparous women presented higher concentrationsof IgA and IgM in their colostrum than multiparous women

The Impact of Prohibition on drinking and driving in Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais

The scope of this paper is to present comparative data on drinking and driving behavior among drivers in Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais, in the period from 2005 to 2009, evaluating the impact of Law No. 11.705 (Prohibition), dated June 6, 2008. Data regarding prevalence of this behavior, collected at Sobriety Checkpoints (internationally used methodology) were analyzed using representative samples obtained from drivers on different public roads with intensive traffic in Belo Horizonte (2005-2009), thus permitting analysis of the impact of the new law. In 2008, the data showed a reduction of approximately 50% in the prevalence of individuals driving with any level of alcohol in the blood, when compared to 2007, after the change in legislation. This study showed that the impact caused by Law No.11.705 was marked in the sense of modifying the behavior under scrutiny. However, other control measures need to be added to the current legislation, in order to obtain a continuous reduction of drinking and driving behavior, thereby fostering a culture of sobriety on the road.O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar dados, de estudo comparativo, sobre a conduta de beber e dirigir na cidade de Belo Horizonte, no período de 2005 a 2009, avaliando o impacto da Lei 11.705, a Lei Seca, de 20 de junho de 2008. Para tanto, dados de prevalência desta conduta, coletados em postos de fiscalização da sobriedade (Sobriety Checkpoints) - metodologia internacionalmente utilizada -, foram analisados a partir de amostras representativas de motoristas abordados em vias públicas de tráfego intenso dessa capital, permitindo a avaliação do impacto da nova Lei. Os resultados da análise destes dados apontaram para uma redução de cerca de 50% na prevalência de condutores dirigindo com algum nível de álcool no sangue, em 2008, quando comparados a 2007, o que coincide com a mudança na legislação. O estudo permitiu determinar que o impacto da Lei 11.705/2008 foi bastante expressivo, no sentido de modificar a conduta estudada. Entretanto, outras medidas de controle devem somar-se à mudança na legislação, para que seja buscada uma contínua redução na incidência do beber e dirigir, favorecendo, assim, uma cultura de sobriedade no trânsito.Associação Brasileira Comunitária para Prevenção do Abuso de DrogasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSciEL

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Stimulate Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Activity in Dental Pulp Cells

Introduction The growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are protective to dental pulp cells in culture against the toxicity of the composite materials Durafill VS and Flow Line (Henry Schein Inc, New York, NY). Because the toxicity of these materials is mediated by oxidative stress, it seemed possible that the protective effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β were through the enhancement of an endogenous antioxidant mechanism. Methods We used cultured dental pulp cells to determine the mechanism of the protective effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β, focusing on the glutathione system and the role of cystine/glutamate exchange (system xc-). Results We found that the toxicity of Durafill VS and Flow Line was attenuated by the addition of glutathione monoethylester, suggesting a specific role for the cellular antioxidant glutathione. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that IGF-1 and TGF-β were protective against the toxicity of the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine. Because levels of cellular cystine are the limiting factor in the production of glutathione, we tested the effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β on cystine uptake. Both growth factors stimulated system xc–mediated cystine uptake. Furthermore, they attenuated the glutathione depletion induced by Durafill VS and Flow Line. Conclusions The results suggest that IGF-1 and TGF-β are protective through the stimulation of system xc–mediated cystine uptake, leading to maintenance of cellular glutathione. This novel action of growth factors on dental pulp cells has implications not only for preventing toxicity of dental materials but also for the general function of these cells

Drinking-and-driving prevalence in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Problems resulting from alcohol consumption by drivers have been studied worldwide, and epidemiological research points to high injury and death rates related to drinking-and-driving. However, equivalent data are limited in Brazil. in this study, 913 drivers were stopped on public roads with heavy traffic and high concentrations of bars, restaurants, and nightclubs in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, and asked to answer a questionnaire and submit to an active breathalyzer test. the study was done in December 2005 and December 2006. the study adopted the internationally accepted sobriety checkpoint method. in the sample, 38.0% of drivers showed some trace of alcohol in their exhaled air, and 19.6% were at or above the legal limit (0.6g/l). These figures were five times those found in similar surveys in other countries. the findings suggest a critical drinking-and-driving problem in Belo Horizonte (and probably elsewhere in Brazil) and the need for on-going research, the development of specific public policies to deal with the problem, and effective enforcement of the existing law.Secretaria Desenvolvimento Social & Esportes, Subsecretaria Antidrogas de Minas Gerais, BR-30140090 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUnidade Pesquisa Alcool & Drogas, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

TGF-β1 on induced osteogenic differentiation of human dermal fibroblast

PURPOSE:To evaluate the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on the induced osteogenic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts.METHODS:We performed four groups with cultured dermal fibroblasts according to the culture medium: CONTROL (DMEM culture medium); TGF-β1 (DMEM culture medium with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1); OSTEOG (DMEM culture medium with 0.5 µg/ml of ascorbic acid, 10 mmol/l of β-glycerophosphate and 10 nmol/L of dexamethasone); and OSTEOG/TGF-β1 (osteogenic medium with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of osteocalcin (OC) in the supernatant, as well as the capability to form calcium phosphate deposits, were analysed for 28 dayRESULTS:There were significant differences (p<0.05) between CONTROL and TGF-β1 groups in comparison with OSTEOG and OSTEOG/TGF-β1 groups in the ALP activity and OC amount. Although, both osteogenic groups had the same behavior with regard the expression curve during the experimental time, the OSTEOG/TGF-β1 group achieved significantly higher ALP and OC levels and showed no significant difference in the levels of mineralized deposits and in comparison with the levels found in the OSTEOG group.CONCLUSION:The addition of transforming growth factor beta 1 to the osteogenic culture medium increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the amount of osteocalcin, but TGF-β1 did not alter the presence of mineralized calcium phosphate deposits.Federal University of São Paulo Department of SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgerySciEL

Osteoinductive effects of preoperative dexamethasone in human dental pulp stem cells primary culture

Aim: The use of dexamethasone (DEX) in mesenchymal cell culture induces osteoblastic differentiation and, consequently, formation of mineralized tissues. Tissue engineering proposes the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at structural and functional regeneration of biological tissues. In this sense, cell characterization in vitro is critical to ensure the development of such techniques. Our objective was to evaluate the osteoinductive effect of DEX administered as a preoperative medication in primary cell culture of human dental pulp stem cell. Methodology: Cells from the third molar pulp were divided into two experimental groups, each with two preoperative medication protocols used in dental practice and differentiated by the intake of DEX in one of them. The assessment of proliferation, differentiation and viability through trypan blue, methylthiazol tetrazolium, and von Kossa and alizarin red assays, respectively, were held within fixed intervals: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Conclusion: This study has shown that DEX may influence in vitro human dental pulp stem cell behavior. Lay abstract: Dexamethasone (DEX) is often used as a preoperative drug in dental surgeries because it reduces pain and has favorable effects on other symptoms caused by the surgery. Additionally, when used in cell culture, its osteoinductor effect is observed. In vitro cell characterization is critical to ensure the development of therapeutic strategies used in tissue engineering. In this sense, this study used two preoperative medication protocols regularly used in dental practice. In Protocol A, patients did not intake DEXin Protocol B, patients took in tablets of DEX. It was possible to assess in vitro behavior of human dental pulp stem cells by applying those protocols.UNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CTCMol, Ctr Cellular & Mol Therapy, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Translat Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilBIOFABRIS, Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Biofabricat Inst, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Ipiranga, Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Dept, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CTCMol, Ctr Cellular & Mol Therapy, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Translat Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

PARÂMETROS PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO ESTÉTICA DO GOSTO

Esse texto apresenta algumas análises resultantes da pesquisa de doutoramento finalizada em 2016, que buscou identificar, na confluência dos campos educativo e artístico e tendo os documentos curriculares de arte como objeto de estudos, como a afirmação estética do gosto se estabelece no contexto da educação formal e não formal. No recorte aqui apresentado, tomando como fontes os documentos curriculares (nacionais e locais) de Arte: Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Fundamental, séries iniciais (1ª a 4ª séries) e séries finais (5ª a 8ª séries) do Ensino Fundamental, publicados respectivamente, em 1997 e 1998; e o Referencial Curricular da Educação Básica (Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio), publicado em 2007 pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul; e o Referencial Curricular do Ensino Fundamental (1º ao 9º ano), publicado em 2008 pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, de Campo Grande; buscamos detectar como a ordenação do conhecimento artístico/estético atua na configuração do gosto educado. Tal formulação nos possibilita perceber os documentos curriculares, que materializam esse conhecimento, como mecanismos legitimados e legitimadores na/para elaboração de significados/sentidos do gosto