Strengthening Resilience by thinking of Knowledge as a nutrient connecting the local person to global thinking: The case of Social Technology/Tecnologia Social

In this chapter, we describe the Knowledge as a Nutrient framework that emerged from these conversations. We describe how it relates to the Tecnologia Social policy approach to sustainability, developed in Brazil (Dagnino et al. 2004, Fundação Banco do Brasil 2009, Costa 2013), which is not well known in the anglophone world. Tecnologia Social was both inspired by and rooted in Paulo Freire’s pedagogical thinking (2000, Klix 2014).   We show how this framework has the potential to increase community resilience and adaptive capacity, not only for communities that face and must adapt to climate change but for all communities in the throes of complex social, ecological, economic and political transitions.This research was supported by the International Development Research Centre, grant number IDRC GRANT NO. 106002-00

Alcohol-related public policies

The article is a review of studies on alcohol-related problems and public policies for consumption reduction addressing recent national and international scientific evidences. In this way, literature review was carried out on alcohol-related public policies through searches in MEDLINE, SCiELO and LILACS databases. Policies for alcohol consumption reduction have been implemented in different countries to minimize its effects on people's health and safety but only recently such strategies and interventions have been scientifically evaluated. It is discussed better cost-effectiveness policies for reducing harmful effects and socioeconomic costs associated with alcohol use through the development of strategies favoring changes in behavior and harmful consumption contexts that can be applicable to different communities.O artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre estudos dos problemas relacionados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e as estratégias para minimizá-los, abordando recentes evidências científicas. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa na literatura científica sobre políticas públicas relacionadas ao álcool, por meio das buscas nas bases MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Políticas que visam a diminuir o consumo de álcool têm sido implementadas pelos países para minimizar os efeitos dessa substância na saúde e segurança da população, mas só recentemente tais estratégias e intervenções foram avaliadas cientificamente. Discutem-se as políticas de melhor custo-efetividade, capazes de promover redução dos danos e dos custos socioeconômicos relacionados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de estratégias conducentes à mudança de comportamentos e contextos de consumo prejudiciais aplicáveis em diferentes comunidades.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasSciEL

Prevalence of drinking and driving in a city of Southeastern Brazil

Problems due to alcohol use among drivers have been assessed worldwide and studies indicate high morbidity and mortality rates related to drinking and driving. There are few national studies about this subject. Thus, this study was conducted aiming at estimating the prevalence of drinking and driving and testing the acceptability of passive and active breathalyzers. A total of 908 drivers were tested in the main streets of a city in the state of São Paulo, from February 2005 to March 2006. The methodology adopted was sobriety checkpoints. In 23.7% of the drivers some level of alcohol was found in the exhaled air; in 19.4% alcohol level was equal to or higher than the legal limit. The passive breathalyzer was reliable and presented results comparable to the active one. These findings were six times higher than those found in similar surveys carried out in other countries, indicating the relevance of this problem. Specific public policies to fight the problem and more national studies are needed.Problemas decorrentes do consumo de álcool em motoristas têm sido amplamente estudados no mundo e indicam elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade relacionadas à bebida e direção. Existem poucos estudos nacionais a respeito. Assim, realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência do uso de álcool por motoristas conduzindo veículos e testar a aceitabilidade dos bafômetros ativos e passivos. Foram avaliados 908 motoristas nas principais vias de trânsito de Diadema, estado de São Paulo, de fevereiro de 2005 a março de 2006. A metodologia adotada foi do tipo pontos de fiscalização de sobriedade. Em 23,7% dos motoristas foi encontrado algum traço de álcool no ar expirado; 19,4% estavam com níveis de álcool iguais ou acima dos limites permitidos pela legislação. O bafômetro passivo mostrou-se confiável e com resultados comparáveis aos do ativo. Esses achados foram seis vezes superiores aos encontrados internacionalmente, sugerindo a relevância desse problema. São necessárias políticas específicas para combater esse problema, além de outras pesquisas em âmbito nacional.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e outras DrogasSciEL

Osteoinductive effects of preoperative dexamethasone in human dental pulp stem cells primary culture

Aim: The use of dexamethasone (DEX) in mesenchymal cell culture induces osteoblastic differentiation and, consequently, formation of mineralized tissues. Tissue engineering proposes the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at structural and functional regeneration of biological tissues. In this sense, cell characterization in vitro is critical to ensure the development of such techniques. Our objective was to evaluate the osteoinductive effect of DEX administered as a preoperative medication in primary cell culture of human dental pulp stem cell. Methodology: Cells from the third molar pulp were divided into two experimental groups, each with two preoperative medication protocols used in dental practice and differentiated by the intake of DEX in one of them. The assessment of proliferation, differentiation and viability through trypan blue, methylthiazol tetrazolium, and von Kossa and alizarin red assays, respectively, were held within fixed intervals: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Conclusion: This study has shown that DEX may influence in vitro human dental pulp stem cell behavior. Lay abstract: Dexamethasone (DEX) is often used as a preoperative drug in dental surgeries because it reduces pain and has favorable effects on other symptoms caused by the surgery. Additionally, when used in cell culture, its osteoinductor effect is observed. In vitro cell characterization is critical to ensure the development of therapeutic strategies used in tissue engineering. In this sense, this study used two preoperative medication protocols regularly used in dental practice. In Protocol A, patients did not intake DEXin Protocol B, patients took in tablets of DEX. It was possible to assess in vitro behavior of human dental pulp stem cells by applying those protocols.UNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CTCMol, Ctr Cellular & Mol Therapy, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Translat Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilBIOFABRIS, Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Biofabricat Inst, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Ipiranga, Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Dept, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CTCMol, Ctr Cellular & Mol Therapy, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP Univ Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Translat Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Correlation between parity and concentration of immunoglobulins A, G and M in human colostrum

Objective: To study the relationship between parity andimmunoglobulin concentrations in human colostrum. Methods:82 puerperas aged 21-41 years were selected, with gestationalage ≥ 37 weeks, up to the fourth parity, good nutritional status andno gestational or puerperal diseases. The inclusion criteria for thenewborn were: weight > 2,500 g, Apgar score > 7 in the firstminute and exclusive maternal breastfeeding until discharge fromthe nursery. The mothers were divided into 2 groups: A -primiparous, B - multiparous. Colostrum was collected manuallyfrom 48 to 72 hours after delivery and the immunoglobulins weremeasured by ELISA technique. Results: No differences wereobserved regarding timing to collect colostrum; the earliercolostrum was collected, the higher the concentration of immunoglobulinA; primiparous women showed higher concentrations of IgA andIgM in their colostrum than multiparous women; there were nodifferences regarding IgG concentrations in the two groups.Conclusion: Primiparous women presented higher concentrationsof IgA and IgM in their colostrum than multiparous women

Arte e educação estética do gosto:: a beleza enquanto necessidade cultural?

This text presents some analyses resulting from the doctoral research finalized in 2016, which sought to identify, in the confluence of the educational and artistic fields and having the curricular documents of art as object of studies, as the aesthetic affirmation of taste is established in the context of formal and non-formal education. In the cutout presented here, we incursion the concept of beautiful/beauty, analyzing the process of aesthetic education of taste, understanding that the mastery of the reading codes of the image contributes to the approximation and appropriation of knowledge established in the artistic field. For this exercise, we resorting to the definition of beauty as a cultural phenomenon dependent on the social space in which it is inserted, having adopted, as a reference, the aesthetic pattern of beautiful and some reflections on the constitution of cultural erudition as an element significant in the elaboration of proposals for the education of individual taste legitimized by practices established by the art system.Esse texto apresenta algumas análises resultantes da pesquisa de doutoramento finalizada em 2016, que buscou identificar, na confluência dos campos educativo e artístico e tendo os documentos curriculares de arte como objeto de estudos, como a afirmação estética do gosto se estabelece no contexto da educação formal e não formal. No recorte aqui apresentado, incursionamos sobre o conceito de belo/beleza, analisando o processo da educação estética do gosto, entendendo que o domínio dos códigos de leitura da imagem contribui para a aproximação e a apropriação dos conhecimentos estabelecidos no campo artístico. Para tal exercício, recorremos à definição de beleza como fenômeno cultural dependente do espaço social em que está inserido, tendo adotado, como referência, o padrão estético de belo e algumas reflexões sobre a constituição de erudição cultural como elemento significativo na elaboração de propostas para a educação do gosto individual legitimado por práticas estabelecidas pelo sistema da arte

Políticas públicas relacionadas às bebidas alcoólicas

The article is a review of studies on alcohol-related problems and public policies for consumption reduction addressing recent national and international scientific evidences. In this way, literature review was carried out on alcohol-related public policies through searches in MEDLINE, SCiELO and LILACS databases. Policies for alcohol consumption reduction have been implemented in different countries to minimize its effects on people's health and safety but only recently such strategies and interventions have been scientifically evaluated. It is discussed better cost-effectiveness policies for reducing harmful effects and socioeconomic costs associated with alcohol use through the development of strategies favoring changes in behavior and harmful consumption contexts that can be applicable to different communities.O artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre estudos dos problemas relacionados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e as estratégias para minimizá-los, abordando recentes evidências científicas. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa na literatura científica sobre políticas públicas relacionadas ao álcool, por meio das buscas nas bases MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Políticas que visam a diminuir o consumo de álcool têm sido implementadas pelos países para minimizar os efeitos dessa substância na saúde e segurança da população, mas só recentemente tais estratégias e intervenções foram avaliadas cientificamente. Discutem-se as políticas de melhor custo-efetividade, capazes de promover redução dos danos e dos custos socioeconômicos relacionados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de estratégias conducentes à mudança de comportamentos e contextos de consumo prejudiciais aplicáveis em diferentes comunidades

Strengthening Resilience by thinking of Knowledge as a Nutrient that connects the personal to global thinking

Poster presented at the Adaptation Futures Conference, the Third International Climate Change Adaptation Conference, Fortaleza Ceará, Brazil, May 12-16,2014. http://adaptationfutures2014.ccst.inpe.brPoster presented at the Adaptation Futures Conference, the Third International Climate Change Adaptation Conference, Fortaleza Ceará, Brazil, May 12-16,2014. http://adaptationfutures2014.ccst.inpe.br In April 2009, we held an international conference at York University, Toronto, Canada. Activists and academics who work with NGOs from the Global South and North came together to discuss adaptation to climate change. Most significantly, the Canadian perspective was entirely presented by First Nations and Inuit, which was and is highly unusual at conferences of this kind that are held in the south of Canada. This conference triggered and reinforced a cascade of diverse activities and research that has followed many intertwining pathways that diverged, crossed and reconnected over time. Several key factors have emerged from both the field experiences shared at the conference, and the related research, indicating that the adaptive capacity of disenfranchised peoples in Brazil, India, South Africa, Canada and beyond, is enhanced by diverse kinds of shared knowledge.York University & Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year for fundin

Drinking-and-driving prevalence in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Problems resulting from alcohol consumption by drivers have been studied worldwide, and epidemiological research points to high injury and death rates related to drinking-and-driving. However, equivalent data are limited in Brazil. in this study, 913 drivers were stopped on public roads with heavy traffic and high concentrations of bars, restaurants, and nightclubs in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, and asked to answer a questionnaire and submit to an active breathalyzer test. the study was done in December 2005 and December 2006. the study adopted the internationally accepted sobriety checkpoint method. in the sample, 38.0% of drivers showed some trace of alcohol in their exhaled air, and 19.6% were at or above the legal limit (0.6g/l). These figures were five times those found in similar surveys in other countries. the findings suggest a critical drinking-and-driving problem in Belo Horizonte (and probably elsewhere in Brazil) and the need for on-going research, the development of specific public policies to deal with the problem, and effective enforcement of the existing law.Secretaria Desenvolvimento Social & Esportes, Subsecretaria Antidrogas de Minas Gerais, BR-30140090 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUnidade Pesquisa Alcool & Drogas, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc