A Study on Green Economy Indicators and Modeling: Russian Context

This article aims to assess and forecast the dynamics of a regional green economy. The research relevance is determined by the need to develop theoretical and methodological basis of the green economy for the transition period and to identify criteria basis for assessing the state and regional level of it. The authors applied the modern methods, which allowed to model criteria considering data uncertainty and both static and dynamic criteria. The research process involved the methods of scientific analysis, comparison and synthesis, the theory of fuzzy sets, and fuzzy modeling. The main principles and methodology of the criteria evaluation for a regional green economy are proposed. The principal methodological approach in this research combines the current state and dynamics of the green economy in evaluating and forecasting the conditions of data uncertainty. The research results form a theoretical, methodological, and practical basis for assessing the current state and level of a regional green economy development, determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic programs, optimizing financial management, conducting environmental monitoring, and developing state plans.The research was funded by the grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to Perm National Research Polytechnic University # 26.6884.2017/8.9 "Sustainable development of urban areas and the improvement of the human environment.

A Study on Green Economy Indicators and Modeling: Russian Context

This article aims to assess and forecast the dynamics of a regional green economy. The research relevance is determined by the need to develop theoretical and methodological basis of the green economy for the transition period and to identify criteria basis for assessing the state and regional level of it. The authors applied the modern methods, which allowed to model criteria considering data uncertainty and both static and dynamic criteria. The research process involved the methods of scientific analysis, comparison and synthesis, the theory of fuzzy sets, and fuzzy modeling. The main principles and methodology of the criteria evaluation for a regional green economy are proposed. The principal methodological approach in this research combines the current state and dynamics of the green economy in evaluating and forecasting the conditions of data uncertainty. The research results form a theoretical, methodological, and practical basis for assessing the current state and level of a regional green economy development, determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic programs, optimizing financial management, conducting environmental monitoring, and developing state plans.The research was funded by the grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to Perm National Research Polytechnic University # 26.6884.2017/8.9 "Sustainable development of urban areas and the improvement of the human environment.

Enhacing the effectiveness of fixing dusty sufaes dumps

This article contains information about the harmful effects of open dumps Lebedinsky mining and processing plant on the environment and the results of the study a new method of dust control. Operation of the modem iron ore mining and processing enterprise raises difficult problem of removing and storing the tailings, as they constitute about 40-50% of the original oreye

From villains to victims: experiencing illness in Siberian exile

This essay presents the subjective experience of life and sickness for the punished in late Imperial Siberia, and the distinctions the punished made between legitimate and illegitimate forms of punishment. The essay also explores state policies towards the sick punished, and explores how different levels of the Tsarist administration and local Siberian society dealt with the challenge of sick and decrepit exiles. It argues that conditions in Siberian prisons were, in general, worse than those in European Russian prisons in the post-1906 period, and that the experience of exile in eastern Siberia placed it among the most difficult locations for exile. Though neither the state nor the punished regarded illness as an integral part of their punishment, the prevalence of illness and disease compounded the cruelty of sentences

Isomorphously Substituted [Fe,Al]ZSM-5 Catalysts for Methane Dehydroaromatization

Dehydroaromatization of methane (MDA) under non-oxidative conditions is a promising reaction for direct valorization of natural gas and biogas. Typically, Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts display low aromatic productivity and high coke selectivity in the MDA reaction. Herein, we show the benefit of starting from isomorphously substituted Fe-sites in [Fe,Al]ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis. Upon calcination, these samples contain predominantly isolated Fe3+ species, either atomically dispersed within the zeolite framework or anchored at exchange sites inside zeolite channels. In terms of the integral hydrocarbon productivity, [Fe,Al]ZSM-5 catalysts outperform Fe/ZSM-5, prepared by impregnation, as well as Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts with the same Si/Al ratio and molar metal loading. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry (XANES-MS) demonstrates that the initial tetrahedral Fe3+ within the zeolite framework or at exchange sites are transformed into octahedral extraframework Fe2+ active sites during the MDA reaction and form small Fe2O3 clusters during oxidative regeneration. Combining activity measurements and operando thermogravimetry shows that the duration of the induction period, related to the formation of active hydrocarbon pool intermediates, strongly depends on the Fe dispersion and loading and can be used as a suitable descriptor for the MDA activity of [Fe,Al]ZSM-5. The shorter induction period of [Fe,Al]ZSM-5 in comparison to impregnated Fe/ZSM-5 can be linked to the higher methane conversion rate over highly dispersed Fe-sites and faster formation of active hydrocarbon pool intermediates.</p

Role of strontium cations in ZSM-5 zeolite in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction

The selectivity of the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction can be tuned by modifying zeolite catalysts with alkaline earth metals, which typically increase propylene selectivity and catalyst stability. Here we employed Sr2+ as its higher atomic number in comparison to the zeolite T atoms facilitates characterization by scanning transmission electron microscopy and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sr2+ dispersed in the ZSM-5 micropores coordinates water, methanol, and dimethyl ether during the MTH reaction. Complementary characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry, operando infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction points to the retention of substantially more adsorbates during the MTH reaction in comparison to Sr-free zeolites. Our findings support the notion that alkaline earth metals modify the porous reaction environment such that the olefin cycle is favored over the aromatic cycle in the MTH, explaining the increased propylene yield and lower deactivation rate

Структура и физико-механические свойства гибридных композиций на основе ненасыщенной полиэфирной смолы и портландцемента

Strength and deformation properties of cured compositions based on unsaturated polyester resin and portlandcement were investigated in all range of concentrations. Optimal ratio of components which lead to high strength properties and high deformation ability was foundИсследованы прочностные и дефор- мационные свойства отвержден- ных композиций на основе ненасы- щенной полиэфирной смолы и портланд- цемента во всем диапазоне составов. Было определено оптимальное соотно- шение компонентов, при котором ком- позиционный материал обладает не только высокими прочностными свой- ствами, но и приобретает высокую де- формационную способность

Consideration of Electromagnetic Noise During Design of Inverter for Transportation Applications

One of the main goals in modern power electronics lies in the increase of power density. This trend is mostly provoked by the electrification in the transportation (electric/hybrid vehicles and aircraft). The increase of power density should be resolved keeping the other parameters of power converters such as cost and degree of complexity on the adequate level. Moreover, all environmental conditions should be also fulfilled regarding the application. The power converters were improved from the topology and control point of view since the invention of silicon (Si) insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) at the beginning of the '80s. However, the development and appearance on the market of the new power switches took the most attention of engineers in the last decade. Such semiconductor materials as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) introduce a new class of power switches with reduced switching and conduction losses. At the first view, it seems that it is possible to improve the existing power converters only by the replacement of the conventional Si power switches. It is often assumed that such a simple approach reduces the size of the cooling system and/or the size of the passive components due to the increased switching frequency. However, low switching losses are also associated with short commutation times (rise/fall times of voltages and currents) and with high voltage slew rate (du/dt). The increased switching frequency and high values of du/dt introduces new limitations in the design of power converters, which were underestimated or neglected in the power electronics based on the semiconductors with low commutation speed. Several problems of high-speed commutation can be indicated in the literature: high overvoltages and oscillations during the commutation due to the presence of stray inductance, influence on the isolation, the increased bearing currents in the electrical drives and additional problems of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The last problem can be crucial for the application of the new power switches because it can require the installation of additional filters. The additional EMI filters can lead to the decrease of the power density of the whole system including power converter itself and all passive components. This thesis discusses the problem of EMI generated by the inverter of an electrical drive in the transportation systems. The work considers the aerospace application, where power density plays the most important role, but the requirements for the EMI are very strict. The nature of the conducted noise in the AC drives is considered in the details. The thesis presents also the various methods applied for the reduction of emissions generated by the power converter. The research work considers the application of conventional EMI filters and different inverter design techniques (topology, modulation techniques and hardware). This research was carried out to build an approach for including the high-frequency EMI effects in the design stage of the inverter utilizing the appropriate simulation. Whereas the most existing research works are concentrated on the EMI filter design and its optimization, this work presents a new frequency domain model, which is capable to consider different noise reduction techniques in the AC drive including the EMI filters and the inverter design methods. Moreover, the most existing models do not take coupling between common mode and differential mode into account. However, it is shown theoretically and experimentally, that the mixed-mode (MM) noise can be observed in the system where EMI is measured according to the aerospace standards. The proposed frequency domain models can be used to analyse the MM noise. The model keeps the simple frequency domain behaviour with low computational effort that makes it suitable for the application in the optimization procedure. The prototype of an inverter based on SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) was built within the research work to implement the AC drive system for the EMI measurements. It is used to conduct the experimental investigation of different noise reduction techniques as well as to validate the developed model. The results show that the EMI in the AC drives has a very complex nature. The particular noise reduction techniques are efficient only under the certain conditions. The proposed model can be used to analyse these conditions