Aspherical gravitational monopoles

We show how to construct non-spherically-symmetric extended bodies of uniform density behaving exactly as pointlike masses. These ``gravitational monopoles'' have the following equivalent properties: (i) they generate, outside them, a spherically-symmetric gravitational potential $M/|x - x_O|$; (ii) their interaction energy with an external gravitational potential $U(x)$ is $- M U(x_O)$; and (iii) all their multipole moments (of order $l \geq 1$) with respect to their center of mass $O$ vanish identically. The method applies for any number of space dimensions. The free parameters entering the construction are: (1) an arbitrary surface $\Sigma$ bounding a connected open subset $\Omega$ of $R^3$; (2) the arbitrary choice of the center of mass $O$ within $\Omega$; and (3) the total volume of the body. An extension of the method allows one to construct homogeneous bodies which are gravitationally equivalent (in the sense of having exactly the same multipole moments) to any given body.Comment: 55 pages, Latex , submitted to Nucl.Phys.

Somatic rearrangements across cancer reveal classes of samples with distinct patterns of DNA breakage and rearrangement-induced hypermutability

Whole-genome sequencing using massively parallel sequencing technologies enables accurate detection of somatic rearrangements in cancer. Pinpointing large numbers of rearrangement breakpoints to base-pair resolution allows analysis of rearrangement microhomology and genomic location for every sample. Here we analyze 95 tumor genome sequences from breast, head and neck, colorectal, and prostate carcinomas, and from melanoma, multiple myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We discover three genomic factors that are significantly correlated with the distribution of rearrangements: replication time, transcription rate, and GC content. The correlation is complex, and different patterns are observed between tumor types, within tumor types, and even between different types of rearrangements. Mutations in the APC gene correlate with and, hence, potentially contribute to DNA breakage in late-replicating, low %GC, untranscribed regions of the genome. We show that somatic rearrangements display less microhomology than germline rearrangements, and that breakpoint loci are correlated with local hypermutability with a particular enrichment for C ↔ G transversions

The Application of Chitosan to Composite Boxboard for Plybond Development

The area of study during this research was the effect of the marine polymer chitosan addition rate on strength properties, and retention characteristics. Two machine trials were run on the WMU twin ply former using old corrugated container (O.C.C.). Machine run # 1 consisted of running a 1% chitosan solution at 0, 6, 16, 18#/ton. Run # 2 also used a 1% chitosan solution but lower addition rates of 0, 2, 5#/ton. The chitosan was added to the thick stock prior to the fan pump for both runs. No comparisons between the runs were made. Conclusions from both runs include: 1) strength exhibits a statistically sound increase with increasing addition rate (run #1 between 16 and 18#/ton appears to be the only exception where strength generally decreases), and 2) cross machine direction properties remain relatively unchanged regardless of addition level

Guidance and Learn and Serve Program Partnerships: A View Towards Integration for Classroom Delivery

The purpose of this monograph is to stimulate a dialogue between counselors, their guidance programs, and classroom teachers about how they might work together to design or continue to and implement community service-learning efforts. We first will raise a series of questions on service-learning and then tum to exploring how and where guidance programs fit into service learning outcomes and activities. As you review the questions on service learning, think of the ways in which you, in your role as counselor and guidance program manager, might become a more meaningful partner with classroom teachers. This monograph helps us to see many of the logical connections there are between the expected outcomes of service learning and guidance programs

Liebig’s Kaliapparat and the origins of scientific glassblowing

In the fall of 1830, a young chemist named Justus Liebig developed a new piece of apparatus for organic analysis called the Kaliapparat. The use of the Kaliapparat enabled Liebig to establish a reputation as one of Europe’s leading analytical chemists and ultimately assured his status as one of the nineteenth century’s greatest chemists. But the Kaliapparat changed much more than the course of Liebig’s career. As this essay explains, Liebig’s decision to produce the Kaliapparat by bending and blowing glass tubing radically changed the way that chemists do experimental work so much so that an image of this device was incorporated into the logo of the American Chemical Society. This transformation of chemical practice had profoundly important consequences. As chemists came to rely on hollow glassware, they sought skilled assistance in its manufacture. This is the origin of the scientific glassblower

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Biomarkers in the Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that includes several components which, individually and together, are steadily increasing in prevalence worldwide. These include obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. On the other hand, Alzheimer’s disease, one of the family of dementias, is considered a disease of the elderly, whose numbers are also increasing. However, it has been found that the presence of the components of metabolic syndrome in earlier life, especially middle age, increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, although it has recently been suggested that these components may begin the progression to dementia as early as adolescence. The full pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s and the mechanisms by which metabolic syndrome affects it are not fully understood to date. The present chapter examines the association between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease and the association between the components of metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer’s. The authors also represent the genetic involvement in this association, since various genes have been found to be common to both disorders

Some Early and Current Studies of Rural Churches.

The paper reviews about 25 major studies printed since 1920; and in turn; these refer to some 75 other studies about rural churches; their location; numbers; ministers; denominational arrangements; and supporting population per church on a county level. On the role of rural social science in Theological education; one study reports that the pastor is not only a man of God but a man of knowledge; not only in theological but in all fields of study. On the basis of these studies covering 50 years; the author states that while rural is by definition non-metropolitan; people everywhere since the 1960\u27s have received the same knowledge; entertainment; and news from metro TV. Therefore; the rural community no longer depends upon the church to furnish knowledge in all fields of study; but rural people continue to depend upon the church to provide their theology and man of God. (AUTHOR