273 research outputs found

    Confinement of the 0.5…4.5 keV plasma ions in low density discharges of the U-3M torsatron

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    Dependences of the charge exchange (CX) fluxes of neutral are investigated via neutral particle analyzers (NPA) in the U-3M torsatron. Fast (≀0.5 ms) decay of the vertical and tangential CX fluxes has been observed after turning off RF heating power. According to these measurements, the U-3M energy confinement time of the 0.5…4.5 keV ions is less than 0.5 ms in the low density (ne=(1…4)Β·10ΒΉΒ² cm⁻³) discharges. No difference between confinement of the ion energy component parallel to the magnetic field and confinement of the perpendicular to the magnetic field one was observed in U-3M. Evidently, an ion cooling through CX collisions with neutrals sustain the main channel of the 0.5…4.5 keV ion energy loss in the U-3M torsatron.Зависимости ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² пСрСзарядки ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… частиц Π² торсатронС Π£-3М. БыстроС (≀0.5 мс) врСмя спада Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² пСрСзарядки наблюдалось послС Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ мощности Π’Π§-Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°. Богласно этим измСрСниям врСмя удСрТания энСргии 0.5…4.5 кэВ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π£-3М мСньшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ 0.5 мс Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (ne=(1…4)Β·10ΒΉΒ² cm⁻³) разрядах. Π’ Π£-3М Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ пСрпСндикулярной ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ полю. По-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, остываниС ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² посрСдством Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² пСрСзарядки с Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ являСтся основным ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ энСргии 0.5…4.5 кэВ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² торсатронС Π£-3М.ЗалСТності ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»Ρ–Π² пСрСзарядки виміряні Π·Π° допомогою Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… частинок Ρƒ торсатроні Π£-3М. Π¨Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ (≀0.5 мс) час спаду Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ– Ρ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»Ρ–Π² пСрСзарядки спостСрігався після Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ потуТності Π’Π§-Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Ρ–Π²Ρƒ. Π—Π³Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π°ΠΌ час утримання Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ–Ρ— 0.5…4.5 ΠΊΠ΅Π’ Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π² Π£-3М мСнший, Π½Ρ–ΠΆ 0.5 мс Ρƒ розрядах Π· малою Π³ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡŽ (ne = (1…4)Β·10ΒΉΒ² cm⁻³). B Π£-3М Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ виявлСно Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ– ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ утриманням ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ— Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ–Ρ— ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π° пСрпСндикулярної ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Ρ–Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ полю. ΠœΠ°Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ охолодТСння Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π·Π° допомогою Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² пСрСзарядки Π· Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ” основним ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ–Ρ— 0.5…4.5 ΠΊΠ΅Π’ Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Ρƒ торсатроні Π£-3М

    Determination of poloidal mode numbers of MHD modes and their radial location using a soft x-ray camera array in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

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    A forward modeling technique is developed for determining the characteristic features of observed MHD modes from the line-of-sight data of the soft x-ray (SXR) tomography diagnostics in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. In particular, forward modeling is used to evaluate the poloidal mode numbers m, radial location, poloidal rotation direction and ballooning character of the MHD modes. The poloidal mode structures have been modeled by the radially localized Gaussian-shaped emission regions rotating along the magnetic surfaces. In the present study the cases of rigid-shape emission regions and flexible emission regions are modeled. Various mode phase velocity dependences on the magnetic surface position are simulated. The modeled phase dynamics of line-integrated oscillations and the distribution of oscillation amplitudes are compared with the experimental signals of the SXR cameras which observe the plasma at various viewing angles in the poloidal cross-section. Application of this technique enables describing of the 1–50 kHz modes. In particular, in the discharge W7X-PID 20180918.045 three identified branches with the poloidal mode numbers m= 8, m= 10 and m= 11 localized at ρ β‰ˆ 0.3 are rotating in the clockwise poloidal direction. The present paper reports the first application of the forward modeling technique to the data from the SXR diagnostics in W7-X. The high m-modes are identified by forward modeling in W7-X

    ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ лСкарствСнного обСспСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСвматичСских заболСваниях ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ этих Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    This article reviews data on the assessment of the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA, arthropathic psoriasis), as well as related disability and the economic burden of these nosological entities, including their therapy with biological agents. It considers the issues of organization and quality of medical care, drug supply, normative and legal regulation. The paper also shows the important epidemiological and socioeconomic importance of RA, AS, and PsA in Russia, points out the regional peculiarities of medical care and drug provision, and proposes solutions for their optimization at the federal and local levels. In preparing this investigation, the authors have taken into account the opinions of many specialists and experts in this field from different subjects of the Russian Federation.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ заболСваСмости Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ (РА), Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ спондилитом (АБ) ΠΈ псориатичСским Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ (ПсА, артропатичСский псориаз), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ связанных с этими заболСваниями ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ трудоспособности, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ экономичСского Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ биологичСскими ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ). РассмотрСны вопросы ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ качСства мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, лСкарствСнного обСспСчСния, Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования. Показано Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ эпидСмиологичСскоС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскоС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ РА, АБ ΠΈ ПсА Π² России, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ особСнности оказания мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ лСкарствСнного обСспСчСния ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ для ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ мСстном уровнях. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‹ мнСния ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… спСциалистов ΠΈ экспСртов Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ области ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Disease and treatment-related burden in patients with acromegaly who are biochemically controlled on injectable somatostatin receptor ligands

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    Medical treatment for acromegaly commonly involves receiving intramuscular or deep subcutaneous injections of somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) in most patients. In addition to side effects of treatment, acromegaly patients often still experience disease symptoms even when therapy is successful in controlling GH and IGF-1 levels. Symptoms and side effects can negatively impact patients' health-related quality of life. In this study, we examine the disease- and treatment-related burden associated with SRL injections as reported through the use of the Acromegaly Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (Acro-TSQ(C)) and clinician-reported symptom severity through the Acromegaly Index of Severity (AIS). Patients included in this analysis were enrolled in a randomized phase 3 study, were biochemically-controlled (an IGF-1 = 6 months with a stable dose of either long- acting octreotide or lanreotide monotherapy for >= 4 months. The sample (N = 91) was 65% female, 91% Caucasian, with a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of 53 (1) years. Two-thirds of patients reported that they still experience acromegaly symptoms; 82% of these said they experience symptoms all of the time. Three-fourths experienced gastrointestinal (GI) side effects after injections, and 77% experienced treatment-related injection site reactions (ISRs). Patients commonly reported that these interfered with their daily life, leisure, and work activities. Those with higher symptom severity, as measured by the AIS, scored significantly worse on several Acro-TSQ domains: Symptom Interference, GI Interference, Treatment Satisfaction, and Emotional Reaction. Despite being biochemically controlled with injectable SRLs, most patients reported experiencing acromegaly symptoms that interfere with daily life, leisure, and work. GI side effects and ISRs were also common. This study highlights the significant disease burden that still persists for patients with acromegaly that have achieved biochemical control with the use of injectable SRLs.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

    MPOWERED trial open-label extension: long-term efficacy and safety data for oral octreotide capsules in acromegaly

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    Context The MPOWERED core trial (NCT02685709) and open-label extension (OLE) phase investigated long-term efficacy and safety of oral octreotide capsules (OOC) in patients with acromegaly. Core trial primary endpoint data demonstrated noninferiority to injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRLs). Core trial completers were invited to participate in the OLE phase. Objective To assess long-term efficacy and safety of OOC in patients with acromegaly who previously responded to and tolerated both OOC and injectable octreotide/lanreotide and completed the core phase. Methods The unique study design of transitioning between OOC and iSRLs allowed within-patient evaluations. The proportion of biochemical responders (insulin-like growth factor I < 1.3 x upper limit of normal) at end of each extension year who entered that year as responders was the main outcome measure. Results At year 1 extension end, 52/58 patients from both the monotherapy and the combination therapy groups were responders (89.7%; 95% CI 78.8-96.1), 36/41 (87.8%; 95% CI 73.8-95.9) in year 2, and 29/31 (93.5%; 95% CI 78.6-99.2) in year 3. No new or unexpected safety signals were detected; 1 patient withdrew owing to treatment failure. Patients who transitioned from iSRLs in the core trial to OOC in the OLE phase reported improved treatment convenience/satisfaction and symptom control. Conclusion Patient-reported outcome data support for the first time that transitioning patients randomized to iSRL (who previously responded to both OOC and iSRLs) back to OOC had a significant effect on patients' symptoms score in a prospective cohort. The MPOWERED OLE showed long-term maintenance of response and sustained safety with OOC.Metabolic health: pathophysiological trajectories and therap

    Π˜ΡΠΊΡƒΡΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ для Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста пСрифСричСских Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС)

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    At present, the search for effective ways of restoring peripheral nerves with anatomical damage continues. Autoplasty still remains the gold standard, which, however, is not without its drawbacks. The use of nerve implants for promoting directional axon growth is essential and promising.Objective: to study the biomechanical properties of laboratory samples of an artificial nerve conduit (NGC) made of hybrid biomaterials and to, on cadaveric material, assess the technical feasibility of using them in surgical practice to repair extended peripheral nerve defects.Material and methods. The objects of the study were three electrospun NGC samples: from synthetic material (polycaprolactone, PCL) and hybrid biomaterials (PCL + gelatin or PCL + collagen). The work compared the physical and mechanical properties of NGC: stiffness, plasticity, elasticity, brittleness, resistance to chemical attack, their ability to be impregnated with liquid media, permeability, possibility of making an anastomosis between the implant and the nerve during surgical procedure. Cadaveric material was the object of the study: we used a dissected superficial sensory branch of the human right radial nerve, 2 mm in diameter, isolated on the forearm, about 12 cm in length, because it most corresponded to the diameter of the NGC samples tested. After surgery, the echogenic features of the implants and their anastomoses with the nerve were assessed by ultrasound imaging.Results. It was found that hybrid NGC samples, based on their biomechanical properties, are fundamentally suitable for use in surgical practice, to ensure growth and replacement of a peripheral nerve defect. However, the best composition of a nerve guide can be established after comparative preclinical study of the biocompatible and functional properties of hybrid material samples.Conclusion. The physical and mechanical properties of the investigated NGC samples made of hybrid biomaterials meet the technical requirements for implantable nerve conduits for surgical application.Π’ настоящСС врСмя ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ поиски эффСктивных способов восстановлСния пСрифСричСских Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ анатомичСском Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… цСлостности. Π—ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ΠΌ стандартом ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ остаСтся аутопластика, которая, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ лишСна нСдостатков. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ пСрспСктивным являСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ примСнСния Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста аксонов.ЦСль: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ биомСханичСскиС свойства Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² искусствСнного Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ИНП) – Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΈΡ‚Π°, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… примСнСния Π² хирургичСской ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ для восстановлСния протяТСнных Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² пСрифСричСских Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ².ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования слуТили ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктроспиннинга Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° ИНП: ΠΈΠ· синтСтичСского ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° – ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° (ΠŸΠšΠ›) ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (ΠŸΠšΠ› с ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ). Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ физичСскиС ΠΈ мСханичСскиС свойства ИНП: ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ…Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ химичСскому Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ срСдами, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ налоТСния анастомоза ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎ врСмя хирургичСской ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ качСствС ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° использовали ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π° Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 2 ΠΌΠΌ, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 12 см, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρƒ тСстируСмых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ИНП. ПослС хирургичСской ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ эхогСнныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… анастомозов с Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ИНП ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ биомСханичСским свойствам ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ для использования Π² хирургичСской ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ для обСспСчСния роста ΠΈ замСщСния Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° пСрифСричСских Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ². Однако Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΉ состав Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ установлСн послС провСдСния ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… доклиничСских исслСдований биосовмСстимых ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… свойств ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ЀизичСскиС ΠΈ мСханичСскиС свойства исслСдуСмых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ИНП ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ тСхничСским трСбованиям, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… хирургичСском ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ

    МСдико-ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ расчСт экономичСского Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ аксиального спондилоартрита Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    Objective: to assess the economic burden of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiological axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in the Russian Federation, as well as the availability and economic prospects for more complete provision of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) to patients with AS and nr-axSpA.Patients and methods. The prevalence of AS and nr-axSpA and organizational aspects of providing with bDMARDs to this category of patients were analyzed.A variant model has been developed in Microsoft Excel, allows to calculate the indicators of the economic burden of AS and nr-axSpA in the Russian Federation, taking into account the economic losses associated with disability, as well as the low availability of bDMARDs. During study preparation, data from real clinical practice and the opinions of experts in the field of AS from various regions of the Russian Federation were studied.The economic burden was calculated as the sum of direct and indirect costs per patient and the population. Additionally, the specific economic burden per capita was determined.Results and discussion. According to expert estimates, the prevalence of AS and nr-axSpA today is 105.0 and 33.2 thousand people, respectively.The current economic burden of the AS for 2019 is estimated at 21.9 billion rubles per population, or 395.5 thousand rubles for 1 patient. The ratio of direct and indirect costs was 1:4, i.e. 4.7 billion rubles – direct costs (84.3 thousand rubles per 1 patient) and 17.2 billion rubles – indirect costs (311.2 thousand rubles per 1 patient). The burden per capita – 149 rubles.Nr-axSpA's current economic burden in 2019 reached 3.0 billion rubles, or 182.9 thousand rubles for 1 patient. The ratio of direct and indirect costs is estimated as 2:5, or 0.9 billion rubles – direct costs (53.0 thousand rubles per 1 patient) and 2.2 billion rubles – indirect costs (130.0 thousand rubles per 1 patient). The burden per capita – 21 rubles.Conclusion. The economic burden of AS and nr-axSpA can be reduced by providing patients with bDMARDs in the required amount: 15% of patients with AS and 10% with nr-axSpA. Due to the imperfection of the regulatory framework, patients with nr-axSpA experience serious difficulties in receiving this therapy within the framework of preferential drug coverage and compulsory health insurance. With the provision of bDMARDs for about 15 and 10% of patients with AS and nr-axSpA, respectively, on the horizon of 5 years, a decrease in disability by 75% and temporary disability by 60% is expected. At the same time, the economic burden for 5 years will decrease by about 40% for each nosology.ЦСль исслСдования – ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° экономичСского Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ спондилита (АБ) ΠΈ нСрСнтгСнологичСского аксиального спондилоартрита (Π½Ρ€-аксБпА) Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ доступности ΠΈ экономичСских пСрспСктив Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обСспСчСния Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ биологичСскими ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА.ΠŸΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты обСспСчСния Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ….Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° вариативная модСль Π² Microsoft Excel, которая позволяСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ экономичСского Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ, связанных с ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ трудоспособности ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ клиничСской ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ мнСния экспСртов Π² области аксиального спондилоартрита ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.ЭкономичСскоС брСмя Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ сумма прямых ΠΈ косвСнных Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ экономичСскоС брСмя Π½Π° Π΄ΡƒΡˆΡƒ насСлСния.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. По экспСртной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅, Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА Π½Π° сСгодня составляСт 105,0 ΠΈ 33,2 тыс. Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ соотвСтствСнно. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ экономичСскоС брСмя АБ Π·Π° 2019 Π³. ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² 21,9 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 395,5 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прямых ΠΈ косвСнных Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ составляло 1:4, Ρ‚. Π΅. 4,7 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. – прямыС Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (84,3 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°) ΠΈ 17,2 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. – косвСнныС Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (311,2 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°). БрСмя Π½Π° Π΄ΡƒΡˆΡƒ насСлСния – 149 Ρ€ΡƒΠ±.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ экономичСскоС брСмя Π½Ρ€-аксБпА Π·Π° 2019 Π³. достигало 3,0 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 182,9 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прямых ΠΈ косвСнных Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ расцСнСно ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ 2:5, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 0,9 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. – прямыС Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (53,0 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°) ΠΈ 2,2 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. – косвСнныС Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (130,0 тыс. Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π½Π° 1 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°). БрСмя Π½Π° Π΄ΡƒΡˆΡƒ насСлСния – 21 Ρ€ΡƒΠ±.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ЭкономичСскоС брСмя АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сниТСно Π·Π° счСт обСспСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ объСмС: 15% ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ АБ ΠΈ 10% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА. Из-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ с Π½Ρ€-аксБпА ΠΈΡΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ трудности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСкарствСнного обСспСчСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСдицинского страхования. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ обСспСчСнии Π“Π˜Π‘ΠŸ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 15 ΠΈ 10% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… АБ ΠΈ Π½Ρ€-аксБпА соотвСтствСнно Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ оТидаСтся сниТСниС ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 75% ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ трудоспособности Π½Π° 60%. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом экономичСскоС брСмя Π·Π° 5 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 40% для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
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