Implementacija procesnih odredbi konvencije o kibernetičkom kriminalu u ZKP-u Republike Srpske

Konvencija o kibernetičkom kriminalu potpisana je u Budimpešti 23. novembra 2001. godine i predstavlja oblik međunarodnog ugovora. Konvencija o kibernetičkom kriminalu spada u krug takozvanih okvirnih konvencija, što znači da njene odredbe nisu direktno primjenjive već je neophodno da svaka država nakon ratifikacije izvrši implementaciju ove konvencije u vlastito zakonodavstvo. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ukaže na stepen implementacije procesnih odredbi koje predlaže Konvencija o kibernetičkom kriminalu u Zakonu o krivičnom postupku Republike Srpske, te da se ukaže na načine njihove primjene a sve u cilju unapređenja postupaka koji se sprovode prilikom dokazivanja krivičnih djela kompjuterskog kriminala

Dokazna vrijednost šifrovanih poruka iz presretnutih telekomunikacija u krivičnom postupku

Materijal dobijen primjenom posebne istražne radnje nadroz i tehničko snimanje telekomunikacija veoma često primijenjuje se kao dokazno sredstvo u krivičnom postupku. Međutim, postavlja se pitanje da li je sam postupak analize i tumačenja presretnutih, šifrovanih telekomunikacija izmedju osumnjičenih lica stručno i naučno utemeljen u smislu planskog, analitičkog, metodičkog, pravilnog i naučno utemeljenog tumačenja navedene komunikacije. O navedenom se jako malo govori u naučnim i stručnim krugovima a ono što je takođe indikativno je da se i jako malo piše, što u velikoj mjeri otežava rad na tumačenju, analizi i adekvatnoj primjeni presretnutih telekomunikacija. Takođe je činjenica da se u BiH, navedenoj problematici pristupa na površan način, ne postoje adekvatne stručne osobe koje bi za potrebe institucija za sprovođenje zakona vršili analizu i tumačenje presretnutih telekomunikacija. Analizirajući predmete iz prakse može se konstatovati da se primjenom posebne istražne radnje nadzor i tehničko snimanje telekomunikacija dobije relativno mali broj relevantnih komunikacija ali da se njihovim adekvatnim tumačenjem, analizom i upotrebom mogu postići jako dobri rezultati, dok se istovremeno površnim i ne stručnim pristupom, na ovaj način dobijen dokazni materijal može kompromitovati. Shodno prethodno rečenom, autori će kroz ovaj rad nastojati ukazati kako se navedenoj tematici pristupa u dosadašnjoj kriminalističkoj i sudskoj praksi u BiH te dati prijedloge za eventualnu efikasniju upotrebu tako dobijenog materijala u krivičnom postupku

KRIPTOVALUTE - IZAZOVI AKTUELNOG GLOBALNOG TRENDA ZA KRIMINALISTIČKU PRAKSU

Kriptovalute predstavljaju oblik digitalne imovine koja se koristi kao sredstvo razmjene, kojom prilikom se upotrebljava kriptografija kao način obezbjeđivanja sigurnosti transakcija, kontrole stvaranja dodatnih novčanih jedinica i radi potvrde transfera valute, a definišu se i kao podskup digitalnih valuta, alternativnih valuta i virtuelnih valuta. Kriptovalute, tačnije njihova upotreba u kriminalne svrhe predstavlja ozbiljan, nedovoljno istražen bezbjednosni izazov u kriminalističkoj teoriji i praksi. Ipak, danas se može govoriti o određenim, do sada uočenim specifičnostima i karakteristikama kriptovaluta i to: neuređena zakonska regulativa, decentralizacija, anonimnost, kriptografija, blockchain tehnologija, zatim činjenica da emisiju kriptovaluta ne kontroliše država, da nije propisan način kreiranja kriptovaluta, globalna rasprostranjenost, te podaci koji govore da se veliki procent kriptovaluta koristi u ilegalne svrhe. Nadalje, krivična djela koja se mogu dovesti u vezu sa upotrebom kriptovaluta su veoma širokog spektra i zahvataju veliki broj inkriminacija kao što su: pranje novca, finansiranje terorizma, malware, ransomware, phishing, poreske prevare, iznude, ucjene, otmice, trgovina putem ilegalnih platformi za trgovinu na internetu različitih vrsta roba kao što su droga, oružje, falsifikovani novac, kreditne kartice, dokumenta, dječija pornografija, mreže zaraženih računara (botnet), te trgovina različitim uslugama i slično. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na specifičnosti koje se javljaju prilikom preduzimanja istrage kod krivičnih djela u kojima su korištene kriptovalute te specifičnostima analize dokaznog materijala i zaplijene kriptovaluta

An integrated approach to delimiting species borders in the genus Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with description of two new species

Integrative taxonomy tests the validity of taxa using methods additional to traditional morphology. The existence of two different morphotypes in specimens identified as Chrysotoxum vernale Loew (Diptera: Syrphidae) prompted their taxonomic study using an integrative approach that included morphology, wing and male-surstylus geometric morphometrics, genetic and ecological analyses. As a result, a new species is recognised, Chrysotoxum montanum Nedeljković & Vujić sp. nov., and C. vernale is re-defined. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for C. vernale to stabilize this concept. An additional species, Chrysotoxum orthostylum Vujić sp. nov., with distinctive male genitalia is also described. The three species share an antenna with the basoflagellomere shorter than the scape plus pedicel and terga with yellow fasciae not reaching the lateral margins. This study confirms the value of integrative approach for resolving species boundaries.Financial support was provided by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (projects OI173002 and III43002), the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development (project ‘Genetic resources of agro-ecosystems in Vojvodina and sustainable agriculture’), the Transnational Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the FP7 of the EC (ExpeER project, TA visit ‘STEPS’) and the FP7 EU project, Innosense

Inhibitory effect of propafenone derivatives on pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and pyocyanin production

Introduction/Objective Biofilm and pyocyanin production are essential components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and antibiotic resistance.Our objective was to examine inhibitory effect of synthetized propafenone derivatives 3-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-(2- (2-hydroxy-3-propylamino-propoxy)-phenyl)-propan-1-one hydrochloride (5OF) and3-(2-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-propylamino-propoxy)-phenyl)-propan-1-one hydrochloride (5CF3) on biofilm and pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.Methods Effects were tested on nine clinical isolates and one control laboratory strain of P. aeruginosa. In vitro analysis of biofilm growing was performed by incubating bacteria (0.5 McFarland) with 5OF and 5CF3 (500–31.2 μg/ml) and measuring optical density (OD) at 570 nm. Bacteria in medium without com-pounds were positive control. Blank medium (an uninoculated medium without test compounds) was used as negative control. Pyocyanin production was estimated by OD at 520 nm, after bacteria incubated with 5CF3 and 5OF (250 and 500 μg/ml), treated with chloroform, and chloroform layer mixed with HCl. Results A total of 500 μg/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 completely inhibited biofilm formation in 10/10 and 4/10 strains, respectively. A total of 250 μg/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 strongly inhibited biofilm formation in 7/10 strains, while inhibition with 125 μg/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 was moderate. Lower concentrations had almost no effect on biofilm production. Pyocyanin production was reduced to less than 40% of the control value in 6/9, and less than 50% of the control in 7/9 strains with 500 μg/ml of 5OF and 5CF3, respectively. At 250 μg/ml 5OF and 5CF3, most strains had pyocyanin production above 50% of the control value.Conclusion Synthetized propafenone derivatives, 5OF and 5CF3, inhibited biofilms and pyocyanin produc-tion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Presented results suggest that propafenone derivatives are potential lead-compounds for synthesis of novel antipseudomonal drugs.Увод/Циљ Производња биофилма и пиоцијанина je важан фактор вируленције и антибиотске резистенције бактерије Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Циљ рада је био да се испита инхибиторни ефекат синте-тисаних пропафенонских деривата, 3-(2-флуоро-фенил)-1-[2-(2-хидрокси-3-пропиламино-пропокси)-фенил]-про-пан-1-он-хидрохлорид) (5OF) и 3-(2-трифлуорометилфенил)-1-[2-(2-хидрокси-3-пропиламино-пропокси)-фенил]-про-пан-1-он-хидрохлорид) (5CF3), на продукцију биофилма и пиоцијанина код клиничких изолата бактерије Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Методе Ефекат пропафенонских деривата испитан је на девет клиничких изолата и једном стандардном соју бакте-рије P. aeruginosa. Утицај на продукцију биофилма испитан је in vitro, инкубацијом бактерија (0,5 по Макфарланду) са 5OF и 5CF3 (500–31,2 μg/ml), и мерењем оптичке густине на 570 nm. Бактерије у медијуму без испитиваних једињења су биле позитивна контрола, а сам медијум негативна контро-ла. Производени пиоцијанин, који је одређиван мерењем оптичке густине на 520 nm, на коинкубације бактерија са 5CF3 или 5OF (250 и 500 μg/ml), третиран је хлороформом и мешањем хлороформског слојa са HCl.Резултати При концентрацији од 500 μg/ml 5OF је довео до потпуне инхибиције продукције биофилма код свих испи-тиваних сојева (10/10). Инхибиција биофилма са 500 μg/ml5CF3 била је потпуна код 4/10 сојева. При концентрацији 5OF и 5CF3 од 250 μg/ml продукција биофилма код већине испитаних изолата била је слаба, док је при концентрацији 125 μg/ml 5OF односно 5CF3 продукција била умерена. Ниже концентрације 5OF и 5CF3 нису имале инхибиторни ефекат на формирање биофилма. У присуству 500 μg/ml 5OF у 6/10 испитиваних сојева продукција пиоцијанина пала је на мање од 40% у односу на контролну вредност. Иста концентрација (500 μg/ml) 5CF3 снизила је продукцију пиоцијанина на мање од 50% од контроле у 7/9 сојева. При концентрацији 250 μg/ml 5OF или 5CF3 већина сојева продуковала је пиоцијанин изнад 50% у односу на позитивну контролу.Закључак Синтетисани пропафенонски деривати, 5OF и 5CF3, инхибирају продукцију биофилма и пиоцијанина код клиничких сојева бактерије Pseudomonas aeruginosa. До-бијени резултати указују на то да пропафенонски деривати представљају могућа полазна једињења за синтезу нових антипсеудомонасних агенаса.This work is a part of Jasmina Bašić’s PhD thesis “Ex-amination of correlation between chemical structure, physicochemical properties and retention parameters and antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized derivatives of propiophenone,“ defended at the Department of Phar-maceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade on September 19, 2016

Fitness traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) after long-term laboratory rearing on different diets

Nutrition is one of the most important environmental factors that influence the development and growth in Drosophila. The food composition strongly affects their reproduction, welfare and survival, so it is necessary for flies to search for a mixture of macronutrients that maximizes their fitness. We have five D. melanogaster strains, which were reared for 13 years on five different substrates: standard cornmeal-agar-sugar-yeast medium and four substrates modified by adding tomato, banana, carrot and apple. This study was aimed at determining how such long-term rearing of flies on substrates with different protein content affects fitness traits (dynamics of eclosion, developmental time and egg-to-adult survival). Further, we determined how transferring flies reared on fruit/vegetable substrates to a standard laboratory diet affected their fitness. Results indicate that strains reared on the diet with the lowest content of protein and the highest C/N ratio had the slowest eclosion and developmental time, and lowest egg-to-adult survival (apple diet). The flies reared on the diet with the highest protein content and the lowest C/N ratio had the highest survival (tomato diet). Flies reared on the carrot diet, which is quite similar in protein content and C/N ratio to the standard cornmeal diet, had the fastest development. Transferring flies to the standard cornmeal diet accelerate eclosion and developmental time, but did not affect survival

DNA barcoding applied: identifying the larva of Merodon avidus (Diptera: Syrphidae)

The immature stages of phytophagous hoverflies and their plant hosts are mostly unknown. This paper describes the larva of Merodon avidus Rossi, 1790 (Diptera: Syrphidae), based on material collected from Đerdap National Park in Serbia. Larvae were found in the bulbs of Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) and in the surrounding soil. DNA barcoding was used to identify the species and scanning electron microscopy was used to describe the morphological characteristics of Merodon avidus. Reared material previously identified as Merodon constans (Rossi, 1794) is shown to belong to M. hurkmansi Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007.This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant No. 173002 and Grant No. 43002, the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development, Grant No. 114-457-2173/2011-01 and by the project Status and Trends of European Pollinators, FP7-ENV-2009-1-244090 (STEP)

Derivati halkona kao potentijalni antiseptici i dezinficijensi

The global market for antiseptics and disinfectants is growing rapidly, fueled by a coronavirus pandemic and a possible outbreak of infectious diseases in the future. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and redox activity of chalcone (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) is well documented in the literature. The aim of this study is screening of antimicrobial activity of chalcones and their saturated derivatives as active pharmaceutical ingredients, synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation (1). The redox potential of the investigated compounds was tested in the biological environment using spectrophotometric methods to determine prooxidant/antioxidant parameters. Within preformulation studies solubility and compatibility with excipients commonly used in liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms was performed. All the tested chalcones and their saturated derivatives showed satisfactory antimicrobial activity, but two saturated chalcones showed the best MIC (0.156 - 1.25 mM) and were categorized as compounds with strong bacteriostatic activity (2). Solubility of the chalcons with moderate antimicrobial activity and redox potential was higher than its minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration in all the tested solvents (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol). Based on the chemical structure and predicted logP values for saturated chalcones that show stronger antimicrobial activity, better water solubility is expected. These data could be a starting point for formulations of antiseptics and disinfectants with lower concentrations of alcohol-based solvents, as the synergism between saturated chalcone and ethanol and isopropyl alcohol was previously shown. Considering the lighter color of the saturated chalcone, better aesthetic acceptability of the developed formulations is expected, since it will not stain the skin and objects during application.Globalno tržište antiseptika i dezinfekcionih sredstava ubrzano raste podstaknuto pandemijom koronavirusa i moguć im širenjem drugih zaraznih bolesti u buduć nosti. Antimikrobna, antiinflamatorna i redoks aktivnost halkona (1,3-diaril-2-propen-1-ona) je dobro dokumentovana u literaturi. Cilj ove studije bio je skrining antimikrobne aktivnosti halkona i njihovih zasić enih derivata kao aktivnih farmaceutskih sastojaka, sintetisanih Claisen‐Schmidt kondenzacijom (1). Redoks potencijal ispitivanih jedinjenja je ispitan u biosredini primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda za određivanje prooksidantnih/antioksidativnih parametara. Sprovedena su i preformulaciona ispitivanja rastvorljivosti i kompatibilnosti sa ekscipijensima uobičajeno korišćenim u tečnim farmaceutskim oblicima. Svi testirani halkoni i njihovi zasić eni derivati su pokazali zadovoljavajuć u antimikrobnu aktivnost, ali su dva zasić ena halkona pokazala najbolji MIC (0,156 – 1,25 mM) i kategorisana su kao jedinjenja sa jakom bakteriostatskom aktivnošć u (2). Rastvorljivost halkona sa umerenom antimikrobnom aktivnošću i redoks potencijalom bili su viši od njegove minimalne bakteriostatske i baktericidne koncentracije u svim ispitivanim rastvaračima (etanol, izopropil alkohol i propilenglikol). Na osnovu hemijske strukture i predviđene logP vrednosti za zasićene halkone koji pokazuju bolju antimikrobnu aktivnost, očekuje se i bolja rastvorljivost u vodi. Ovi podaci mogli bi da budu polazna osnova za formulisanje antiseptika i dezinfekcionih sredstava sa nižim koncentracijama rastvarača na bazi alkohola, uzimajući u obzir da je u prethodnom ispitivanju pokazan sinergizam između zasićenog halkona i etanola, kao i izopropil alkohola. S obzirom na svetliju boju zasićenog halkona, očekuje se i bolja estetska prihvatljivost razvijenih formulacija, jer neć e bojiti kožu i predmete tokom nanošenja.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

Patterns of herbivore damage, developmental stability, morphological and biochemical traits in female and male Mercurialis perennis in contrasting light habitats

Light environments can influence variation in plant morphology, development and susceptibility to herbivores. Our research interest was to investigate the patterns of herbivore damage and developmental stability in dioecious understory forb Mercurialis perennis in contrasting light habitats, located at 1700 m a.s.l. on Mt. Kopaonik. Male and female plants from two light habitats, open (a sun-exposed field) and shaded (a spruce forest) were examined with respect to: herbivore damage (percentage of leaf area loss), fluctuating asymetry (FA) as a measurement of developmental stability, plant morphological and, specifically, leaf size traits, as well as biochemical traits relating to nutritional quality and defence, taking into account the possible presence of intersexual differences. Our results show that herbivore damage was significantly higher in open habitat, as well as one out of four univariate FA indices and the multivariate index. Morphological and biochemical traits, apart from defensive compounds, had higher values in the shade, pointing to sun-exposed habitat being more stressful for this species. Intersexual differences were observed for foliar damage, defensive compounds (phenolics and tannins), all leaf size traits, total leaf area, and protein content. Contrasting light habitats affected most of the analysed traits. Both foliar damage and FA were higher in a more stressful habitat; within habitats, no positive correlations were found. Herbivore damage was significantly male biased in open habitat. The analysis of intersexual differences in developmental stability measured by leaf asymmetry levels provided no evidence that female plants were more sensitive to environmental stress.This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Alpine Botany. The final authenticated version is available online at: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00035-018-0203-8

Acute leukemia of childhood: A single institution's experience

The aim of this study was to investigate distribution of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of childhood acute leukemia (AL) in the cohort of 239 newly diagnosed patients registered at the leading pediatric oncohematology center in the country during a six-year period (1996-2002). With approximately 60-70% of all childhood AL cases in Serbia and Montenegro being diagnosed and treated in this institution the used data represent a valid research sample to draw conclusions for entire country. On the basis of five phenotypic markers, the distribution of immunological subtypes was as follows: 169 (70.7%) expressed B-cell marker CD19 (137 were CD10 positive and 32 CD10 negative), 37 (15.5%) belonged to T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (cyCD3 positive), and 33 (13.8%) were acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) (CD13 positive and/or CD33 positive in the absence of lymphoid-associated antigens). The ratio of males and females was 1.5:1. Most of the cases were between the ages of 2 and 4, and were predominantly B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases. Another peak of age distribution was observed at the age of 7. The frequency of T-ALL (18% of ALL) was similar to that reported for Mediterranean countries: France (19.4%), Greece (28.1%), Southern Italy (28.3%), and Bulgaria (28.0%). Cytogenetic analyses were performed in 193 patients: 164 ALL and 29 AML. Normal karyotype was found in 57% of ALL and in 55% of AML patients, while cytogenetic abnormalities including structural, numerical, and complex chromosomal rearrangements were found in 43% of ALL and in 45% of AML patients. Our results represent a contribution to epidemiological aspects of childhood leukemia studies