The hypertension prevalence estimation and associated risk factors for the arterial hypertension in adult inhabitants of the Republic of Serbia

Хипертензија je важaн јавноздравствени проблем широм света. Иако се на њу може утицати, она је чест фактор ризика за кардиоваскуларне болести. Циљ истраживања је био да утврди преваленцију хипертензије и потенцијалних фактора ризика за настанак артеријске хипертензије код одраслих становника Републике Србије. Методе: Студија пресека је обухватила 14.623 одраслих испитаника, од којих је 14.422 пристало да им се измери крвни притисак. Коришћен је стратификовани двоетапни репрезентативни случајни узорак становништва Србије. У статистичкој анализи података коришћени су χ2 квадрат тест, t-тест, униваријантна (УЛРА) и мултиваријантна (МЛРА) логистичка регресиона анализа. Резултати: У 2013. години 17,7% одраслих, узраста 15 и више година, било је нормотензивно, свака трећа особа је имала прехипертензију (33,1%), а свака друга хипертензију (49,3%). Стандардизована преваленција прехипертензије је била 40,6%, а хипертензије 34,5%. Према резултатима МЛРА, значајни независни фактори ризика за хипертензију, у односу на особе са нормотензијом, били су узраст (50 и више година), прекомерна тежина и гојазност, умерено велики и велики обим струка код оба пола, и место боравка ван градова само код жена. Код жена, значајни независни фактори ризика за прехипертензију, у поређењу са особама са нормотензијом, били су узраст (50 и више година), прекомерна тежина и гојазност, умерено велики и велики обим струка, док је висок степен физичке активности био значајан протективан фактор. Код мушкараца, прекомерна тежина и гојазност су били значајни независни фактори ризика за прехипертензију. Закључак: Република Србија припада земљама са високом преваленцијом прехипертензије и хипертензије. Наши резултати истичу потребу за новом јавном здравственом стратегијом за превенцију, откривање и лечење прехипертензије и хипертензије.Hypertension are an important public health problem worldwide and although they can be modified, it is often a risk for cardiovascular disease. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in the adult population of Serbia. Methods: The cross-sectional study covered 14,623 adult respondents, but 14,422 volunteered to measure their blood pressure. A stratified two-stage national representative random sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. In statistical analysis of data chi square test, t-test, univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA) were used. Results: In 2013, 17.7% of Serbian population, aged 15 and over, was normotensive, every third person had prehypertension (33.1%), and every second had hypertension (49.3%). The standardized prevalence of prehypertension was 40.6% and 34.5% for hypertension. According to the results of MLRA, independently significant risk factors for hypertension compared to persons with normotension were older age (50 and more), overweight and obesity, moderate and large waist circumference in both sexes, and nonurban place of residence in females. In females, independently significant risk factors for prehypertension compared to persons with normotension were older age (50 and more), overweight and obesity, moderate and large waist circumference, but high level of physical activity was significantly protective. In males, overweight and obesity were independently significant risk factors for prehypertension. Conclusions: Serbia belongs to countries with a high prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension. Our results emphasize the need for a new public health strategy for the prevention, detection and treatment of prehypertension and hypertension

Rationalization of a Core Warehouse in the Casting Plant: A Case Study

The warehouse is an important factor in the manufacturing process. At present, there are constant demands for the more efficient and effective operation of warehouse systems. For this reason, the rationalization of existing warehouses and/or storage systems is one of the ways to achieve the previously set targets. The possibilities of rationalization are numerous in all segments of the observed system. The most suitable solutions for a particular warehouse will be found based on the nature of the observed problem and the available investment funds. The paper defines the place and the role of the warehouse in a casting plant. Besides, the current situation in the warehouse segment of casting plants is analyzed to identify problems. Finally, the development of different concepts of rationalization to relevant constraints is discussed. This approach has enabled us to solve the problem of the rationalization task and to produce the desired effects

Kodeks Svetske zdravstvene organizacije o reklamiranju zamena za majčino mleko – stepen legislativne usvojenosti

Nacionalna regulativa je delimično usaglašena sa odredbama Kodeksa SZO. Ona u velikoj meri i u osnovnim crtama sadrži potrebu i način označavanja zamena za majčino mleko i povezanih proizvoda, zabranu reklamiranja formula-zamena za majčino mleko, potrebu promocije dojenja, ali ne u svim aspektima i detaljima. Osnovna primedba domaćoj regulativi je što se odnosi na početnu formulu za odojčad, a ne i na prelazne formule. Osim toga, vrlo malo odredbi je posvećeno odgovornosti zdravstvenog sistema za promociju, informisanje i podršku dojenju i ograničavanju primene formula. Malo je odredbi posvećeno i ponašanju zdravstvenog sistema i zdravstvenih radnika u ovom kontekstu, kao i odnosu zdravstvenih radnika, s jedne strane i proizvođača i distributera formule, sa druge. Ovome je, međutim, u Kodeksu posvećeno dosta prostora, jer predstavlja osnovnu okosnicu mehanizma podrške dojenju i ograničavanja primene formula, zamena za majčino mleko. Osim izmene pravne regulative, potrebno je dosledno primenjivati već postojeću regulativu, naročito u oblasti rada inspekcija, odnosno stavljanja u funkciju redovnih mehanizama kontrole sanitarnih i tržišnih inspektora umesto vanrednih. Naime, pitanje korišćenja zamena za majčino mleko, zbog značaja dojenja, tretira se kao javni interes, pa je malo verovatno da će neko iz individualnog interesa pokrenuti mehanizam vanredne inspekcije u slučaju kršenja obaveza vezanih za dojenje i reklamiranje zamena za majčino mleko. Ovo je stvar od javnog interesa i treba, kao takva, da bude konrolisana kroz česte redovne inspekcije

The procedure proposal for order pick area design

Problem definiranja komisione zone pri projektiranju skladišta je vrlo složen zadatak koji zahtijeva opsežnu analizu i štovanje niza različitih faktora. Konfiguracija komisione zone je u funkciji niza kriterija koji se razlikuju po značaju i utjecaju pri donošenju odluke. U ovom članku predložena je hijerarhijska iterativna procedura za tehnološko uobličavanje komisione zone, čija primjena omogućava minimizaciju troškova uz štovanje zahtjevane razine servisa. Procedura obuhvaća generiranje alternativnih koncepcija komisione zone, određivanje njene veličine i procjenu relevantnih troškova primjenom parcijalnih analitičkih metoda.The problem of order pick area (OPA) defining during warehouse designing is a very complex task that requires a full set of analysis and trade offs of different factors. Configuration of OPA is the function of numerous criteria, which differ by their significance and impact on decision-making. In this paper, hierarchy iterative procedure for technological configuration of picking area is proposed, whose appliance enables cost minimization respecting the required service level. The procedure includes generating alternative concepts, determinating size of OPA and evaluating relevant costs of certain concepts using partial analytical methods

Analysis of the national legal regulation related to protection of population from communicable diseases - Compliance with the EU regulation

According to the EU regulation, health care is the subject of national regulation of the Member States. In specific cases, such as protection from communicable diseases, international and European regulation have some competences. Namely, danger of communicable diseases spreading does not recognize state borders and can represent danger for a number of states. Serbia, as a member of WHO and the signatory of International Health Regulations of WHO, has, therefore, the obligation to harmonize its regulation and activities with International Health Regulations. Beside this, national regulation should be harmonized with the part of EU regulation related to protection from cross-border spreading of communicable diseases. Serbian laws give the basis for harmonization with international and EU regulation. As for any other subarea in health, Health Care Law contains also basic provisions related to protection of population form communicable diseases, which enable further work: it emphasizes the importance of protection of population from communicable diseases, defines relevant subjects in this area on the national level and refers to the law related specifically to this issue, which is Law on Protection of Population from Communicable Diseases. Newly enacted is Law on Protection of Population from Communicable Diseases and, so far, passed bylaw regulation, different solution of international and EU regulation have been adopted in this area. There is, however, still space for harmonisation and that could be achieved through amendments to existing regulation and through passing of the adequate by-regulation

The procedure proposal for order pick area design

Problem definiranja komisione zone pri projektiranju skladišta je vrlo složen zadatak koji zahtijeva opsežnu analizu i štovanje niza različitih faktora. Konfiguracija komisione zone je u funkciji niza kriterija koji se razlikuju po značaju i utjecaju pri donošenju odluke. U ovom članku predložena je hijerarhijska iterativna procedura za tehnološko uobličavanje komisione zone, čija primjena omogućava minimizaciju troškova uz štovanje zahtjevane razine servisa. Procedura obuhvaća generiranje alternativnih koncepcija komisione zone, određivanje njene veličine i procjenu relevantnih troškova primjenom parcijalnih analitičkih metoda.The problem of order pick area (OPA) defining during warehouse designing is a very complex task that requires a full set of analysis and trade offs of different factors. Configuration of OPA is the function of numerous criteria, which differ by their significance and impact on decision-making. In this paper, hierarchy iterative procedure for technological configuration of picking area is proposed, whose appliance enables cost minimization respecting the required service level. The procedure includes generating alternative concepts, determinating size of OPA and evaluating relevant costs of certain concepts using partial analytical methods

Modelne karakteristike telesne strukture studentkinja Fakulteta za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju (FASPER) izmerene metodom multikanalne bioelektrične impedance

The goal of this research was to define the initial body structure model of female students of Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation (FASPER), University of Belgrade, as a person whose professional and work commitment is working with disabled people and it's perceived as a very responsible, stressful and atypical work profile. The sample was made of 125 participants (female students) of III and IV year of Bachelor studies of FASPER. Research was conducted in a Methodical-research laboratory (MRL) in Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade in a time period 2012-2017, in accordance with standardized procedure of applying electrical multichannel bioimpedance method with body structure analyzer - InBody 720. It contained twenty (20) variables, eight (8) were basic and twelve (12) were derived. Based on BMI it's claimed that 77.60% participants has a normal body status, but the prevalence of overweight students (BMI lt 25.00) were 7.20%, apropos the prevalence of obesity (BMI lt 30.00) was 4.00%. It's also established that the prevalence of underweight students (BMI>18.50) is 11.20%, with 4.00% participants who were significantly thinness underweight i.e. poorly nourished (BMI>17.50). According to the results it was concluded that even 96.8% of sample was not in line with ideal or optimal body structure profile. For example, 63.2% participants has some form of body mass deficits (average of 5.25 kg) with mostly muscle component deficit 78.4% (average muscle mass deficit is 4.28 kg) and with body fat component deficit 43.2% (average deficit of body fat is 2.01 kg). On the other hand, 33.6% participants has a form of surplus (average surplus in body structure is 9.44 kg) where even 54.4% has a surplus of body fat component (average level of surplus of body fat 7.48 kg). The results of 4D body structure model of female students from FASPER can be defined like this: 31.77 L of Total Body Water (53.37%), 8.50 kg of proteins (14.26%), 16.98 kg of body fat (27.10%) and 3.10 kg of minerals (5.18%). Beside the probability that the reason of bad nutrition behaviour of these students is the cause of their increasing fat depots it's also a fact that 69.6% of these students are physically inactive and 21.6% just occasionally active, which mean that 91.2% of students was physically non active person, could indicate a most possible reason of body fat component suficit and body muscle component deficit as a main body structure characteristics.El objetivo de la investigación es definir las características de modelo de la estructura corporal de las estudiantes de la FASPER de la Universidad en Belgrado, como personas cuya orientación laboral futura es el trabajo con las personas inválidas, lo que representa UN perfil laboral profesional muy responsable, estresado y atípico. La muestra ha sido compuesta de las 125 examinadas. Las mediciones se han hecho en el Laboratorio metódico-investigativo de la Facultad de Deporte y Educación Física de la Universidad en Belgrado, utilizando el analizador de la estructura corporal - InBody 720. La investigación ha abarcado veinte (20) variables. Los resultados han mostrado que los 77,60 % de las examinadas están en el estatus de nutrición normal, que la prevalencia de las examinadas con sobrepeso (BMI lt 25.00) es el 7,20 %, es decir, con obesidad (BMI lt 30.00) el 4.00 %. También se ha establecido que la prevalencia de desnutrición (BMI lt 18.50%) es el 11,20%, donde incluso el 4,00% de las examinadas es considerablemente desnutrido (BMI lt 17.50%). Los resultados demostraron que incluso los 96.8% de las examinadas se desvían del perfil de la nutrición ideal. En relación con la desviación hacia el déficit, los 63% de las examinadas tiene alguna forma de déficit de la masa corporal (el promedio del déficit de la masa corporal es de 5.20 kg) y la mayoría de ellas tiene el déficit del componente de músculos los 78,4% (el déficit de 4.28 kg), así como también en relación con el déficit de componente graso los 43,2% (déficit de 2.01 kg). Con el perfil de alguno de los excedentes están los 33,6% de las examinadas (excedente de la masa corporal de 9.44 kg), donde incluso los 54,4% tiene el excedente del componente graso (excedente de 7.48 kg). Además de la probabilidad que la forma de nutrición es la razón para el aumento del componente graso y el hecho que incluso los 69,6% de las examinadas no están físicamente activas de manera adecuada, los 21.6 % solo de vez en cuando, es decir los 91.2% en total, indica la posible razón porque en ellas se ha encontrado el excedente del componente graso y el déficit del componente muscular.Cilj istraživanja je definisanje modelskih karakteristika telesne strukture studentkinja FASPERA Univerziteta u Beogradu, kao osoba čije je buduće radno opredeljenje rad sa invalidnim licima, što predstavlja veoma odgovoran, stresan i atipičan profesionalni radni profil. Uzorak je bio sastavljen od 125 ispitanica. Merenja su izvršena u Metodičko-istraživačkoj laboratoriji Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, pomoću analizatora telesne strukture - InBody 720. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno dvadeset (20) varijabli. Rezultati su pokazali da je 77.60 % ispitanica u statusu normalne uhranjenosti, da je prevalencija ispitanica sa prekomernom težinom (BMI lt 25.00) 7.20%, odnosno gojaznosti (BMI lt 30.00) 4.00%. Takođe, utvrđeno je i da je prevalencija nedovoljne uhranjenosti (BMI > 18.50) 11.20%, gde je čak 4.00% ispitanica i značajno neuhranjeno (BMI >17.50). Rezultati su pokazali da čak 96.8 % ispitanica odstupa od profila idealne uhranjenosti. U odnosu na odstupanje ka deficitu, 63.2% ispitanica ima neki oblik deficita telesne mase (prosek deficita telesne mase od 5.20 kg) i to ih ima najviše sa deficitom mišićne komponente 78.4% (deficit od 4.28 kg), kao i u odnosu na deficit masne komponente 43.2% (deficit od 2.01 kg). Sa profilom nekog od suficita ima 33.6% ispitanica (suficit telesne mase od 9.44 kg), gde čak 54.4% ima suficit masne komponente (suficit od 7.48 kg). Pored verovatnoće da je način ishrane razlog za povećane masne komponente, i činjenica da čak 69.6% nije, a 21.6% samo povremeno, odnosno ukupno 91.2% ispitanica nije adekvatno fizički aktivno, ukazuje na mogući razlog zašto je kod njih utvrđen suficit masne, odnosno deficit mišićne komponente

Trend promene osnovnih antropometrijskih karakteristika studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije u toku studija

By applying transversal method of research on a sample of 267 male and 88 female students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade determination of basic anthropometrical characteristics in the function of the year of study was conducted. Basic anthropometrical characteristics were expressed in following variables: body weight - BW, expressed in kg; body height - BH, expressed in cm; body mass index - BMI, expressed in kg/m2. The obtained results showed statistically significant tendency of change in students of the ACPS during the course of studies, namely in increase of BM as basic measure for estimation of body voluminosity (1.2 kg per a study year, F ratio 4287, p = 0.039), as well as in BMI, as a measure for the assessment of the body status, that is, the state of nourishment (0.42 kg/m2 per a study year, F ratio 7.191, p = 0.008). As for female students, the obtained results showed statistically significant tendency of change, namely in decrease of BMI, as a measure for the assessment of the body status, that is, the state of nourishment (- 0.56 kg/m2 per a study year, F ratio 8.290, p = 0.005). At this point, based on the research results, we can not say for sure what could be the cause of the determined trend of increase of voluminosity and body nourishment in male students, and decrease of body nourishment in female students, which should be determined in future researches.Na uzorku od 267 ispitanika muškog pola i 88 ispitanika ženskog pola studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije (KPA) iz Beograda primenom transverzalne metode istraživanja izvršeno je dijagnostikovanje osnovnih antropometrijskih karakteristika u funkciji godine studija. Osnovne antropometrijske karakteristike ispitanika su bile predstavljene sledećim varijablama: telesna masa - TM, izražena u kg; telesna visina - TV, izražena u cm; i telesno-maseni indeks (BMI), izražen u kg/m2. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je kod studenata KPA u toku studija došlo do statistički značajnog trenda promene, i to povećanja kod TM, kao osnovne mere za procenu voluminoznosti tela (1.20 kg po godini studija, F odnos 4.287, p = 0.039) kao i kod BMI, kao mere za procenu telesnog statusa, tj. stanja uhranjenosti (0.42 kg/m2 po godini studija, F odnos 7.191, p = 0.008). U odnosu nastudentkinje, dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je u toku studija KPA došlo do statistički značajnog trenda promene, i to smanjenja kod BMI, kao mere za procenu telesnog statusa, tj. stanja uhranjenosti (- 0.56 kg/m2 po godini studija, F odnos 8.290, p = 0.005). U ovom trenutku se na osnovu rezultata istraživanja ne može sa sigurnošću tvrditi šta je posledica utvrđenog trenda povećanja voluminoznosti i telesne uhranjenosti kod studenata odnosno smanjenja telesne uhranjenosti kod studentkinja, što treba utvrditi u narednim istraživanjima

Cancer Incidence in a Population Living Near a Petrochemical Facility and Oil Refinery

There is growing concern that pollution from petrochemical and oil refinery installations in Pan~evo (Serbia) has increased the incidence of various diseases including cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate cancer incidence in Pan~evo and to compare it with the region of central Serbia. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the corresponding Serbian Cancer Registries. Systematic local monitoring of benzene, toluene and methyl mercaptane in the atmosphere within Pan~evo’s industrial area indicated that the average monthly and yearly concentrations often exceeded permitted levels proposed by EU standards (5 mgm–3). Cancer incidence was lower in Pan~evo than in central Serbia (the standardised incidence for all types of cancers in Pan~evo was 218.3 and in central Serbia it was 241.7 per 100,000 inhabitants). The available data do not allow us to correlate air pollution in Pan~evo with increased cancer incidence

Public-health threat as the emergency situation

Public-health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) is defined by International Health Regulations (IHR) as an extraordinary event to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response. Through IHR, World Health Organization supports the Member States in the common work aimed to save the lives from internationally spread diseases and other health risks. Member States have their own legal acts which regulate the way of reporting in emergency situations which constitute the public health threat for the country. IHR, however, establish the rules for the global alarming system and response to PHEIC. Through IHR, WHO plans to develop and sustain effective international system of assessment of global context of public-health risks and which would be prepared for the fast reaction to the unexpected events and public health threats. In this way, WHO also provides the support to the Member States in capacity building for active surveillance over the diseases and public-health events. For the purpose of IHR implementation, it is necessary to develop the minimum of national capacities, as well as to define, equip and enable the points of entry into the country: airports, ports and land crossings