Kripke Semantics and Proof Systems for Combining Intuitionistic Logic and Classical Logic

International audienceWe combine intuitionistic logic and classical logic into a new, first-order logic called Polarized Intuitionistic Logic. This logic is based on a distinction between two dual polarities which we call red and green to distinguish them from other forms of polarization. The meaning of these polarities is defined model-theoretically by a Kripke-style semantics for the logic. Two proof systems are also formulated. The first system extends Gentzen's intuitionistic sequent calculus LJ. In addition, this system also bears essential similarities to Girard's LC proof system for classical logic. The second proof system is based on a semantic tableau and extends Dragalin's multiple-conclusion version of intuitionistic sequent calculus. We show that soundness and completeness hold for these notions of semantics and proofs, from which it follows that cut is admissible in the proof systems and that the propositional fragment of the logic is decidable

Conţinutul şi componenţa uleiului esenţial la specii de Hypericum L. (sunătoare) din flora spontană a Republicii Moldova

Speciile genului Hypericum L. din flora spontană a Republicii Moldova se deosebesc prin conţinutul şi componenţa uleiului esenţial obţinut prin hidrodistilare în aparate Ginsberg din partea aeriană a plantei (Hyperici herba). H. perforatum conţine în herba 0.26% (s.u.) ulei esenţial, H. elegans – 0.15% (s.u.), H. hirsutum – 0.094% (s.u.) şi H. tetrapterum - 0.13% (s.u.). Analiza GC-MS a uleiului esenţial a demonstrat deosebiri substanţiale atât cantitative cât şi calitative. Numărul componenţilor identificaţi în uleiul esenţial al diferitor specii de Hypericum este diferit. În uleiul esenţial separat din H. perforatum L. s-au identificaţi 33 componenţi, β-cariofilen şi cariofilen oxid în concentraţii de peste 12% fiind componenţii majori, urmaţi de α-pinen (8.574%), β-cadinen (4.155%) şi β-pinen (3.216). La H. elegans în uleiul esenţial au fost identificaţi 18 componenţi, ggurjunen, aromadendren şi undecan fiind componenţii majori în concentraţii de 14.532, 13.990 şi 10.262 %, respectiv. La specia H. tetrapterum s-au identificat în uleiul esenţial 21 componenţi, iar componenţii majori sunt copaen (9.271%), α-longipinen (8.489%) urmaţi de cadinen (6.423%). În uleiul esenţial al speciei H. hirsutum au fost identificaţi numai 9 componenţi, concentraţii mai ridicate fiind atestate la cariofilen oxid (10.435%), phytol (6.056%), α-cariofilen (5.086) şi undecan (4.279)

The ongoing pursuit of neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson disease

Many agents developed for neuroprotective treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) have shown great promise in the laboratory, but none have translated to positive results in patients with PD. Potential neuroprotective drugs, such as ubiquinone, creatine and PYM50028, have failed to show any clinical benefits in recent high-profile clinical trials. This 'failure to translate' is likely to be related primarily to our incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD, and excessive reliance on data from toxin-based animal models to judge which agents should be selected for clinical trials. Restricted resources inevitably mean that difficult compromises must be made in terms of trial design, and reliable estimation of efficacy is further hampered by the absence of validated biomarkers of disease progression. Drug development in PD dementia has been mostly unsuccessful; however, emerging biochemical, genetic and pathological evidence suggests a link between tau and amyloid-β deposition and cognitive decline in PD, potentially opening up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. This Review discusses the most important 'druggable' disease mechanisms in PD, as well as the most-promising drugs that are being evaluated for their potential efficiency in treatment of motor and cognitive impairments in PD

Functional Uniform Priors for Nonlinear Modelling

This paper considers the topic of finding prior distributions when a major component of the statistical model depends on a nonlinear function. Using results on how to construct uniform distributions in general metric spaces, we propose a prior distribution that is uniform in the space of functional shapes of the underlying nonlinear function and then back-transform to obtain a prior distribution for the original model parameters. The primary application considered in this article is nonlinear regression, but the idea might be of interest beyond this case. For nonlinear regression the so constructed priors have the advantage that they are parametrization invariant and do not violate the likelihood principle, as opposed to uniform distributions on the parameters or the Jeffrey's prior, respectively. The utility of the proposed priors is demonstrated in the context of nonlinear regression modelling in clinical dose-finding trials, through a real data example and simulation. In addition the proposed priors are used for calculation of an optimal Bayesian design.Comment: submitted for publicatio

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Levisticum Officinale W.D.J. Koch Essential Oil

The chemical composition of industrially obtained Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (lovage) essential oil of Moldovan origin was analysed by means of chromatographic (GC-MS) and spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR) methods. The obtained results show that the main components of L. officinale essential oil are monoterpenic hydrocarbons which make up to 53.50% of the total number of components. L. officinale essential oil is also characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (alcohols, cetones and esters), which reaches up to 33.60%. For the first time the presence of 6-butyl-cyclohepta-1,4-diene (0.56%) and 7-formyl-4-methyl-cumarine (0.15%) in lovage essential oil is reported. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of mentioned oil were evaluated in vitro on five strains of microorganisms. It was found that lovage volatile oil (L .officinale) exhibits high antibacterial and antifungal properties in the range of concentrations 0.015-0.030%

Chromatographic Analysis of Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fatty Oil

The present paper describes biochemical (fatty oil) composition of Silybummarianum (L.) Gaertn. of Moldovan origin. The oil content of the seeds was approximately 25%. Linoleic acid (C18:2), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, is the most abundant (48.88%), followed by monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1, 31.94%) and saturated palmitic acid (C16:0, 7.61%). The RP-HPLC analysis of tocopherols composition, showed as main components α-tocopherol (23.45 mg/100g) and γ–tocopherol (5.60 mg/100g). Based on the obtained results, it was shown that the extracted oil from milk thistle seeds is rich in essential fatty acids (about 50%) and tocopherols (29.09 mg/100g) and it can be used in food preparation

Continuation-Passing Style and Strong Normalisation for Intuitionistic Sequent Calculi

The intuitionistic fragment of the call-by-name version of Curien and Herbelin's \lambda\_mu\_{\~mu}-calculus is isolated and proved strongly normalising by means of an embedding into the simply-typed lambda-calculus. Our embedding is a continuation-and-garbage-passing style translation, the inspiring idea coming from Ikeda and Nakazawa's translation of Parigot's \lambda\_mu-calculus. The embedding strictly simulates reductions while usual continuation-passing-style transformations erase permutative reduction steps. For our intuitionistic sequent calculus, we even only need "units of garbage" to be passed. We apply the same method to other calculi, namely successive extensions of the simply-typed λ-calculus leading to our intuitionistic system, and already for the simplest extension we consider (λ-calculus with generalised application), this yields the first proof of strong normalisation through a reduction-preserving embedding. The results obtained extend to second and higher-order calculi

Characterization of new nanocomposit PEPC / anthracenehalcon

Nanocomposites PEPC / ANA-Halcon (chemical formula is shown below Figure 1) were investigated. Nanocomposite coatings were obtained by the chemical solution method. PEPC and ANAHalcon were separately dissolved in benzene (Bz) well then strred for mixed not less than 24 hours, then mixed well together and later on, nanocomposite coatings were deposited on optical glass substrates by means of drops and then dried

Energy Transfer in Organic Luminophore Nanocomposites

New light-emitting layers of nanocomposites on polymer base have been obtained. As polymeric matrices the poly-N-vinylpirrolidone has been used. As organic luminophore matertials new compound from izotiocianatopropenone classes 3-(antracen-9-il)-1-(4-izotiocianatofenil)-prop-2-en-1-one (ANA-CH) were utilized. Transparent composite layers were deposited by spin-coating method on glass and quartz substrates. The morphological, optical and photoluminescence properties of the obtained nanocomposites have been investigated. An intensive photoluminescence signal has been identified in green area of the spectrum. His proposed the model of energy transfer in NC from the polymer matrix to ANA-CH luminescence centers. Nanocomposites are proposed for various practical applications