Soil Stabilization using Pro-base Technology

Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road

DRUG RESISTANT ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN ICU PATIENTS WITH A SPECIAL RELATION TO BETA-LACTAMASES PROFILE.

Introduction Since the population in intensive care units (ICU) is extremely vulnerable (reduced host defences deregulating the immune system), infections are more likely to occur there. Additionally,the route cause of these infections  is due to multiple clinical procedures and the application of invasive devices which diforms the anatomical integrity-protective barriers of patients (intubation, mechanical ventilation, vascular access, etc.). Furthermore, a number of medications can make people more vulnerable to infections, like pneumonia, by lowering their ability to cough and swallow (sedatives, muscle relaxants, etc.), or by changing their body's usual balance of nonpathogenic bacteria (e.g., stress ulcer prophylaxis). Aim: The current study seeks to evaluate the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ICU patients as well as the phenotypic development of biofilms and Beta-lactamases. Material and Methods: Before beginning the study, permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) was obtained (Reference No. SVU/VIMS/). A documented informed consent form was signed by each participant in the study. The microorganisms were identified and described using conventional microbiological techniques. A total of 142 isolates of P. aeruginosa from various clinical samples were used in the investigation, which took place over the course of a year. P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from patients that were non-repetitive were chosen for further characterization by biochemical testing and beta-lactamase profiling and biofilm formation was confirmed with standard procudure. Results: All samples obtained by the microbiology lab underwent isolation, identification, and AST pattern testing. Clinical samples over the course of one year yielded 142 isolates of P. aeruginosa, each of which was distinct. 51 (36% of 142) The majority of P. aeruginosa isolates with MDR phenotypes were found in endotracheal aspirates, then in BAL fluid, pus, and blood, and the least number were discovered in urine samples.As demonstrated in Table 2, the bulk of the positive isolates from these clinical samples came from ET aspirates and pus samples. In our investigation, a quantitative tissue culture plate technique was used. Of the 142 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 132 (93%) produced biofilms, while the remaining 10 (7%) did not, as shown in Fig.1. In accordance with Fig. 2, of the 51 MDR isolates, 14 (27%) produced ESBLs, 9 (18%) MBLs, and 5 (10) AmpCs. Of the 51 MDR phenotypes, 48 (94%) of the isolates produced biofilm, and 3 (6%) did not. A total of 142 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found, with 14 (27%) coming from female patients and 37 (73%) from male patients. As shown in Table 3 Gentamicin (60.4%) and Amikacin (66.6%) had the highest rates of resistance, followed by Ciprofloxacin (56.2%), Piperacillin (54.1%), and Aztreonam (50%) with Imipenem (10.4%) and Meropenem (12.5%) having the lowest rates of resistance. Bacterial isolates did not exhibit any PolymyxinB or Colistin resistance

Effects of bidi smoking on all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory outcomes in men from south Asia: an observational community-based substudy of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (PURE)

Background: Bidis are minimally regulated, inexpensive, hand-rolled tobacco products smoked in south Asia. We examined the effects of bidi smoking on baseline respiratory impairment, and prospectively collected data for all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory events in men from this region. Methods: This substudy of the international, community-based Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study was done in seven centres in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Men aged 35–70 years completed spirometry testing and standardised questionnaires at baseline and were followed up yearly. We used multilevel regression to compare cross-sectional baseline cardiorespiratory symptoms, spirometry measurements, and follow-up events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, respiratory events) adjusted for socioeconomic status and baseline risk factors between non-smokers, light smokers of bidis or cigarettes (≤10 pack-years), heavy smokers of cigarettes only (>10 pack-years), and heavy smokers of bidis (>10 pack-years). Findings: 14 919 men from 158 communities were included in this substudy (8438 non-smokers, 3321 light smokers, 959 heavy cigarette smokers, and 2201 heavy bidi smokers). Mean duration of follow-up was 5·6 years (range 1–13). The adjusted prevalence of self-reported chronic wheeze, cough or sputum, dyspnoea, and chest pain at baseline increased across the categories of non-smokers, light smokers, heavy cigarette smokers, and heavy bidi smokers (p<0·0001 for association). Adjusted cross-sectional age-related changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio were larger for heavy bidi smokers than for the other smoking categories. Hazard ratios (relative to non-smokers) showed increasing hazards for all-cause mortality (light smokers 1·28 [95% CI 1·02–1·62], heavy cigarette smokers 1·59 [1·13–2·24], heavy bidi smokers 1·56 [1·22–1·98]), cardiovascular events (1·45 [1·13–1·84], 1·47 [1·05–2·06], 1·55 [1·17–2·06], respectively) and respiratory events (1·30 [0·91–1·85], 1·21 [0·70–2·07], 1·73 [1·23–2·45], respectively) across the smoking categories. Interpretation: Bidi smoking is associated with severe baseline respiratory impairment, all-cause mortality, and cardiorespiratory outcomes. Stricter controls and regulation of bidis are needed to reduce the tobacco-related disease burden in south Asia. Funding: Population Health Research Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7The Lancet397102922337-236

Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at √ s = 5.02 and 13 TeV

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of √s=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within 0.8pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having |η|2GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at √s=13TeV.

Global polarization of Λ and Λ hyperons in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s N N = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV

The global polarization of Λ and Λ hyperons is measured for Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results are reported differentially as a function of collision centrality and hyperon’s transverse momentum (pT ) for the range of centrality 5–50%, 0.5 < pT < 5 GeV/c, and rapidity |y| < 0.5. The hyperon global polarization averaged for Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV is found to be consistent with zero, ⟨PH⟩(%)≈0.01±0.06(stat.)±0.03(syst.) in the collision centrality range 15–50%, where the largest signal is expected. The results are compatible with expectations based on an extrapolation from measurements at lower collision energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, hydrodynamical model calculations, and empirical estimates based on collision energy dependence of directed flow, all of which predict the global polarization values at LHC energies of the order of 0.01%

KS0\mathrm {K_S}^{0}- and (anti-)Λ\Lambda -hadron correlations in pp collisions at s=13{\sqrt{s}} = 13 TeV

International audienceTwo-particle Azimuthal correlations are measured with the ALICE apparatus in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV to explore strangeness- and multiplicity-related effects in the fragmentation of jets and the transition regime between bulk and hard production, probed with the condition that a strange meson ($\mathrm {K_S}^{0}$) or baryon ($\Lambda$) with transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm T} >3$ GeV/$c$ is produced. Azimuthal correlations between kaons or $\Lambda$ hyperons with other hadrons are presented at midrapidity for a broad range of the trigger ($3< p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {trigg} < 20$ GeV/$c$) and associated particle $p_{\mathrm T}$ (1 GeV/$c< p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {assoc} < p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {trigg}$), for minimum-bias events and as a function of the event multiplicity. The near- and away-side peak yields are compared for the case of either $\mathrm {K_S}^{0}$ or $\Lambda$(${\overline{\Lambda }}$) being the trigger particle with that of inclusive hadrons (a sample dominated by pions). In addition, the measurements are compared with predictions from PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators