A STUDY ON THE CHALLENGES OF HIV POSITIVE CHILDREN IN DAKSHINA KANNADA

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic carries with it the forces of destructions. Children are infected with HIV/AIDS through their parents by birth. Children are brought in the families where the situation is such either their parents are ill or they are single parent or orphan. Parents no longer hold jobs, families lose their breadwinners and they use their time and money to care for ill members. This situation has effects on the children’s education leads them to discontinue education because of the financial needs of the family. Same situation has been faced by the HIV negative children affected by HIV. Both infected and affected children have to face discrimination from various angles. The main aim of this research is to study the challenges faced by HIV positive children. And the objectives are to study the condition and the problems faced by the positive children and the measures to overcome the difficulties are discussed by the researcher. The information collected by using both from primary and secondary method. Interview is conducted and selected 50 samples and 10 case studies. (1, 3

Notes for genera – Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. De Not. (Art. 59)