Imunomodulacija i oksidativni stres u radnika u pjeskarenju traper platna: promjene uzrokovane izloženosti silici

Workers in denim sandblasting are at a high risk of developing silicosis, an occupational lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. The development and progress of silicosis is associated with the activation of the immune system and oxidative stress. In the former, interferon-gamma induces both neopterin release and the enzyme indoleamine [2,3]-dioxygenase (IDO) in various cells. The determination of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio and neopterin concentration has proven to be an efficient method to monitor the activation status of IDO and cellular immunity. The present study aimed to investigate whether occupational silica exposure leads to any alterations in neopterin levels, tryptophan degradation, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), agents in the antioxidant defence system. Fifty-five male denim sandblasting workers and twenty-two healthy men as controls were included. Mean neopterin and kynurenine levels, kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, and SOD activity were higher in subjects with silicosis compared to non-exposed controls (all, p<0.05). Neopterin levels and kynurenine-totryptophan ratios were positively correlated (p<0.05); however, no correlation was observed between length of employment and the measured parameters. Some of the measured parameters were significantly affected by the severity of the pathology. Our results suggest that silica exposure activates the cellular immune response. The increased neopterin levels and tryptophan degradation confirm the possibility of their use as an indicator of cellular immune response.Radnici u pjeskarenju traper platna izloženi su visokom riziku od silikoze, profesionalne plućne bolesti uzrokovane udisanjem čestica silikatne prašine. Razvoj i progresija silikoze povezani su s aktivacijom imunosnog sustava i oksidativnim stresom. Pri aktivaciji imunosnoga sustava, interferon-gama potiče otpuštanje neopterina i enzima indoleamina [2, 3]-dioksigenaze (IDO) u različitim vrstama stanica. Određivanje omjera kinurenina i triptofana te koncentracije neopterina pokazale su se učinkovitim metodama praćenja aktivacijskoga statusa IDO-a i staničnog imuniteta. Ovaj rad istražuje uzrokuje li profesionalna izloženost silici promjene u razinama neopterina, degradaciji triptofana i aktivnosti superoksid dismutaze (SOD) i katalaze (CAT), agenata u antioksidativnom obrambenom sustavu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 55 muških radnika u pjeskarenju traper platna i 22 zdrava muškarca u kontrolnoj skupini. Srednje vrijednosti razina neopterina i kinurenina, omjera kinurenina i triptofana, te aktivnosti SOD-a bile su više u radnika oboljelih od silikoze nego u kontrolnoj skupini (p<0,05). Razina neopterina i omjer kinurenina i triptofana bile su u pozitivnoj korelaciji (p<0,05). Međutim, korelacija nije uočena između mjerenih vrijednosti i radnog staža. Neke od mjerenih vrijednosti bitno su ovisile o težini patologije. Dobiveni rezultati daju naslutiti da izloženost silici uzrokuje aktivaciju staničnog imunosnog odgovora. Povećane razine neopterina i degradacije triptofana potvrđuju mogućnost njihova korištenja kao pokazatelja staničnog imunosnog odgovora

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Book 9-11; Events; 1998-1999https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/nu_scrapbook_events4/1219/thumbnail.jp

Pluractionality and the unity of the event

This paper exposes shortcomings of an analysis to singleevent plural verbs (Cusic's event-internal pluractionals) based on temporal discontinuity. It shows how to ground discontinuity on the participant used to measure out the event, by forcing breaches in the property of Mapping-to-SubObject that its theta role should have. This provides an explanation for why phases cannot be described by the same predicate applying to the whole event, which in turn exposes differences with respect to semelfactive verbs and the minimal units they are made of

Logic Programming of the Displacement Calculus

Abstract. The displacement calculus of Morrill, Valentín and Fadda (2011)[12] forms a foundation for type logical categorial grammar in which discontinuity is accommodated alongside continuity in a logic which is free of structural rules and which enjoys Cut-elimination, the subformula property, decidability, and the finite reading property. The calculus deploys a new kind of sequent calculus which we call hypersequent calculus in which types and configurations have not only external context but also internal context, in the case that they are discontinuous. In this paper we consider the logic programming of backward chaining hypersequent proof search for the displacement calculus. We show how focusing eliminates all spurious ambiguity in the fragment without antecedent tensors and we illustrate coding of the essential features of displacement. In this way we lay a basis for parsing/theorem proving for this calculus, which is being used and extended in a system CatLog currently under development

A Categorial Type Logic ⋆

Abstract. In logical categorial grammar (Morrill 2011[23], Moot and Retoré 2012[11]) syntactic structures are categorial proofs and semantic structures are intuitionistic proofs, and the syntax-semantics interface comprises a homomorphism from syntactic proofs to semantic proofs. Thereby, logical categorial grammar embodies in a pure logical form the principles of compositionality, lexicalism, and parsing as deduction. Interest has focused on multimodal versions but the advent of the (dis)placement calculus of Morrill, Valentín and Fadda (2011[21]) suggests that the role of structural rules can be reduced, and this facilitates computational implementation. In this paper we specify a comprehensive formalism of (dis)placement logic for the parser/theorem prover CatLog integrating categorial logic connectives proposed to date and illustrate with a cover grammar of the Montague fragment.

Visual semantics and ontology of eventive verbs

Various English verb classifications have been analyzed in terms of their syntactic and semantic properties, and conceptual components, such as syntactic valency, lexical semantics, and semantic/syntactic correlations. Here the visual semantics of verbs, particularly their visual roles, somatotopic effectors, and level-of-detail, is studied. We introduce the notion of visual valency and use it as a primary criterion to recategorize eventive verbs for language visualization (animation) in our intelligent multimodal storytelling system, CONFUCIUS. The visual valency approach is a framework for modelling deeper semantics of verbs. In our ontological system we consider both language and visual modalities since CONFUCIUS is a multimodal system

Identifying the Targets of the Emotions Expressed in Health Forums

International audienceIn the framework of the French project Patients’ Mind, we focus on the semi-automatic analysis of online health forums. Online health forums are areas of exchange where patients, on condition of anonymity, can talk about their personal experiences freely. These resources are a gold mine for health professionals, giving them access to patient to patient exchanges, patient to health professional exchanges and even health professional to health professional exchanges. In this paper, we focus on the emotions expressed by the authors of the messages and more precisely on the targets of these emotions. We suggest an innovative method to identify these targets, based on the notion of semantic roles and using the FrameNet resource. Our method has been successfully validated on real data set