A gestão do município de Porto Alegre no controle e proteção social da habitação, saúde e educação para a população em situação de rua

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a gestão municipal e a forma de controle das políticas públicas de habitação, saúde e educação do município de Porto Alegre para a população em situação de rua. O Movimento Nacional da População em Situação de Rua teve uma grande influência para que essas pessoas tivessem voz. A partir do Decreto 7.053/2009, no qual consiste a Política Nacional da População em Situação de Rua, é de se presumir, que houve melhorias no tratamento aos direitos básicos para essa população, porém, com o aumento do número de pessoas vivendo pelas rua, e a falta de gerenciamento do controle de dados para identificar o número exato de indivíduos, as políticas públicas acabam sendo insuficientes para atender à demanda total. Essas políticas foram demonstradas, neste trabalho, pela elaboração dos planos municipais de assistência social, saúde e educação e comparadas com a real situação de como são executadas as atividades específicas de cada ação. No contexto da assistência social é retratado pela estruturação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social juntamente com a Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadã, na educação com a Escola Porto Alegre e na saúde com o Programa Consultório na Rua. As ineficácias do município no contexto dessas políticas públicas é observada durante as análises do trabalho.Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare la gestione comunale e la forma di controllo delle politiche di edilizia residenziale pubblica, sanità e educazione nel comune da Porto Alegre per la popolazione senza dimora. Il movimento nazionale della popolazione senzatetto ha avuto una grande influenza su queste persone per avere una voce. Dal Decreto 7.053/2009, che consiste nella Politica Nazionale della Popolazione senza dimora, si presume che ci siano stati miglioramenti nel trattamento dei diritti fondamentali per questa popolazione, tuttavia, con l'aumento del numero di persone che vivono per strada e la mancanza di una gestione del controllo dei dati per identificare il numero esatto di individui, le politiche pubbliche finiscono per essere insufficienti a soddisfare la domanda totale. Queste politiche sono state dimostrate, in questo lavoro, dall'elaborazione dei piani comunali di assistenza sociale, sanitaria ed educativa e confrontate con la situazione reale di come vengono svolte le attività specifiche di ciascuna azione. Nel contesto dell'assistenza sociale è rappresentato dalla strutturazione del Sistema Unificato di Assistenza Sociale insieme alla Fondazione Assistenza Sociale e Cittadina, nell'educazione con la Scuola di Porto Alegre e in sanità con il Programma Consultório na Rua. Le inefficienze del comune nel contesto di queste politiche pubbliche sono state osservate durante l'analisi del lavoro

Physics-based Residual Kriging for dynamically evolving functional random fields

AbstractWe present a novel approach named Physics-based Residual Kriging for the statistical prediction of spatially dependent functional data. It incorporates a physical model—expressed by a partial differential equation—within a Universal Kriging setting through a geostatistical modelization of the residuals with respect to the physical model. The approach is extended to deal with sequential problems, where samples of functional data become available along consecutive time intervals, in a context where the physical and stochastic processes generating them evolve, as time intervals succeed one another. An incremental modeling is used to account for both these dynamics and the misfit between previous predictions and actual observations. We apply Physics-based Residual Kriging to forecast production rates of wells operating in a mature reservoir according to a given drilling schedule. We evaluate the predictive errors of the method in two different case studies. The first deals with a single-phase reservoir where production is supported by fluid injection, while the second considers again a single-phase reservoir but the production is driven by rock compaction

Data Assimilation with Gaussian Mixture Models using the Dynamically Orthogonal Field Equations. Part II. Applications

The properties and capabilities of the GMM-DO filter are assessed and exemplified by applications to two dynamical systems: (1) the Double Well Diffusion and (2) Sudden Expansion flows; both of which admit far-from-Gaussian statistics. The former test case, or twin experiment, validates the use of the EM algorithm and Bayesian Information Criterion with Gaussian Mixture Models in a filtering context; the latter further exemplifies its ability to efficiently handle state vectors of non-trivial dimensionality and dynamics with jets and eddies. For each test case, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made with contemporary filters. The sensitivity to input parameters is illustrated and discussed. Properties of the filter are examined and its estimates are described, including: the equation-based and adaptive prediction of the probability densities; the evolution of the mean field, stochastic subspace modes and stochastic coefficients; the fitting of Gaussian Mixture Models; and, the efficient and analytical Bayesian updates at assimilation times and the corresponding data impacts. The advantages of respecting nonlinear dynamics and preserving non-Gaussian statistics are brought to light. For realistic test cases admitting complex distributions and with sparse or noisy measurements, the GMM-DO filter is shown to fundamentally improve the filtering skill, outperforming simpler schemes invoking the Gaussian parametric distribution

Characterization of non-Gaussian conductivities and porosities with hydraulic heads, solute concentrations, and water temperatures

Reliable characterization of hydraulic parameters is important for the understanding of groundwater flow and solute transport. The normal-score ensemble Kalman filter (NS-EnKF) has proven to be an effective inverse method for the characterization of non-Gaussian hydraulic conductivities by assimilating transient piezometric head data, or solute concentration data. Groundwater temperature, an easily captured state variable, has not drawn much attention as an additional state variable useful for the characterization of aquifer parameters. In this work, we jointly estimate non-Gaussian aquifer parameters (hydraulic conductivities and porosities) by assimilating three kinds of state variables (piezometric head, solute concentration, and groundwater temperature) using the NS-EnKF. A synthetic example including seven tests is designed, and used to evaluate the ability to characterize hydraulic conductivity and porosity in a non-Gaussian setting by assimilating different numbers and types of state variables. The results show that characterization of aquifer parameters can be improved by assimilating groundwater temperature data and that the main patters of the non-Gaussian reference fields can be retrieved with more accuracy and higher precision if multiple state variables are assimilated.Financial support to carry out this work was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project CGL2014-59841-P. All data used in this analysis are available from the authors.Xu, T.; Gómez-Hernández, JJ. (2016). Characterization of non-Gaussian conductivities and porosities with hydraulic heads, solute concentrations, and water temperatures. 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