Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated grapevine accessions from southeast Turkey

INRA UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe DAVEM = Diversité et Adaptation de la Vigne et des Espèces MéditerranéennesWild grapevine genetic diversity in southeast Turkey has not been documented to date. In the present work, in order to clarify the relationships between wild and cultivated grape accessions from southeastern Turkey, 22 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci were used on 21 wild grapevine Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) and 13 cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa accessions. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 4 (VVIn16) to 20 (VVIv67) and the mean allele number per locus was 10.09. Expected locus heterozygosity ranged from 0.586 (locus VVIb01) to 0.898 (locus (VVIv67)). The three cpSSR molecular markers presented variation in size both in cultivars and in wild Turkish accessions. Two size variants were detected for cpSSR3 (106 and 107 bp) for cpSSR5 (104 and 105 bp), and for cpSSR10 (115 and 116 bp). The six alleles in wild grapevines fell into three haplotypes B, C and D. A genetic structure according to accessions taxonomic status (wild or cultivated) was revealed by UPGMA analysis. This highlighted a clear separation between domesticated and wild accessions in Turkish germplasm. The results pointed out the need to further collect and characterize this wild and cultivated grapevine germplasm

the use of AFLP and morphological markers to study iranian grapevien germplasm to avoid genetic erosion

Molecular and morphological analyses have been used to define and clarify the relationships among the 54 mostrepresentative grapevine cultivars in Iran. A total of 459 scorable AFLP fragments, across all the accessions analysed,were detected. Among these, 185 (40.3%) were polymorphic.Values of genetic diversity, calculated by the Nei and Liindex, ranged from 0 \u2013 0.3. Our results highlight cases of different cultivars displaying the same AFLP profile andsimilar morphological characteristics, proving the occurrence of synonyms in Iranian germplasm. Combining AFLPresults and morphological descriptions, two cases of wrong attribution were also observed: \u2018Saghal Solian-2\u2019 wasrenamed \u2018Mosli\u2019; and \u2018Khalili Qermez\u2019 was now called \u2018Khalili Sefid\u2019. Morphological characterisation, conductedusing the IPGRI descriptors, showed large variability among the accessions analysed, mainly in young shoot and leafcolour, and in bunch size. Although synonyms were detected, and genomic similarities were verified, geneticdifferences and the richness observed in Iranian grapevine germplasm were not high, in contrast with theirmorphological characteristics. We hypothesise that many Iranian morphotypes have been derived from mutationevents in a few ancient genotypes; however, the system of selection may result in the biodiversity of Iraniangrapevine being endangered. For this reason, our molecular and morphological characterisation will help in thedevelopment of conservation plans and in the re-organisation of local germplasm collections