The Provision of Assistance Does Not Substantially Impact the Accuracy of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls Completed Using the Automated Self-Administered 24-H Dietary Assessment Tool Among Women With Low Incomes

Background: Evidence is lacking informing the use of the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) with populations characterized by low income. Objective: This study was conducted among women with low incomes to evaluate the accuracy of ASA24 recalls completed independently and with assistance. Methods: Three hundred and two women, aged ≥18 y and with incomes below the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program thresholds, served themselves from a buffet; amounts taken as well as plate waste were unobtrusively weighed to enable calculation of true intake for 3 meals. The following day, women completed ASA24-2016 independently (n = 148) or with assistance from a trained paraprofessional in a small group (n = 154). Regression modeling examined differences by condition in agreement between true and reported foods; energy, nutrient, and food group intakes; and portion sizes. Results: Participants who completed ASA24 independently and those who received assistance reported matches for 71.9% and 73.5% (P = 0.56) of items truly consumed, respectively. Exclusions (consumed but not reported) were highest for lunch (at which participants consumed approximately 2 times the number of distinct foods and beverages compared with breakfast and dinner). Commonly excluded foods were additions to main dishes (e.g., tomatoes in salad). On average, excluded foods contributed 43.6 g (46.2 kcal) and 40.1 g (43.2 kcal) among those in the independent and assisted conditions, respectively. Gaps between true and reported intake were different between conditions for folate and iron. Within conditions, significant gaps were observed for protein, vitamin D, and meat (both conditions); vitamin A, iron, and magnesium (independent); and folate, calcium, and vegetables (assisted). For foods and beverages for which matches were reported, no difference in the gap between true and reported portion sizes was observed by condition (P = 0.22). Conclusions: ASA24 performed relatively well among women with low incomes; however, accuracy was somewhat lower than previously observed among adults with a range of incomes. The provision of assistance did not significantly impact accuracy

Purine Biosynthesis Metabolically Constrains Intracellular Survival of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

The ability to de novo synthesize purines has been associated with the intracellular survival of multiple bacterial pathogens. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the predominant cause of urinary tract infections, undergoes a transient intracellular lifestyle during which bacteria clonally expand into multicellular bacterial communities within the cytoplasm of bladder epithelial cells. Here, we characterized the contribution of the conserved de novo purine biosynthesis-associated locus cvpA-purF to UPEC pathogenesis. Deletion of cvpA-purF, or of purF alone, abolished de novo purine biosynthesis but did not impact bacterial adherence properties in vitro or in the bladder lumen. However, upon internalization by bladder epithelial cells, UPEC deficient in de novo purine biosynthesis was unable to expand into intracytoplasmic bacterial communities over time, unless it was extrachromosomally complemented. These findings indicate that UPEC is deprived of purine nucleotides within the intracellular niche and relies on de novo purine synthesis to meet this metabolic requirement

Experiencing the postcolonial museum: Space, (re)presentation, and praxis in the Latino New South project

The southeastern United States saw its Latino population grow nearly sixty percent between 2000 and 2010, making it now the fastest growing Latino region in the country. In light of this, how do local spaces, namely museums, respond to demographic changes in their community, with particular attention to the growing visibility of these marginalized peoples? This paper reexamines James Clifford’s 1997 concept of “museums as contacts zones” with the ¡NUEVOlution!: Latinos and the New South exhibit at the Levine Museum of the New South in Charlotte, North Carolina, as a case study. As the museum works to be both an educational space and an experience through its collections and exhibitions, it aims to extend and complicate the South\u27s black-and-white history while creating conversations about learning to live and re-negotiate space in a post-World War II South. In conjunction with post-colonial narratives being produced about and within museum studies, my research aims to unpack how the Levine Museum structures itself and its programming to institutionally collaborate and consult with the Latino community it attempts to “authentically” historicize in its newest exhibit, noting a large disjunction in the power dynamics between collaboration and consultation

Pilot Test of an Online ASA24 Training With EFNEP Educators

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and usability of an online training to prepare Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) educators to collect 24-hr dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). Fifty-eight educators in 17 states were recruited to take the training; 29 completed the online training, assisted two individuals in completing a 24-hr recall using ASA24, and completed a survey about their experiences. The sample included 26 respondents. The majority (n = 16; 61.5%) of the sample was EFNEP educators with college education. The majority of the respondents indicated that they found the readings and videos acceptable for learning (n = 21; 80.7%). Half of the participants (n = 13) felt prepared to collect data using ASA24. The majority (n = 22; 84.6%) had positive feedback about the training content. The training may be acceptable for preparing EFNEP educators with at least some college education to collect 24-hr recalls using ASA24. Because of potential bias due to self-selection and nonresponse, the training has been revised and is now intended to be used to train trainers of EFNEP paraprofessionals

Purine biosynthesis metabolically constrains intracellular survival of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

© 2016 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The ability to de novo synthesize purines has been associated with the intracellular survival of multiple bacterial pathogens. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the predominant cause of urinary tract infections, undergoes a transient intracellular lifestyle during which bacteria clonally expand into multicellular bacterial communities within the cytoplasm of bladder epithelial cells. Here, we characterized the contribution of the conserved de novo purine biosynthesis-associated locus cvpA-purF to UPEC pathogenesis. Deletion of cvpA-purF, or of purF alone, abolished de novo purine biosynthesis but did not impact bacterial adherence properties in vitro or in the bladder lumen. However, upon internalization by bladder epithelial cells, UPEC deficient in de novo purine biosynthesis was unable to expand into intracytoplasmic bacterial communities over time, unless it was extrachromosomally complemented. These findings indicate that UPEC is deprived of purine nucleotides within the intracellular niche and relies on de novo purine synthesis to meet this metabolic requirement

Correction to: A Multi-center, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety and Tolerability of IGSC 20% in Subjects with Primary Immunodeficiency.

[Purpose] The purpose of this phase 3 study was to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% Caprylate/Chromatography Purified (IGSC 20%) in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PI).[Methods] Immunoglobulin treatment-experienced subjects with PI received 52 weeks of IGSC 20% given weekly at the same dose as the subject’s previous IgG regimen (DAF 1:1); the minimum dose was 100 mg/kg/week. The primary endpoint was serious bacterial infections (SBIs [null vs alternative hypothesis: SBI rate per person per year ≥ 1 vs  12–16 years], and 32 adults) were enrolled. The rate of SBIs per person per year was 0.017. The 1-sided 99% upper confidence limit was 0.036 (< 1), and the null hypothesis was rejected. The rate of hospitalization due to infection per person per year was 0.017 (2-sided 95% confidence interval: 0.008–0.033) overall. The mean trough total IgG concentrations were comparable to the previous IgG replacement regimen. The average of the individual mean trough ratios (IGSC 20%:previous regimen) was 1.078 (range: 0.83–1.54). The average steady-state mean trough IgG concentrations were 947.64 and 891.37 mg/dL, respectively. Seven subjects had serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); none was drug-related. The rate of all TEAEs, including local infusion site reactions, during 3045 IGSC 20% infusions was 0.135. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate.[Conclusions] IGSC 20% demonstrated efficacy and good safety and tolerability in subjects with PI.This study was funded in full by Grifols.Peer reviewe