Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Quality in the Brazilian Population During Social Isolation Due to the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: the DEGAS-CoV Study/ Avaliação da Depressão, Ansiedade e Qualidade do Sono na População Brasileira Durante o Isolamento Social Devido à Nova Pandemia do Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2): o Estudo DEGAS-CoV

Introduction: The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has caused distress and repercussions in mental and physical health of individuals. Depression, anxiety and worsening of sleep quality have been reported in several recent articles that surveyed populations all over the globe. Our work meant to access, through a cross-sectional study, these disorders in the Brazilian population, through the application of an online questionnaire conducted on the second trimester of 2020. Materials and Methods: We applied an online questionnaire, filled with questions regarding social, economic, financial, educational and health status, as well as questions from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results: We collected 2,695 valid answers, from April 24th to May 31st, 2020. Age ranged from 18 to 79 years, mean of 31.3. Women were 76.3%, men 23.7%. Symptoms of Anxiety were found in 56.5%, of depression in 46.1%, and of bad sleep in 49.2%. Some groups were more prone than others to one or more of those conditions, such as: younger people, women, mestizos, people with lesser years of education, of lower income or whose income dropped significantly during the pandemic, caregivers, students, sedentary or people practicing less physical activity, people who followed more hours of news of COVID-19 and those less engaged in social and instrumental activities.Conclusion: anxiety, depression and bad sleep quality were significantly high in our survey. Mental and sleep health is heterogeneously affected among individuals, depending on social, economic, financial, educational and health status

A LysM and SH3-Domain Containing Region of the Listeria monocytogenes p60 Protein Stimulates Accessory Cells to Promote Activation of Host NK Cells

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection induces rapid and robust activation of host natural killer (NK) cells. Here we define a region of the abundantly secreted Lm endopeptidase, p60, that potently but indirectly stimulates NK cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Lm expression of p60 resulted in increased IFNγ production by naïve NK cells co-cultured with treated dendritic cells (DCs). Moreover, recombinant p60 protein stimulated activation of naive NK cells when co-cultured with TLR or cytokine primed DCs in the absence of Lm. Intact p60 protein weakly digested bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN), but neither muropeptide recognition by RIP2 nor the catalytic activity of p60 was required for NK cell activation. Rather, the immune stimulating activity mapped to an N-terminal region of p60, termed L1S. Treatment of DCs with a recombinant L1S polypeptide stimulated them to activate naïve NK cells in a cell culture model. Further, L1S treatment activated NK cells in vivo and increased host resistance to infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). These studies demonstrate an immune stimulating function for a bacterial LysM domain-containing polypeptide and suggest that recombinant versions of L1S or other p60 derivatives can be used to promote NK cell activation in therapeutic contexts

Type 1 diabetes: translating mechanistic observations into effective clinical outcomes

Type 1 diabetes remains an important health problem, particularly in Western countries where the incidence has been increasing in younger children(1). In 1986, Eisenbarth described Type 1 diabetes as a chronic autoimmune disease. Work over the past 3 ½ decades has identified many of the genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors that are involved in the disease and have led to hypotheses concerning its pathogenesis. Based on these findings, clinical trials have been conducted to test these hypotheses but have had mixed results. In this review, we discuss the findings that have led to current concepts of the disease mechanisms, how this understanding has prompted clinical studies, and the results of these studies. The findings from preclinical and clinical studies support the original proposed model for how type 1 diabetes develops, but have also suggested that this disease is more complex than originally thought and will require broader treatment approaches

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons

The SIV isoform of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CXADR) has an unexpected subcellular distribution in human pancreatic beta cells

This is the author accepted manuscript.Meeting Abstrac

Studio- ja konserttiliveäänitteen erot : äänittämisen, miksaamisen ja taiteellisen tuottamisen metodit ja periaatteet

Opinnäytetyöni tarkoitus oli tutkia konserttiliven taltioimisen ja studioäänittämisen, sekä näiden miksauksien eroja. Vaikka kummassakin tapauksessa on teknisesti kyse samasta asiasta, käytännön tasolla niissä on paljon eroja. Äänitteen tunnelma ja vaikutelma on sidonnainen moneen muuhunkin asiaan, kuin oikein valittuihin mikitystekniikoihin ja akustisesti ammattimaisiin tiloihin. Kirjallisessa osiossa käsittelin näiden keskenään erilaisten lähestymistapojen teknistä ja taiteellista toteutusta vaiheittain. Toin esiin paljon omia kokemuksia ja tekemisen kautta opittuja asioita, sekä hyväksi todettuja ratkaisuja. Työn mediaosuutena oli kaksi äänitettä, jotka edustavat kumpaakin työtapaa. Suurin osa kirjallisesta läpikäynnistä viittasi näihin kahteen teokseen, mutta toin esiin myös esimerkkejä aikaisemmista kokemuksistani. Kuten aluksi olin odottanutkin, työtavoissa ilmeni runsaasti teknisiä samankaltaisuuksia. Ajatusmaailman ja suhtautumistavan tärkeys kuitenkin korostui yli odotusten. Äänittäminen voi olla teknisempää kuin miksaaminen, mutta äänittäjän kyky toimia ihmisten kanssa ja tehdä kauaskantoisia ratkaisuja vaikuttaa suoraan lopullisen tuotteen laatuun. Miksaamisen olen oppinut näkemään yhä enemmän ensisijaisesti taiteellisena prosessina, kuin teknisenä toteuttamisena.The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the recording and mixing of live and studio performances. From the technical perspective, both seem to be very similar but there are major differences underneath. The feeling and atmosphere in a recording are bound to a variety of aspects, rather than only being a technical process combined with professional recording facilities. The literary part of this study was to elaborate the differences of these two perspectives from a technical and artistic point of view. The thesis introduced many personal experiences of the subject, matters that I have learnt by doing and various practical solutions well proven. The media part consisted of two stereo recordings that I have made representing two different styles of recording. Most of the literary part referred to these two recordings, but some examples of my earlier experiences were also brought forth. As expected, there were many technical similarities between the two methods. However, the importance of thinking and finding the most suitable point of view to the project was emphasized. The recording process might be more technical than mixing, but the ability to co-operate and to make far-reaching decisions is an important feature for a recorder to be harnessed to directly affect the quality of the final product. I have learnt to consider mixing more as a creative process than technical labor