El tratamiento informativo de los hechos en las plataformas 2.0

El artículo hace una reflexión sobre el surgimiento de los nuevos medios digitales, tras el desarrollo de las plataformas 2.0, y el tratamiento informativo en medios de comunicación innovadores y de características horizontales. El desarrollo de la web 2.0 se basa en una serie de proyectos que evolucionaron del campo experimental hacia grandes negocios, siendo gran parte de carácter colaborativo y de acceso gratuito. Planteamos un estudio comparativo de cinco hechos informativos en un ciberperiodico -de origen tradicional y con publicación impresa-, y en otros cuatro medios de comunicación con presencia on-line para investigar el surgimiento de nuevos estilos periodísticosThe article reflects on the emergence of new digital media, following the 2.0 platform development, and treatment information in innovative media and horizontal features. The development of Web 2.0 is based on a series of projects that evolved from experimental to big business, with much of collaborative and free access. We propose a comparative study of five events in a news cyberjournal traditional home-and-print publication, and four other media on-line presence to investigate the emergence of new journalistic styles

Experimental Study of Down-the-Hole Percussive Drilling

In the literature of percussive drilling, several laboratory and field experimental studies have reported the existence of optimum drilling states. The rate of penetration increases with axial thrust (weight-on-bit) up to an optimal value, beyond which it decreases with further increase of thrust. In this research project, novel laboratory and field experiments were carried out to investigate whether the occurrence of optimum drilling states stems from an intrinsic property of the bit-rock interface

Aging effects on the statistical and structural properties of the fornix of the brain

The brain consists of a complex network of axons, transmitting electrical impulses between interconnected neurons across distances that range from fractions of millimeters to meters. Myelinated axons, or nerve fibers, are axons that are wrapped by a myelin sheath, serving as an electrical insulation that increases the propagation speed of the signal along the nerve fiber while conserving the energy consumed and the space needed to maintain such propagation speed without myelin. Changes in the axon and surrounding myelin sheath during development and aging, or as a consequence of pathology, affect conduction and the proper functioning of the axon bundles. It is therefore important to be able to quantify the properties of these axons and their bundles and to discern which features best characterize the observed differences. We study the effects of aging on the myelinated axons in the fornix of the brain. The fornix is the principal subcortical output tract of the hippocampal formation, which plays a central role in memory. We obtain a collection of 328 high-quality electron micrographs from the fornix of 25 different rhesus monkey brains, ranging from young adults to the elderly, with both males and females. In this work, we develop a novel advanced recognition algorithm for automatically identifying myelinated axons and their surrounding myelin sheath. We extract multiple features of the nerve fibers and fully characterize their spatial structure. Using a feature selection algorithm, we discriminate between young and aged rhesus monkeys with a high level of accuracy and pinpoint the differences in the aging process at the ultrastructural level across the life span. We observe a decline in the density of myelinated axons as well as in the fraction of occupied axon area with age, while the average axon area shows no dependence on the age of the subjects. We show an increase in the myelin thickness of axons for the female subjects, while no dependence is observed for the male subjects. This sex dichotomy is also present in the g-ratio of the myelinated axons, i.e., the ratio of the axon diameter to the fiber diameter. The method detailed here could be adapted to enable recognition in other areas as well as for changes caused by brain pathologies or by developmental disorders. Furthermore, the data collected will ultimately be useable in better modeling conduction properties in myelinated axons and better understanding how the aging process affects them

Oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy

In this review, we discuss the use of oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy treatments in general, with a particular focus on adenoviruses. These serve as a model to elucidate how versatile viruses are, and how they can be used to complement other cancer therapies to gain optimal patient benefits. Historical reports from over a hundred years suggest treatment efficacy and safety with adenovirus and other oncolytic viruses. This is confirmed in more contemporary patient series and multiple clinical trials. Yet, while the first viruses have already been granted approval from several regulatory authorities, room for improvement remains. As good safety and tolerability have been seen, the oncolytic virus field has now moved on to increase efficacy in a wide array of approaches. Adding different immunomodulatory transgenes to the viruses is one strategy gaining momentum. Immunostimulatory molecules can thus be produced at the tumor with reduced systemic side effects. On the other hand, preclinical work suggests additive or synergistic effects with conventional treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the newly introduced checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs could make perfect companions to oncolytic viruses. Especially tumors that seem not to be recognized by the immune system can be made immunogenic by oncolytic viruses. Logically, the combination with checkpoint inhibitors is being evaluated in ongoing trials. Another promising avenue is modulating the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic viruses to allow T cell therapies to work in solid tumors. Oncolytic viruses could be the next remarkable wave in cancer immunotherapy.Peer reviewe

Oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy

In this review, we discuss the use of oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy treatments in general, with a particular focus on adenoviruses. These serve as a model to elucidate how versatile viruses are, and how they can be used to complement other cancer therapies to gain optimal patient benefits. Historical reports from over a hundred years suggest treatment efficacy and safety with adenovirus and other oncolytic viruses. This is confirmed in more contemporary patient series and multiple clinical trials. Yet, while the first viruses have already been granted approval from several regulatory authorities, room for improvement remains. As good safety and tolerability have been seen, the oncolytic virus field has now moved on to increase efficacy in a wide array of approaches. Adding different immunomodulatory transgenes to the viruses is one strategy gaining momentum. Immunostimulatory molecules can thus be produced at the tumor with reduced systemic side effects. On the other hand, preclinical work suggests additive or synergistic effects with conventional treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the newly introduced checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs could make perfect companions to oncolytic viruses. Especially tumors that seem not to be recognized by the immune system can be made immunogenic by oncolytic viruses. Logically, the combination with checkpoint inhibitors is being evaluated in ongoing trials. Another promising avenue is modulating the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic viruses to allow T cell therapies to work in solid tumors. Oncolytic viruses could be the next remarkable wave in cancer immunotherapy.Peer reviewe

A non-local perturbation of the logistic equation in IR N

A logistic equation in the whole space is considered. In this problem, a non-local perturbation is included. We establish a new sub-supersolution method forgeneral nonlocal elliptic equations and, consequently, we obtain the existence ofpositive solutions of a nonlocal logistic equation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). EspañaEuropean Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. BrasilCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Brasi

Avaliação do infiltrado de macrófagos na parede arterial de pacientes com arterite de takayasu.

Introduction – Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects large arteries, such as the aorta and its main branches. The inflammatory infiltrate of the arterial wall consists of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells. No studies have evaluated macrophages phenotypes present in the inflammatory infiltrate of the arterial walls in patients with TA. Objective – The primary aim of this study was to evaluate which macrophage phenotype is predominant in the inflammatory infiltration in the aorta of patients with TA. Secondary study aims were to compare the frequency of macrophages, T cells, B cells and NK cells in the aorta from TA patients, patients with atherosclerotic disease (AD) and healthy controls (HC); to describe the predominant localization of macrophages in the aorta from TA patients; to analyze associations between infiltration of macrophages and T cells, B cells and NK cells in the arterial wall and clinical disease activity, histological disease activity, concomitant atherosclerotic lesions and prednisone use. Materials and Methods – We performed a cross-sectional study using immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of macrophages (CD68), T cells (CD3), B cells (CD20), NK cells (CD56), as well as M1 (CD86) and M2 (CD206) macrophages in inflammatory infiltration in the aorta from TA patients (n = 22), patients with AD of the aorta (n = 9) and HC (n = 8). Results – The thoracic aorta was assessed in 86.4% of TA patients, in 77.8% of patients with atherosclerotic disease and in 100% of controls. The abdominal aorta was evaluated in remainder. The surgical procedure was performed at the time of diagnosis in 54.5% of patients with TA. Clinical activity of the disease was observed in 54.5% of cases, histological activity in 40.9% and atherosclerotic lesions in 27.3% of patients with TA. Only 36.3% of the patients with TA were on glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive and/or biologic agents. The frequency of macrophages, M1 macrophages, T cells, B cells and NK cells was higher in the aorta from TA and AD patients compared with HC, but no differences were found among all groups for M2 macrophages. In TA, macrophages and T cells were the most abundant cells in the aorta while M2 macrophages were more frequently found than M1 macrophages. No differences were found concerning macrophages, T cells, Bcells or NK cells between TA patients presenting active disease and those in remission nor between TA patients with and without concomitant atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. T cells were more frequent in the aorta of TA patients with active disease based on histological evaluation compared with those presenting chronic fibrotic lesions, but no differences were found in the expression of macrophage markers. The use of prednisone was associated with a significantly lower T cell count in the aorta of TA patients whereas no differences were observed for other cell markers. Conclusions – M2 macrophages are more frequently found in the aorta of TA patients than M1 macrophages. Macrophages and T cells are the most frequent cells in the inflammatory infiltrate in the aorta of TA patients. T cells were associated with histological disease activity and with prednisone use in TAK but not macrophages.Introdução – A arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma vasculite sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida que afeta grandes artérias, como a aorta e seus principais ramos. O infiltrado inflamatório da parede arterial é composto por macrófagos, células gigantes multinucleadas, células NK (natural killer), neutrófilos e linfócitos T CD4+, linfócitos CD8+ e linfócitos T γδ. Não há estudos avaliando os fenótipos de macrófagos presentes no infiltrado inflamatório da parede arterial em pacientes com AT. Objetivos – O objetivo primário foi avaliar qual fenótipo dos macrófagos M1 / M2 é predominante no infiltrado inflamatório na aorta de pacientes com AT. Os objetivos secundários foram: comparar a frequência de macrófagos, linfócitos T, linfócitos B e de células NK na aorta de pacientes com AT, indivíduos com doença aterosclerótica (DA) da aorta e controles saudáveis (CS); descrever a localização preferencial da infiltrado de macrófagos nas camadas da parede da aorta em pacientes com AT e analisar associações entre a frequência de macrófagos, linfócitos T, linfócitos B e células NK na aorta com atividade clínica de doença, atividade histológica, lesões ateroscleróticas e uso de prednisona. Material e Métodos – Foi realizado estudo transversal utilizando a técnica de imunohistoquímica para avaliar a expressão de CD68 (macrófagos), CD3 (linfócitos T), CD20 (linfócitos B), CD56 (células NK) e de CD86 e CD206, marcadores de macrófagos M1 e M2 em infiltrados inflamatórios na aorta de pacientes com AT (n = 22), AD (n = 9) e CS (n = 8). Resultados – A aorta torácica foi avaliada em 86,4% dos pacientes com AT, em 77,8% dos pacientes com DA e em 100% dos CS. A aorta abdominal foi avaliada nos demais casos. O procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado no momento do diagnóstico em 54,5% dos pacientes com AT. Atividade clínica da doença foi observada em 54,5% dos casos, atividade histológica em 40,9% e lesões ateroscleróticas em 27,3% dos pacientes com AT. Apenas 36,3% dos pacientes com AT estavam em terapia com glicocorticoides, imunossupressores e/ou agentes biológicos. A frequência de macrófagos, macrófagos M1, linfócitos T, linfócitos B e de células NK foi significativamente maior na aorta de pacientes com AT e DA em relação a CS, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao macrófago M2. Macrófagos e linfócitos T foram as células mais frequentemente encontradas na aorta de pacientes viii com AT, enquanto os macrófagos M2 foram mais frequentes que os M1. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto a expressão de marcadores de macrófagos, linfócitos T, linfócitos B e de células NK quanto a atividade de doença ou quanto à presença de lesões ateroscleróticas concomitantes na AT. A frequência de linfócitos T é significativamente maior em pacientes com atividade histológica da AT, em comparação àqueles que apresentam apenas lesões fibróticas, mas nenhuma diferença foi observada quanto a frequência de macrófagos e de suas subpopulações. O uso de prednisona se associou a menor frequência de linfócitos T na aorta de pacientes com AT. Conclusões – Os macrófagos M2 são mais frequentes na parede da aorta de pacientes com AT, em relação aos macrófagos M1. Macrófagos e linfócitos T são as células mais encontradas no infiltrado inflamatório na aorta de pacientes com AT. Atividade histológica se associa a maior frequência de linfócitos T, enquanto o uso de prednisona leva à redução significativa de linfócitos T na parede arterial de pacientes com AT.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2019

Привлечение иностранного капитала в Украину путем выпуска еврооблигаций

In mountain ecosystems, species can be said to respond synchronously to environmental change when the elevation ranges of vegetation types and their associated vertebrates expand or contract in the same direction. Conversely, the response is asynchronous when the elevation ranges of vegetation types and associated vertebrates change in different directions. The capacity of vertebrate species to respond synchronously with change in the elevation ranges of the vegetation that comprises their habitat is likely a function of their ecological traits. Here we combine measures of elevation range shifts in 23 vertebrate species with those of their associated vegetation types across 80 yr, on a large elevation transect in California's Sierra Nevada mountains that encompasses Yosemite National Park. Half the species’ shifts were synchronous with vegetation shifts, ¼ of the species were asynchronous, and the others showed no relationship. Most species that responded synchronously to changes in vegetation elevation ranges expanded their elevation range, and are inhabitants of low and intermediate elevations. In contrast, those species whose range shifts were asynchronous to associated vegetation shifts inhabit high elevations. These species experienced contraction in elevation range even while their associated vegetation types expanded. However, these species were responding synchronously to a subset of their associated vegetation types. Considering trait-based predictors, omnivores were more synchronous than herbivores. Our results on synchronous and asynchronous elevation shifts with vegetation may permit more accurate modeling of future ranges for vertebrates in California's Sierra Nevada. The approach also offers a new method for use in assessment of vertebrate vulnerability in other mountain regions, and can be an important component of assessing their vulnerability to climate change