7. Comme des bêtes. Essay Review

Essay Review: Recension de Pierre Serna, Comme des bêtes. Histoire politique de l’animal en Révolution (1750-1848), Paris: Fayard, 2017

Perversion or perversity? Genealogy of a medical-legal debate

O artigo analisa as condições de formação do conceito psiquiátrico de “perversão” e mais especificamente a maneira como, a partir dos anos 1820, se constrói uma oposição fundamental e estruturante entre “perversão” e “perversidade” que se evidencia tanto no campo jurídico como no médico-legal. Compreender esse jogo de oposição e de poder entre ambos os conceitos permite entender alguns conflitos profissionais entre médicos e juristas, mas também algumas disputas políticas.The article analyzes the conditions of formation of the psychiatric concept of “perversion” and, more specifically, the way in which, from the 1820s, a fundamental structuring opposition between “perversion” and “perversity” in juridical and medical-legal fields was constructed. Understanding this game of opposition and power between both concepts allows assimilating some professional conflicts between doctors and jurists, as well as some political disputes

Biopolítica y zootecnia

En este trabajo se pretende estudiar, a partir del siglo XVII, en qué la constitución dela especie y de los hombres como “seres vivos” en objetos de gobierno –lo que MichelFoucault cali!ca de “biopoder”– establece la posibilidad de transferencia de técnicasy de problemas que conciernen al gobierno de los otros seres vivos –en particular losanimales– al gobierno de los hombres. Se analiza de qué manera la cría y la zootecniase convierten en matrices decisivas para pensar la política, esbozando dos líneas: la delas tecnologías del instinto y la del mejoramiento de la especie. Luego se centra sobreesta segunda línea, analizando el dispositivo estatal de mejoramiento, de importacióny de conservación de las razas de caballos que se implementa a partir de Colbert,como un modelo de biopoder, antes de estudiar ciertas posibilidades de transferenciaal punto de vista de los hombres

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

"Biopolitica y zootecnia"

International audienceThis paper aims to study from the seventeenth century, in which way the constitution as objects of government of men and the species as ''living beings'' –what Michel Foucault calls ''biopower''– provides the ability to transfer techniques and problems concerning the government of other living beings-animals-particularly in the government of men. It shows how farming and animal husbandry matrices become crucial to think politics, outlining two lines: the instinct technologies and the improvement of the species. It then focuses on the second line by analyzing the state of improvement device, import and conservation of breeds of horses from Colbert implements, biopower as a model before studying transferability certain point of view men.En este trabajo se pretende estudiar, a partir del siglo XVII, en qué la constitución de la especie y de los hombres como ''seres vivos'' en objetos de gobierno –lo que Michel Foucault califica de ''biopoder''– establece la posibilidad de transferencia de técnicas y de problemas que conciernen al gobierno de los otros seres vivos –en particular los animales– al gobierno de los hombres. Se analiza de qué manera la cría y la zootecnia se convierten en matrices decisivas para pensar la política, esbozando dos líneas: la de las tecnologías del instinto y la del mejoramiento de la especie. Luego se centra sobre esta segunda línea, analizando el dispositivo estatal de mejoramiento, de importación y de conservación de las razas de caballos que se implementa a partir de Colbert, como un modelo de biopoder, antes de estudiar ciertas posibilidades de transferencia al punto de vista de los hombres

Race et médecine

Cet article propose de prendre un peu de distance vis-à-vis du retour actuel de la notion de « race » dans le champ biomédical, en examinant le lien intime qui existe entre pensée médicale et problématique de la race lors de l’émergence du concept naturaliste de « race » aux XVIIIe-XIXe siècles. Il montre comment l’analogie avec les pathologies a été mobilisée alors par les naturalistes pour penser la « race » comme altération d’une identité d’origine, à travers, d’une part, le modèle des tempéraments maladifs, d’autre part celui des maladies héréditaires

Race and Genealogy. Buffon and the Formation of the Concept of “Race”

This article analyses the conditions of formation of the concept of “race” in natural history in the middle of the eighteenth century. Relying on the method of historical epistemology to avoid some of the aporias raised by the traditional historiography of “racism”, it focuses on the peculiarities of the concept of “race” in contrast to other similar concepts such as “variety”, “species” and tries to answer the following questions: to what extent the concept of “race” was integrated in natural history’s discourses before the middle of the eighteenth century? To which kind of concepts and problems was it linked and to which style of reasoning did it pertain? To which conditions could it enter natural history and develop in it? The article argues that “race” pertained to a genealogical style of reasoning which was largely extraneous to natural history before the middle of the eighteenth century. Natural history was rather dominated by a different style of reasoning, a logical and classificatory style, whose principles and concepts were strong obstacles to the development of a concept of “race”. To understand how the concept of “race” developed in natural history, one should understand how the genealogical style of reasoning entered natural history and modified the very principles of classification that organized it. I try to establish that it is through Buffon and some of the main authors of the “monogenist” tradition that the most fundamental conditions for the integration of a genealogical style of reasoning and the development of a concept of “race” are met. To put it clearly, in contrast to many scholars’ analysis – and following some intuitions of P.R Sloan – I argue that Buffon in particular, and monogenism in general, were decisive in the integration and development of the concept of “race” in natural history

Biopolitics & Zootechnics

This paper aims to study from the seventeenth century, in which way the constitution as objects of government of men and the species as "living beings” –what Michel Foucault calls "biopower"– provides the ability to transfer techniques and problems concerning the government of other living beings-animals-particularly in the government of men. It shows how farming and animal husbandry matrices become crucial to think politics, outlining two lines: the instinct technologies and the improvement of the species. It then focuses on the second line by analyzing the state of improvement device, import and conservation of breeds of horses from Colbert implements, biopower as a model before studying transferability certain point of view men

"L’émergence du concept de « santé mentale » dans les années 1940-1960 : genèse d’une psycho-politique"

International audienceL’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur l’histoire du concept de « santé mentale ». Il n’est pas indifférent, en effet, que l’ensemble d’un champ de savoirs et de dispositifs pratiques prétende s’organiser, à un moment donné, autour de la santé mentale et non, comme ce put être le cas à d’autres périodes, autour de l’aliénation, voire autour de la prophylaxie des maladies mentales. Quelles sont les conséquences de ce choix relativement récent concernant l’organisation des politiques publiques autour de ce champ

« « Ce que soin veut dire. » Quelques réflexions à propos d’une substitution de mots dans la loi du 5 juillet 2011 »

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