Gestión de la innovación curricular en el modelo del País Vasco: el caso de Lauaxeta Ikastola

Tesis (Magíster en Dirección y Liderazgo para la Gestión Educacional)En el ámbito de la educación, innovar se refiere a mejorar, transformar e impactar en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes que se encuentran al centro de la acción institucional, ya sea integrando dimensiones tan diversas como la introducción de nuevas propuestas metodológicas, la iniciativa, la aceptación del riesgo o el desarrollo de aspectos tales como la colaboración y la articulación curricular. Sin embargo, cabe preguntarse: ¿Cómo se está llevando a cabo la innovación curricular en el país Vasco? ¿Se declara la innovación en su curriculum y se implementan sus directrices en forma real en sus escuelas? ¿Cuáles son los factores que inciden en el éxito de esta gestión? ¿Es posible replicar un modelo como este en escuelas chilenas? El siguiente artículo busca dar respuesta a estas interrogantes basándose en un estudio y el análisis de un caso de éxito, gestado en la institución Ikastola Lauaxeta, certificada bajo el modelo EFQM en el País Vasco, España.In the education field, innovation refers to improving, transforming and impacting the learning of students which are at the center of institutional action, either by integrating dimensions as diverse as the introduction of new methodological proposals, initiative, acceptance of risk or the development of aspects such as collaboration and curriculum coordination. However, one must ask: How is curricular innovation being carried out in the Basque country? Is innovation included in your curriculum and is your guidelines implemented in real form in your schools? What are the factors that influence the success of this management? Is it possible to replicate a model like this in chilean schools? The following article seeks to answer these questions based on the study and analysis of a successful case, developed at the institution Ikastola Lauaxeta, certified under the EFQM model in the Basque Country, Spain

Remuneración proveniente del trabajo familiar

Within the labor legal system, the concept of family work is prescribed, as a form of work, in article 273 of the Labor Code. This article, reflecting the will of the labor legislator, establishes as a constituent element of this concept that the family worker is not remunerated. This condition causes this type of work to be excluded from labor regulations because of its lack of remuneration elements...Dentro del ordenamiento jurídico laboral, la figura del trabajo familiar se encuentra prescrita, como modalidad de trabajo, en el artículo 273 del Código de Trabajo. Dicho artículo, reflejando la voluntad del legislador laboral, establece como elemento constitutivo de esta figura que el trabajador familiar no sea asalariado. Condición con la cual, esta modalidad de trabajo queda excluida de la normativa laboral al carecer del elemento de remuneración..

Is it worth the risk? Grievances and street protest participation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile

The COVID-19 pandemic started in Chile as the country was experiencing massive protests and a deep political crisis. Sanitary measures restricting movement and gatherings were implemented while the process of constitutional change responding to this crisis developed. In this context of conflict, we study why people continued participating in street protests despite the restrictions and the health risks involved. Using two surveys, we test key factors addressed in extant scholarship: biographical availability, perceived risks, and grievances. We find that grievances related to the pandemic were the most important factor, while biographical availability was much less relevant in the pandemic context. There is no evidence that perceived health risks mattered when deciding whether to join a street protest or not. These results suggest that under conditions of political crisis, grievances related to the administration of the pandemic can motivate political participation even when the latter put people's health at risk

Capacidade preditiva da flexibilidade cognitiva e do planejamento nas competências matemáticas precoces

It has been shown that early mathematical competencies play an important role in the learning of this discipline and that both cognitive flexibility and planning favor this process. However, most research has related executive functions to general mathematical outcomes, without taking into account that this discipline includes several components that vary in their cognitive complexity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the predictive capacity of cognitive flexibility and planning in the logical-relational and numerical mathematical competencies of 106 children in early childhood education in Chilean schools, who were evaluated with two executive tasks and a test of early mathematical competencies. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were used for data analysis. The results showed that cognitive flexibility was a significant predictor of both logical-relational and numerical mathematical competencies, while planning was only a significant predictor of numerical competencies. These results confirm the importance of cognitive flexibility and planning in the development of early mathematical competencies, which could lead to specific interventions on these executive functions and thus favor the learning of mathematics in early education.Se ha demostrado que las competencias matemáticas tempranas ejercen un rol importante en el aprendizaje de esta disciplina y que tanto la flexibilidad cognitiva como la planificación favorecen este proceso. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones han relacionado las funciones ejecutivas con los resultados matemáticos generales, sin tomar en cuenta que esta disciplina incluye diversos componentes que varían en su complejidad cognitiva. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la flexibilidad cognitiva y la planificación en las competencias matemáticas lógico-relacionales y numéricas de 106 niños de educación inicial de escuelas chilenas, quienes fueron evaluados con dos tareas ejecutivas y un test de competencias matemáticas tempranas. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron correlaciones y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados mostraron que la flexibilidad cognitiva fue un predictor significativo de las competencias matemáticas tanto lógico-relacionales como numéricas, mientras que la planificación lo fue solo de las numéricas. Estos resultados confirman la importancia de la flexibilidad cognitiva y la planificación en el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas tempranas, lo que podría propiciar intervenciones específicas sobre estas funciones ejecutivas y así favorecer el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la educación inicial.Foi demonstrado que as competências matemáticas precoces desempenham um papel importante na aprendizagem dessa disciplina e que tanto a flexibilidade cognitiva como o planejamento favorecem esse processo. No entanto, a maioria das investigações relacionou as funções executivas com os resultados matemáticos gerais, sem ter em conta que esta disciplina inclui diversos componentes que variam na sua complexidade cognitiva. Por conseguinte, o objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar a capacidade preditiva da flexibilidade cognitiva e do planejamento nas competências matemáticas lógico-relacionais e numéricas de 106 crianças de escolas chilenas de educação infantil, que foram avaliadas com duas tarefas executivas e um teste de competências matemáticas precoces. Foram utilizados correlações e modelos de regressão linear múltipla para a análise de dados. Os resultados mostraram que a flexibilidade cognitiva foi um preditor significativo tanto das competências matemáticas lógico-relacionais como numéricas, enquanto o planejamento foi preditor significativo apenas das competências matemáticas numéricas. Estes resultados confirmam a importância da flexibilidade cognitiva e do planejamento no desenvolvimento de competências matemáticas precoces, o que poderia conduzir a intervenções específicas sobre essas funções executivas, favorecendo assim a aprendizagem da matemática na educação infantil

Mejoramiento de las propiedades mecánicas del Polipropileno Reciclado mediante adición de fibras vegetales, Polietilen Terftalato y tratamiento térmico.

En los residuos sólidos plásticos el polipropileno es uno de los termoplásticos de mayor consumo a nivel urbano y por ende el de mayor generación de residuos. En este sentido, el reciclaje mecánico es la tecnica mas sencilla de aplicación aprovechando de residuos de la misma familia de termoplastico que acondicionado con otras fibras permiten el mejoramiento de sus propiedades, mediante la elaboración de composites con fibras naturales o sinteticas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el analisis de las propiedades más importantes de composites hechos de poliproplieno con fibras naturales: de plátano y de abacá; composites de polipropileno con polietilen tereftalato a diferentes concentraciones, con y sin acoplante; y un tratamiento termico para el mejoramiento de la matriz de polipropileno reciclado. Se obtienen probetas mediante extrusión de monohusillo a diferentes perfiles de temperatura y concentraciones de fibra adicionada. Se plantea el tratamiento térmico al polipropileno midiendo el grado de cristalización que se genera. Posterior, se mide la tracción, flexión y calorimetría diferencial de barrido de los composites de buena trabajabilidad usando como acoplante anhidrido terftalico. Los resultados muestran mejoras en las propiedades de tracción y flexión al momento de adición del agente acoplante en ambos composites y con concentraciones bajas de fibra de refuerzo.In solid plastic waste, polypropylene is one of the thermoplastics with the highest consumption in urban areas and, therefore, the one with the highest waste generation. In this sense, mechanical recycling is the simplest application technique taking advantage of the waste of the same family of thermoplastics that conditioned with other fibers allow the improvement of their properties, through the elaboration of composites with natural or synthetic fibers. This study aims to analyze the most important properties of compounds made of polypropylene with natural fibers: banana and abaca; polypropylene compounds with polyethylene terephthalate in different concentrations, with and without couplant; and a heat treatment for the improvement of the recycled polypropylene matrix. Samples are obtained by single screw extrusion at different temperature profiles and concentrations of added fiber. The heat treatment of polypropylene is proposed by measuring the degree of crystallization that is generated. Subsequently, the calorimetry of traction, flexion and differential sweep of good workability compounds is measured using terphthalic anhydrous coupler. The results show improvements in tensile and bending properties at the time of addition of the coupling agent in both compounds and with low concentrations of reinforcing fiber

Respuesta inflamatoria en ratones a las dos semanas, post inserción de matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas

37 p.Antecedentes: Las matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas han mostrado una efectividad comparable al uso de un injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial durante los procedimientos de recubrimiento de recesiones gingivales. A pesar de la relevancia de la respuesta inflamatoria en la cicatrización y el la integración de las membranas, los estudios histológicos comparativos, que permitan una elección basada en aspectos científicos y no puramente comerciales, son escasos. Objetivo: Describir y comparar, de manera cuali-cuantitativa la respuesta inflamatoria inducida por tres matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas a dos semanas de su inserción. Métodos: Tres matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas (Alloderm®, Neoderm® y OrACELL®) fueron implantadas en el área dorsal de ratones BALB/c, usando una esponja colágena como control. A las dos semanas los animales fueron eutanasiados. Las muestras obtenidas, fueron fijadas, procesadas y analizadas utilizando la tinción de hematoxilinaeosina y la tinción de Giemsa, permitiendo realizar un análisis descriptivo y cuantitativo, de la cantidad y distribución de vasos sanguíneos y células inflamatorias. Resultados: Las matrices generan una inflamación no observada en los controles, teniendo una respuesta diferente en cada una de ellas. OrACELL® fue aquella con mayor presencia de vasos sanguíneos y de infiltrado celular inflamatorio. La distribución de vasos sanguíneos y células inflamatorias parece depender de la zona analizada siendo, en general, más abundante en la porción lateral de las matrices. No se observó una invasión celular en ninguna matriz. Se requiere un estudio más prolongado, que considere evaluar parámetros como la cantidad de colágeno y el tipo de célula inflamatoria en cada matriz. // ABSTRACT: Background: Allogeneic acellular dermal matrices have shown effectiveness comparable to the use of a subepithelial connective tissue graft during gingival recession resurfacing procedures. Despite the relevance of the inflammatory response in the healing and the integration of the membranes, comparative histological studies, which allow a choice based on scientific and not purely commercial aspects, are scarce. Objective: To describe and compare, in a quali quantitative way, the inflammatory response induced by three allogeneic acellular dermal matrices two weeks after their insertion. Methods: Three allogeneic acellular dermal matrices (Alloderm®, Neoderm® and OrACELL®) were implanted in the dorsal area of BALB / c mice, using a collagen sponge as a control. After two weeks the animals were euthanized. The samples obtained were fixed, processed and analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Giemsa staining, allowing a descriptive and quantitative analysis of the amount and distribution of blood vessels and inflammatory cells to be carried out. Results: The matrices generate an inflammation not observed in the controls, having a different response in each one of them. OrACELL® was the one with the highest presence of blood vessels and inflammatory cell infiltrate. The distribution of blood vessels and inflammatory cells seems to depend on the area analyzed, being, in general, the most abundant in the lateral portion of the matrices. No cell invasion was observed in any matrix. A longer study is required, which considers evaluating parameters such as the amount of collagen and the type of inflammatory cell in each matrix

Desarrollo del modelo de negocio canvas en microempresas de las parroquias rurales del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

Canvas as a business model proposal is an agile and practical methodology forstructuring proposals of value. Its scope of application is broad: from large companies tomicroenterprises and middle enterprises. This paper, describes the application of the modelinvestigated in six microenterprises belonging to two parish councils in Quito: Tababela andCheca. We worked with a random sample of 479 business clients. The process followed was acharacterization of each parish, identification of the microenterprises, a survey was applied tothe clients and an interview with the owners of the businesses. With these inputs, a situationaldiagnosis was made involving the nine modules of the Canvas business model. These resultswere taxed to the internal analysis and allowed the preparation of the canvas for each business.In conclusion, the Canvas business model applied in the six microenterprises will improve theirincome, customer service and consolidate them as business initiativesCanvas como propuesta de modelo de negocio constituye una metodología ágil y práctica para estructurar propuestas de valor. Su ámbito de aplicación es amplio: desde las grandes empresas hasta microempresas y emprendimientos. En este trabajo se investigó la aplicación del modelo en seis microempresas pertenecientes a dos parroquiales rurales de Quito: Tababela y Checa. Se trabajó con una muestra aleatoria de 479 clientes de los negocios. El proceso seguido fue una caracterización de cada parroquia, identificación de las microempresas, se aplicó una encuesta a los clientes y una entrevista a los propietarios de los negocios. Con estos insumos se realizó un diagnóstico situacional que implicó los nueve módulos del modelo de negocio Canvas. Estos resultados tributaron al análisis interno y permitieron la elaboración del lienzo para cada negocio. En conclusión, el modelo de negocio Canvas aplicado en las seis microempresas permitirá mejorar sus ingresos, la atención al cliente y consolidarlas como iniciativas empresariales

Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

23 páginas..- 4 figuras y 7 figuras.- 50 referencias y 90 referenciasEarth harbours an extraordinary plant phenotypic diversity1 that is at risk from ongoing global changes2,3. However, it remains unknown how increasing aridity and livestock grazing pressure—two major drivers of global change4,5,6—shape the trait covariation that underlies plant phenotypic diversity1,7. Here we assessed how covariation among 20 chemical and morphological traits responds to aridity and grazing pressure within global drylands. Our analysis involved 133,769 trait measurements spanning 1,347 observations of 301 perennial plant species surveyed across 326 plots from 6 continents. Crossing an aridity threshold of approximately 0.7 (close to the transition between semi-arid and arid zones) led to an unexpected 88% increase in trait diversity. This threshold appeared in the presence of grazers, and moved toward lower aridity levels with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, 57% of observed trait diversity occurred only in the most arid and grazed drylands, highlighting the phenotypic uniqueness of these extreme environments. Our work indicates that drylands act as a global reservoir of plant phenotypic diversity and challenge the pervasive view that harsh environmental conditions reduce plant trait diversity8,9,10. They also highlight that many alternative strategies may enable plants to cope with increases in environmental stress induced by climate change and land-use intensification.This research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC Grant agreement 647038 1004 [BIODESERT]) and Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). N.G. was supported by CAP 20–25 (16-IDEX-0001) and the AgreenSkills+ fellowship programme which has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement FP7-609398 (AgreenSkills+ contract). F.T.M. acknowledges support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), the KAUST Climate and Livability Initiative, the University of Alicante (UADIF22-74 and VIGROB22-350), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116578RB-I00), and the Synthesis Center (sDiv) of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig (iDiv). Y.L.B.-P. was supported by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-1018 IF) within the European Program Horizon 2020 (DRYFUN Project 656035). H.S. is supported by a María Zambrano fellowship funded by the Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation plan. L.W. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (EAR 1554894). G.M.W. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP210102593) and TERN. M.B is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2021-031797-I). L.v.d.B. and K.T. were supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Program SPP-1803 (TI388/14-1). A.F. acknowledges the financial support from ANID PIA/BASAL FB210006 and Millenium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050. A.J. was supported by the Bavarian Research Alliance for travel and field work (BayIntAn UBT 2017 61). A.L. and L.K. acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation, DFG (grant CRC TRR228) and German Federal Government for Science and Education, BMBF (grants 01LL1802C and 01LC1821A). B.B. and S.U. were supported by the Taylor Family-Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology. P.J.R. and A.J.M. acknowledge support from Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional through the FEDER Andalucía operative programme, FEDER-UJA 1261180 project. E.M.-J. and C.P. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116578RB-I00). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.D. and A.Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). S.C.R. acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy (DE-SC-0008168), US Department of Defense (RC18-1322), and the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. E.H.-S. acknowledges support from Mexican National Science and Technology Council (CONACYT PN 5036 and 319059). A.N. and C. Branquinho. acknowledge the support from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEECIND/02453/2018/CP1534/CT0001, PTDC/ASP-SIL/7743/ 2020, UIDB/00329/2020), from AdaptForGrazing project (PRR-C05-i03-I-000035) and from LTsER Montado platform (LTER_EU_PT_001). Field work of G.P. and J.M.Z. was supported by UNRN (PI 40-C-873).Peer reviewe

Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

14 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 67 referencias.- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01670-7Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC grant 647038 (BIODESERT) awarded to F.T.M.) and Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF21040). J. Ding was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (41991232) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China. M.D.-B. acknowledges support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea Next Generation EU/PRTR and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. O.S. was supported by US National Science Foundation (Grants DEB 1754106, 20-25166), and Y.L.B.-P. by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-1018 IF) within the European Program Horizon 2020 (DRYFUN Project 656035). K.G. and N.B. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) SPACES projects OPTIMASS (FKZ: 01LL1302A) and ORYCS (FKZ: FKZ01LL1804A). B.B. was supported by the Taylor Family-Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology, and M. Bowker by funding from the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. C.B. acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971131). D.B. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096), and A. Fajardo support from ANID PIA/BASAL FB 210006 and the Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050. M.F. and H.E. received funding from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (grant 39843). A.N. and M.K. acknowledge support from FCT (CEECIND/02453/2018/CP1534/CT0001, SFRH/BD/130274/2017, PTDC/ASP-SIL/7743/2020, UIDB/00329/2020), EEA (10/CALL#5), AdaptForGrazing (PRR-C05-i03-I-000035) and LTsER Montado platform (LTER_EU_PT_001) grants. O.V. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096). L.W. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (EAR 1554894). Y.Z. and X.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2003214). H.S. is supported by a María Zambrano fellowship funded by the Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation plan. The use of any trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by any agency, institution or government. Finally, we thank the many people who assisted with field work and the landowners, corporations and national bodies that allowed us access to their land.Peer reviewe

Jóvenes latinoamericanos: en búqueda de los futuros puentes de la ciudadanía

Pensar en los jóvenes latinoamericanos es pensar en el futuro de la región. Sin embargo, dado el carácter estructural de la desigualdad presente en nuestro contexto, esta tarea no resulta del todo fácil. El renacer democrático en Latinoamérica generó muchas expectativas en cuanto al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes como grupo social. Desde el Estado debilitado a través de las estrategias neoliberales en su papel como ente integrador, se pensaron políticas sociales en torno a la educación y el empleo como vías de integración y como manera de desarrollar el potencial de los jóvenes como actor social