Emergencias en Arte y Diseño, hacia una concepción unitaria de la poiesis y la condición humana

El Arte y el Diseño presentan nuevas relaciones en la actualidad que generan la pregunta sobre las fronteras y escisiones preconcebidas de éstos modos de saber y los modos de ser de los objetos. En medio de un mundo que requiere un sentido de totalidad en vez de fragmentos, que necesita un pensamiento además de un conocimiento, la hibridación se constituye como un eje articulador de estas divisiones. La emergencia del objeto híbrido, como un acercamiento a este problema, requiere un análisis a profundidad que se aproxime a revelar su causa de aparición, su naturaleza y algunas de sus posibles consecuencias. De esta manera, este proyecto se desarrolla como una propuesta principalmente crítica y discursiva bajo una metodología investigativa de carácter cualitativo. Mediante el uso de la filosofía como eje articulador de los saberes, se propone una conceptualización de la poiesis en su sentido originario como una forma de concebir la creación de propuestas híbridas entre el arte y el diseño. A su vez, este proyecto pretende mostrar, entre otras cosas, el vínculo de la propia condicion humana con la poiesis al entender que el hombre, mediante la producción de su mundo también se produce a sí mismo. Finalmente, el discurso se vale del análisis de casos de estudio para comprobar su pertinencia y validez.Currently Art and Design present new relationships that brings forth the question about the boundaries and divisions preconceived between these modes of knowledge and the mode of presence of the object. In a world that requires a sense of totality instead of fragments, which needs of thinking besides knowledge, the hybridization process constitutes itself as a bonding point of these divisions. The emergence of the hybrid object -as an approach to this issue- requires a deep analysis in which its cause to appear, its nature and some of its possible consequences are revealed. This project is undertaken as a critical discourse under a methodology of inquiry of a qualitative character. By using Philosophy as a joining point between knowledges, a conceptualization of the original sense of poiesis, as a way to conceive the creation of hybrid projects between Art and Design, is proposed. On the other hand, this project pretends to show, among other things, the bond between poiesis and the human condition itself by coming to understand that man’s production of his world implies also man’s production of himself. Finally, the analysis of some case studies are used in order to support the validity and relevance of this discourse.Maestro (a) en Artes VisualesPregrad

Measurement invariance of the driving inattention scale (ARDES) across 7 countries

The Attention-Related Driving Errors Scale (ARDES) is a self-report measure of individual differences in driving inattention. ARDES was originally developed in Spanish (Argentina), and later adapted to other countries and languages. Evidence supporting the reliability and validity of ARDES scores has been obtained in various different countries. However, no study has been conducted to specifically examine the measurement invariance of ARDES measures across countries, thus limiting their comparability. Can different language versions of ARDES provide comparable measures across countries with different traffic regulations and cultural norms? To what extent might cultural differences prevent researchers from making valid inferences based on ARDES measures? Using Alignment Analysis, the present study assessed the approximate invariance of ARDES measures in seven countries: Argentina (n = 603), Australia (n = 378), Brazil (n = 220), China (n = 308). Spain (n = 310), UK (n = 298), and USA (n = 278). The three-factor structure of ARDES scores (differentiating driving errors occurring at Navigation, Manoeuvring and Control levels) was used as the target theoretical model. A fixed alignment analysis was conducted to examine approximate measurement invariance. 12.3 % of the intercepts and 0.8 % of the item-factor loadings were identified as non-invariant, averaging 8.6 % of non-invariance. Despite substantial differences among the countries, sample recruitment or representativeness, study results support resorting to ARDES measures to make comparisons across the country samples. Thus, the range of cultures, laws and collision risk across these 7 countries provides a demanding assessment for a cultural-free inattention while-driving. The alignment analysis results suggest that ARDES measures reach near equivalence among the countries in the study. We hope this study will serve as a basis for future cross-cultural research on driving inattention using ARDES.Grant MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033State Research Agency (SRA) (MCIN/AEI/) (PID2020-113978RB-I00 and PDC2021-12944-I00)Spain and European Regional Fund “ERDF” A way of making Europe"European Union” or by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”Junta de Andalucía I + D + I Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía (P20_00338, A-SEJ-114-UGR20 and PYC20 RE 022 UGR)Plan Nacional de Drogas (Ministerio de Sanidad) PND-020-019Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

Parenting in the context of driving: Spanish adaptation of the Family Climate for Road Safety (FCRSS) for parents and children

The Family Climate for Road Safety Scale (FCRSS; Taubman – Ben-Ari & Katz – Ben-Ami, 2013) is a comprehensive measure originally developed in Israel to assess parent-children relations in the specific context of driving. The scale consists of seven dimensions: Modelling, Feedback, Communication, Monitoring, Messages, Limits, and Non-commitment to Safety. While the original FCRSS examines the young drivers’ perception across the seven domains, a version applicable to parents has also been developed by the same authors. The current study investigates the validity and reliability of the FCRSS-Spain for both parents and young drivers. A total of 377 parents (199 fathers and 178 mothers) and 243 of their children (143 daughters and 100 sons) responded to the FCRSS-Spain versions and provided sociodemographic data. In addition, the young drivers completed the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI-Spain). Results from exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) indicate that six out of the seven FCRSS domains were replicable among Spanish drivers. The Messages dimension did not emerge as a consistent factor in the FCRSS for either parents or young drivers. All six factors demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (ordinal alpha coefficients exceeding 0.70), except for Non-commitment to safety. Significant differences were found between mothers and fathers in various FCRSS dimensions in the predicted direction, whereas no significant differences in FCRSS scores were found between young men and young women. As expected, associations were found between parents’ scores in various FCRSS dimensions and the reckless, angry, dissociative, anxious, and careful driving styles reported by the young drivers, as well as between young drivers’ FCRSS scores and their self-reported reckless, angry, dissociative, anxious, and careful driving styles.State Research Agency (SRA) (MCIN/AEI/) (PID2020-113978RB-I00 and PDC2021-12944-I00)Spain and European Regional Fund “ERDF” A way of making Europe”Junta de Andalucía I + D + I Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía (P20_00338, A-SEJ-114-UGR20 & PYC20 RE 022 UGR), Spai

Proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del lanzamiento de precisión en tercer ciclo de Primaria en Educación Física basado en el análisis global de movimiento

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en el tratamiento de las Habilidades Motrices, concretamente, se basa en el trabajo de la habilidad motriz específica del lanzamiento con precisión. Esta propuesta, es un recurso educativo del área de Educación Física, destinado al alumnado de 3º ciclo de Educación Primaria. Ofrece el desarrollo de un proyecto que trata de dar respuesta a la diversidad del alumnado a través de un planteamiento metodológico completo e innovador, como es el análisis global del movimiento, el cual facilita el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de dicha habilidad.Grado en Educación Primari

Hazard Perception and Prediction test for walking, riding a bike and driving a car: Understanding of the global traffic situation

To “put oneself in the place of other road users” may improve understanding of the global traffic situation. It should be useful enabling drivers to anticipate and detect obstacles in time to prevent accidents to other road users, especially those most vulnerable. We created a pioneering Hazard Perception and Prediction test to explore this skill in different road users (pedestrians, cyclists and drivers), with videos recorded in naturalistic scenarios: walking, riding a bicycle and driving a car. There were 79 participants (30 pedestrians, 14 cyclists, 13 novice drivers and 22 experienced drivers). Sixty videos of hazardous traffic situations were presented, divided into 2 blocks of 30 videos each: 10 walking, 10 riding a bicycle, 10 driving a car. In each situation presented, we evaluated the performance of the participants carrying out the task of predicting the hazard and estimating the risk. In the second block, after they had carried out the task, we gave them feedback on their performance and let them see the whole video (i.e., checking what happened next). The results showed that the holistic test had acceptable psychometric properties (Cronbach’s alpha = .846). The test was able to discriminate between the different conditions manipulated: a) between traffic hazards recorded from different perspectives: walking, riding a bicycle and driving a car; b) between participants with different user profiles: pedestrians, cyclists and drivers; c) between the two test blocks: the first evaluation only and the second combining evaluation with this complex intervention. We found modal bias effects in both Hazard Perception and Prediction; and in Risk Estimation.State Research Agency (SRA)European Regional Fund (ERDF

Hydraulic Anatomy of Guadiana Springs. Part II. Hydropower Genesis

Guadiana Springs are an exceptional landmark where the surplus water of the largest Spanish aquifer used to emerge, setting an oasis that powered up to sixteen watermills located along forty kilometres of the river’s upper reach. Such industrial hub lasted until the second half of the last century, when drainage works, and aquifer overdraft brought along a distressing scorched land where water had been dominant for centuries. As this unique heritage is about to fade away without knowing its genesis, this independent PhD research attempts to shed light on its likely origins, by assessing the most probable driving forces that promoted its uprising under different standpoints. The logical methodology commences by outlining the study case on the earliest known historic and archaeological references, follows an historiographical assessment on those key factors influencing the expansion of hydraulic works, inferring a bidimensional technological diffusion pattern experimented over the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. It focuses on irrigation and hydropower riverside assets, to compile real examples of Iberian riverine hydraulic works referenced during the thrilling Andalusian period. To conclude, a relationship between work typology and likely construction period is established, distinguishing those watermills that would have disrupted the due operation of the system

Strong predictors of offender drivers: drug and alcohol addiction and the inability to dissociate binge alcohol or drug consumption from driving. Revoking their driver’s licence may not be enough

The causes underlying traffic offender behaviour might be the tip of the iceberg that represents a persistent burden on global health and serves to detect other serious social, family, work problems. Better understanding and prevention of recidivism following a First-time driving under the influence conviction and analysis of High Risk offender driver behaviors are needed. This study seeks to identify the factors that predict an offender driver profile, analysing not only drivers’ general use of alcohol and/or drugs, but also their ability to dissociate the use of alcohol and other substances from driving. A total of 315 drivers — 97 offenders (95.9 % men) and 218 non-offenders (47.2 % men) responded to a battery of self-report evaluation questionnaires on: alcohol use habits (measured with the AUDIT); drug use (measured with the DAST-20); the ability of dissociating alcohol and substance use from driving; educational level; self-reported traffic violations, errors and lapses (measured with the DBQ, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire); and sociodemographic questions. The model showed good fit indicators (R2 = 0.74). It also displayed good predictive power: (1). It correctly classified 91 % of participants as offender or non-offender drivers. (2). More specifically, its sensitivity was 88 %, having correctly classified offenders as offenders. And its specificity was 92 %, having correctly classified non-offenders as non-offenders. The findings underscores that not only is alcohol use a key predictor of offending behaviour, but so is drug use. These addictions are a health problem, and their consequences are more serious when the afflicted individual drives a vehicle. This article makes evident that repeat offenders have a lower ability of dissociating alcohol and substance use from driving than do non-offender drivers. Non-offenders are shown to be more capable than offenders of dissociating consumption from driving: offender drivers are unable to dissociate the consumption of more than 5 spirit drinks, or the consumption of cannabis, from driving. More than half of non-offender drivers admitted to driving after having had 1 or 2 beers. Along these same lines, we found that offenders believe they have fewer lapses than non-offenders. This could be due to the optimism bias of bold offender drivers, who overestimate their abilities and underestimate their lapses. We also found that offender drivers have a lower educational level. Revoking the High Risk offender’s driver’s licence may not be enough. Instead, High Risk Offenders should be given the support they need to give up the consumption of alcohol and drugs, at least while driving. This could be achieved if they receive motivational interventions and are referred for detoxification treatment.Plan Nacional de Drogas, Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (MCBS), PND-020-019 and the Grants: PID2020-113878, PID-2021-12944-IOO, PYC20RE022, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Junta de Andalucía and the “European Union

Adaptation of the multidimensional driving styles inventory for Spanish drivers: Convergent and predictive validity evidence for detecting safe and unsafe driving styles

The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI; Taubman – Ben-Ari et al., 2004) is a well-known and useful instrument that allows us to identify not only “maladaptive” Driving Styles (DS) in order to modify them, but also “adaptive” DS to encourage safe driving. The aim of this study was to adapt the MDSI to the Spanish spoken in Spain and to the rules and driving habits of Spaniards. The Argentinian version of the MDSI was taken as the source version. The sample consisted of 1173 drivers, who completed the Spanish version of the MDSI. The factor structure was analysed by means of an Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC). The 6-factor structure of the Argentinian version of the MDSI was replicated with higher internal consistency values for each of the DS. The original Argentinian and the Spanish versions share 23 items, indicating a relevant overlap in the construct. A cluster analysis grouped the DS into two groups: maladaptive and adaptive. Significant associations were found between DS measures and demographic variables (gender, age, and education level), driving history and theoretically related constructs like the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT); Lapses, Errors, Violations; Angry Driving; and Sensitivity to Rewards. The Spanish MDSI provides valid measures that could help us understand complex driving behaviours and promote safe driving.The Spanish Government: DGT, Dirección General de Tráfico, Ministerio del Interior (SPI2015-01782) and MICINN, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PSI2016-75086) gave us financial support

The young male driving problem: Relationship between Safe Driving Climate among Friends, Peer Pressure and Driving Styles

Young people are almost twice as likely to die in traffic crashes than are middle aged people (ages 40 to 60). It remains crucial to assess what factors catalyse young people’s non-adaptive driving behaviours. In this study, we adapted the SDCaF (Safe Driving Climate among Friends) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence) scales to the driving context in Spain, and measured their relationship with the Driving Styles (DS) of young Spanish drivers (using the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Driving Styles Inventory, MDSI). A sample of young Spanish drivers (n = 459; age 18–25) completed an online questionnaire comprised of the Spanish versions of the SDCaF, RPI and MDSI scales, sociodemographic variables, driving habits and history. Evidence of the factorial structure of the Spanish version of the SDCaF scale coincides with those of the original version: the tetra-factorial model of the SDCaF scale obtained adequate values for the adjustment indices of the 4 factors; 2 are maladaptive (Peer pressure and Cost of driving with others) and 2 adaptive (Communication on traffic issues and Commitment to safe driving). The estimated reliability of the SDCaF scale reached acceptable values above (α ordinal greater than 0.80) except for the Communication factor (α = 0.76). Furthermore, evidence of the structure of the Spanish version of the RPI scale coincides with that of the original version, unifactorial model. The estimated reliability of the RPI scale reached acceptable values (α ordinal = 0.81). Most of the SDCaF’s relationships with RPI and MDSI measures were as theoretically expected. The MDSI’s maladaptive DS (Reckless, Aggressive and Distracted) correlated positively with the SDCaF’s factors of Peer Pressure and Cost for driving with friends. The opposite occurred for the MDSI’s adaptive DS (Careful and Stress Reduction). SDCaF Pressure and Cost factors correlated negatively with Resistance to Peer Pressure, whereas SDCaF Communication and Commitment factors correlated positively. We found clear differences by sex: Scores were higher on the Pressure factor when the driver was a man, when the passengers were men and when driving to a party. On the other hand, the scores were higher in the Communication and Commitment factors when the driver was a woman, the passengers were women and when driving somewhere other than a party. In conclusion, we obtained quality translated instruments and provided support for their connection with maladaptive driving to evaluate the reckless driving of young people.Grant MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, State Research Agency (SRA) (MCIN/AEI/) (PID2020-113978RB-I00PDC2021-12944-I00)Spain and European Regional Fund “ERDF” A way of making EuropeEuropean UnionEuropean Union NextGenerationEU/PRTRJunta de Andalucía I + D + I Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía (P20_00338, A-SEJ-114-UGR20PYC20 RE 022 UGR), SpainPlan Nacional de Drogas (Ministerio de Sanidad)PND-020-01

Score-based Bayesian network structure learning algorithms for modeling radioisotope levels in nuclear power plant reactors

Radioactive corrosion products released into the primary coolant loop dominate the final shutdown radiation fields of pressurized water reactors. Thus, reducing the concentration of these corrosion products is a paramount duty in the optimization process of the reactor performance. However, the complexity and uncertainty present in this process make it difficult to predict their evolution in a theoretical way. We propose the application of structural learning of Bayesian networks to discover the complex relations between the corrosion products and the most relevant variables in the primary loop, giving rise to probabilistic models that obtain accurate and reliable predictions of the corrosion products. Our analysis of 5 power plants demonstrates that our approach results in simpler and more reliable models. Additionally, we conclude that the learned structures may represent an interpretable tool for power plant technicians since they reveal useful information that can be directly employed to improve the reactor operationThe authors from the UAM have been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant reference PID2021-125943OB-I00, MCIN /AEI /10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE). The work has been conducted in the context of a signed collaboration agreement between AUDIAS-UAM and ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas S.