Razonamiento y argumentación en ciencias : diferentes puntos de vista en el currículo oficial

Las perspectivas constructivistas del aprendizaje y de la enseñanza de las ciencias señalan la importancia de que los alumnos aprendan a razonar y a argumentar. Los nuevos currículos de ciencias deberían tener en cuenta el campo de las destrezas cognitivas y de pensamiento. A ese respecto, hemos diseñado un marco referencial y una clave de vaciado y de categorización de contenidos procedimentales que nos han permitido evaluar si el currículo oficial de la Argentina fomenta el aprendizaje de las estrategias de razonamiento y de argumentación en niveles de enseñanza no universitarios y en la formación de profesores.The constructivist approaches to learning in science teaching show towards the importance of students learning how to reason an argument. The new science curriculum should contemplate the field of cognitive and thinking skills. To evaluate if the official curriculum in Argentina promotes reasoning and argumenting strategies at different educational levels and in teacher education, a reference scheme and a procedure for categorizing methodological content has been designed

On the structure and stability of novel cationic DPPC liposomes doped with gemini surfactants

A novel formulation of cationic liposomes was studied by mixing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide gemini surfactants with different alkane spacer groups lengths attached to their ammonium head-groups. The physicochemical characterization of the cationic liposomes was obtained by combining experimental results from differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) with molecular dynamic simulations, in order to understand their structural configuration. An adapted Ising model was used to interpret the results in terms of cooperativity of the phase transitions. The gemini surfactants partition into the lipid bilayer of DPPC liposomes, and the induced changes in colloidal stability and phase transition were analyzed in detail. The DPPC liposomes became positively charged upon gemini surfactant partition, showing increased colloidal stability. Our results show significant differences in structural configuration between gemini surfactants with short and long spacer lengths. While gemini with shorter spacers allocate within the lipid bilayer with both headgroups in the same layer, geminis with longer spacers unexpectedly intercalate in the lipid membrane in a particular zig-zag configuration, with each headgroup located at a different side of the bilayer, altering the coupling degree parameters of the membrane’s phase transition. The extraordinary increase of colloidal stability of DPPC liposomes with gemini surfactants at very low molar ratio and the possibility to tune the physicochemical properties of the membrane by control de spacer length of the geminis opens new possibilities for cationic liposomal formulations with potential applications in vaccines, drug/gene delivery or biosensingThis work was supported by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) under Project PID2019-109517RB-I00. ERDF funds are also acknowledged. Facilities provided by the Galician Supercomputing Centre (CESGA) are also acknowledgedS

¿Docentes ejercen violencia de género en estudiantes de la UNC?

La investigación desarrollada muestra a la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba como un espacio donde se produce y reproduce violencia de género, principalmente la violencia verbal o simbólica que es quizá un tipo de violencia que cuenta con mayor invisibilización dada la naturalización con la que es percibida generalmente, a la vez que parece estar más tolerada y sostenida socialmente. La violencia de género está presente en nuestra Universidad en los tres territorios analizados aunque es en los territorios masculinos donde se reconoce una mayor hostilidad hacia las mujeres. Nuestro mayor interés recayó en constatar la existencia y tipo de violencia de género y los actores que la ejercen dentro de este medio, que según lo expresan son los docentes y los mismos estudiantes. Así mismo se presenta la percepción de la violencia de género en los estudiantes. Intentamos dar cuenta de cómo se presenta el fenómeno del acoso sexual, según lo expresan estudiantes de la UNC. Por último se plantean algunas acciones posibles de realizar por la institución a los fines de intervenir sobre esta problemática.http://www.conferencias.unc.edu.ar/index.php/gyc/3gyc/paper/viewFile/2611/692Fil: Domínguez, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Fuentes, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Giordano, Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Soldevila, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Nidia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades; Argentina.Otras Ciencias Sociale

Differences in the prevalence of diagnosis of overweight-obesity in Spanish children according to the diagnostic criteria set used

Objective: To examine relevant differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 2-15 years according to different sets of criteria (Orbegozo Foundation, International Obesity Task Force and World Health Organization), and how their use affects the trends in obesity recorded for both sexes between 1995 and 2011 in Spain. Method: Cross-sectional study, a population between 2 and 15 years. Three diagnosis criteria of overweight and obesity were be used. Results: The boys according to the three criteria, showed higher values of overweight and obesity compared to the girls. The lowest levels of overweight and obesity were observed using the Orbegozo tables. Discussion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity varies significantly according to the criteria used to define overweight and obesity. The percentiles of the Foundation Orbegozo gave the lowest estimates and the standards of growth of the World Health Organization were higher

Prescribed Burning and Clear-Cutting Effects on Understory Vegetation in a Pinus canariensis Stand (Gran Canaria)

[EN] Prescribed fires are a powerful tool for reducing fire hazards by decreasing amounts of fuel. The main objective is to analyze the effects of prescribed burning on the understory vegetation composition as well as on the soil characteristics of a reforested stand of Pinus canariensis. The study attempts to identify the effects of the preburning treatment of cutting understory vegetation on the floristic parameters of the vegetation community. This study was carried out for two years following a prescribed fire in a Canarian pine stand. Cutting and burning treatment affected species composition and increased diversity. Burnt and cut plots were characterized by a diverse array of herbaceous species and by a lower abundance of Teline microphylla (endemic legume), although burning apparently induced its germination. Cut treatment was more consistently differentiated from the control plots than burnt treatment. Soil K decreased after both treatments, pH slightly decreased after cutting, while P and Ca increased after fire. From an ecological point of view, prescribed burning is a better management practice than cutting the woody species of the understory. However, long-term studies would be necessary to evaluate the effects of fire intensity, season and frequency in which the prescribed burning is appliedSIConsejería de Medio Ambiente y Emergencias (Gran Canaria Council), especially UOFF and PRESA, for granting permission to work in Pinus canariensis forest, carrying out the prescribed fire, and partially supporting this study (CI02380503). They also thank the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) of the Spanish Government, which provided financial support by granting C. García a FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario, AP2005- 4736) predoctoral fellowshi

Isabel: the postmodern cinematographic recreation of a medieval queen

Este trabajo analiza la aproximación a la reina Isabel I de Castilla en la serie de televisión española Isabel. Para ello, se acude al texto del filósofo Fredric Jameson, La lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío, donde definiéndose la relación de la postmodernidad con la Historia y el arte, se establece que la ambientación del pasado en el cine último se centra en los aspectos puramente formales, frente al verdadero historicismo, el de contenido, más propio de la arquitectura. Pero aquí se defiende que el tratamiento histórico de Isabel no es del tipo cinematográfico, pese a ser un producto también audiovisual, sino arquitectónico; por eso y como contrapunto a Jameson, se utilizan los argumentos del historiador Robert Rosenstone, para quien el cine contiene realmente historia, incluso la hace, pero con imágenes en vez de palabras.This essay analyses the approach to Queen Isabella I of Castile in the Spanish television series, Isabel. We have considered the thesis of the book Postmodernism or, the cultural logic of late capitalism, by the philosopher Fredric Jameson. In his work, he defines the relation between Postmodernism, on one side, and History and Art, on the other. In this sense, the author remarks that historical settings in contemporary films have a nostalgic mood, with the focus on formal aspects, in contrast to genuine historicism, full of contents, as in Architecture. However, in this essay we try to justify that the historical background in Isabel agrees with the second type, that one of contents. That is why, in opposition to Jameson’s ideas, we have followed historian Robert Rosenstone’s thesis: he thinks that cinema contains real history, that films even make history with images instead of words and that, for this reason, the historical background should not be disregarded

Herramienta de gestión de alertas categorizadas: MADALERT

El uso de aplicaciones en dispositivos móviles ha ido creciendo a lo largo de la última década a una velocidad vertiginosa, hasta llegar a convertirse hoy en día en una herramienta fundamental en la vida cotidiana de las personas. Este proyecto presenta un sistema formado por una aplicación para Android y una aplicación web que permite la gestión de alertas sobre sucesos que ocurren en tiempo real utilizando la geolocalización que ofrecen los dispositivos móviles. Las alertas que pueden seguirse pueden ser de alguna de las categorías definidas en el sistema. La aplicación está realizada para ser utilizada por cualquier tipo de usuario que quiera mantenerse al tanto de las alertas que puedan ocurrir en la ciudad de Madrid (España) y sus 21 distritos en los que está dividida

Razonamiento y argumentación en Ciencias. Diferentes puntos de vista en el currículo oficial

Las perspectivas constructivistas del aprendizaje y de la enseñanza de las ciencias señalan la importancia de que los alumnos aprendan a razonar y a argumentar. Los nuevos currículos de ciencias deberían tener en cuenta el campo de las destrezas cognitivas y de pensamiento. A ese respecto, hemos diseñado un marco referencial y una clave de vaciado y de categorización de contenidos procedimentales que nos han permitido evaluar si el currículo oficial de la Argentina fomenta el aprendizaje de las estrategias de razonamiento y de argumentación en niveles de enseñanza no universitarios y en la formación de profesoresThe constructivist approaches to learning in science teaching show towards the importance of students learning how to reason an argument. The new science curriculum should contemplate the field of cognitive and thinking skills. To evaluate if the official curriculum in Argentina promotes reasoning and argumenting strategies at different educational levels and in teacher education, a reference scheme and a procedure for categorizing methodological content has been designed.S

Análisis de la argumentación dialógica generada a partir de un problema auténtico sobre electricidad (análise da argumentação dialógica gerada a partir de um problema autêntico sobre eletricidade)

Desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje de las ciencias como construcción social del conocimiento, se pretende que los estudiantes elaboren argumentos acerca de cuestiones y problemas científicos. Este argumento se lo significa como un argumento situado, existiendo métodos y criterios que permiten su análisis y comparación (Duschl, 1990; Driver y Newton, 1997; Jiménez, 1998). El presente trabajo se realiza en el marco de la investigación de Tesis de Doctorado de la primera de los autores. Su propósito es poner en evidencia qué potencialidad tiene un problema auténtico para promover la argumentación durante una prueba piloto aplicada a una pareja de futuras profesoras de Física y Química. El problema plantea la transformación de la energía eléctrica en una resistencia óhmica y se diseña a partir de una salida integradora del Proyecto AcAb (García-Rodeja et al., 1994). Del análisis de las transcripciones surgen aspectos epistémicos y argumentativos

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions towards HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Nursing Students in Spain

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the preventive approaches proposed to control this disease is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), whose effectiveness depends on the medication adherence. The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes about PrEP among a sample of Spanish nursing students as well as their intentions of receiving it in case it was indicated. An observational cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. A total of 570 nursing students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), ≥18 years old and of both sexes were invited to self-complete a questionnaire between February and March 2020. A total of 352 students decided to participate in the study. Participants had low knowledge [overall knowledge score 1(0–2)] and a neutral attitude towards PrEP. The intention of receiving PrEP improved significantly after the completion of the questionnaire and the administration of information about PrEP (p = 0.039; before: 23.58% and after: 93.77%). Nursing staff play an important role in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, so their training in preventive strategies, such as PrEP, could help to reduce the incidence of new cases of HIV infectionS