(−)-Istanbulin A

The title compound (systematic name: 9a-hydr­oxy-3,4a,5-trimethyl-4a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexa­hydro-4H,5H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2,8-dione), C15H20O4, is a sesquiterpene lactone showing the typical eremophilanolide skeleton, which has been isolated from the plant Senecio candidans collected in the Chilean Magallanes region. The present study confirms the atomic connectivity assigned on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as the relative stereochemistry of the 4α-methyl,5α-methyl,8β-hydr­oxy,10β-H unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy group as donor and the oxo group as acceptor, giving chains along the a axis. The absolute structure was not determined because of the lack of suitable anomalous scatters

Procedimiento para la formación de juristas en la jurisdicción contenciosa

The formation process of law students to the legal debate on the contentious jurisdiction has deficiencies in design teaching, which is manifested in their fragmentation, nonsystemic nature and inadequacies in oral argumentative skills of these students, and it affects the optimal development of the skills of the lawyer litigants. The objective of the study was to explain the main components of the training process for the legal debate on the contentious jurisdiction. As a result a method that integrates three phases is obtained, allowing its improvement on the basis of the diagnosis made at the University of Pinar del Río.El proceso de formación de estudiantes de Derecho para el debate jurídico en la jurisdicción contenciosa presenta carencias en su concepción didáctica, lo que se manifiesta en su atomización, asistematicidad y en insuficiencias en las habilidades argumentativas orales de dichos estudiantes, e incide en el desarrollo óptimo de las competencias litigantes del jurista. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en fundamentar los componentes principales del proceso de formación para el debate jurídico en la jurisdicción contenciosa. Como resultado se obtiene un procedimiento que integra tres fases y que sobre la base del diagnóstico realizado en la Universidad de Pinar del Río permite su perfeccionamiento

Feasibility study of biogas upgrading coupled with nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents using microalgae-based processes

Producción CientíficaThe present research was conducted to simultaneously optimize biogas upgrading and carbon and nutrient removal from centrates in a 180-L high-rate algal pond interconnected to an external CO2 absorption unit. Different biogas and centrate supply strategies were assessed to increase biomass lipid content. Results showed 99 % CO2 removal efficiencies from simulated biogas at liquid recirculation rates in the absorption column of 9.9 m3 m−2 h−1, concomitant with nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of 100 and 82 %, respectively, using a 1:70 diluted centrate at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days. The lipid content of the harvested algal–bacterial biomass remained low (2.9–11.2 %) regardless of the operational conditions, with no particular trend over time. The good settling characteristics of the algal–bacterial flocs resulted in harvesting efficiencies over 95 %, which represents a cost-effective alternative for algal biomass reutilization compared to conventional physical–chemical techniques. Finally, high microalgae biodiversity was found regardless of the operational conditions.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. (Project GR76, VA024U14, and RTA2013-00056-C03-02

Alfabetización digital crítica en la enseñanza del Derecho

The paradox that represents dis/information caused by the existence of fake news in the network of networks turns to be a problematic issue that deserves an analysis from the approach of Social Sciences. The present works aims to argue the impact of the media literacy on the Law teaching, from the framework of critical legal theory. Hence, this article offers a literature review that proposes critical media literacy as an alternative to lessen the impact of fake news and therefore to contribute to the critical consumption of information available in Internet, from an educative perspective. It emphasizes on the relevance of the social dimension of Law and legal reasoning in the probative context. This approach is instrumental in the understanding that training jurists in digital environments implies giving him/her certain tools and skills, so that he/she develop legal reasoning, and in turn the argumentative practice of Law is translational to the critical evaluation of news at Internet. Finally, this paper proposes a set of assessment´s skills for online information, which includes: spatial and temporal location of information; cause and effect relation; contextualization; sources identification, data and evidence contrasting; and critical judgment of the information. La paradoja que representa la des/información provocada por la existencia de falsas noticias en la red de redes, es una problemática contemporánea que amerita revisión desde las Ciencias Sociales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo: argumentar la trascendencia de la alfabetización digital en la enseñanza del Derecho desde la asunción de la teoría jurídica crítica. En el artículo, desde una perspectiva educativa, se realiza una revisión documental que permite proponer la alfabetización digital crítica como alternativa para contrarrestar el impacto de las falsas noticias y tributar al consumo adecuado de la información disponible en Internet. Se enfatiza en la pertinencia de ponderar la dimensión social del Derecho y la argumentación jurídica en el ámbito probatorio. Este enfoque permite entender que formar al jurista para emitir juicios de valor en los entornos digitales, implica prepararlo para desarrollar el razonamiento de iure, y a su vez la práctica argumentativa del Derecho es traslativa a la evaluación crítica de noticias en internet. Finalmente se proponen habilidades de evaluación de información online, que incluyen la ubicación espacio-temporal, la relación causa-efecto, la contextualización, la identificación y contrastación de fuentes, evidencias y datos, así como el juzgamiento crítico de la información

Modelado de series temporales mediante echo state networks para aplicaciones de analítica visual

[ES] En este artículo se presenta un trabajo en curso dentro del proyecto Herramientas de analítica visual para el estudio de problemas complejos en ingeniería y biomedicina (PID2020-115401GB-I00), para la representación de series temporales en aplicaciones de analítica visual. Se parte de una técnica propuesta recientemente, que es utilizada para la caracterización de series temporales de procesos mediante Echo State Networks (ESN), y se propone a partir de ella un método de visualización basado en reducción de la dimensionalidad, que puede ser empleado para el análisis exploratorio de procesos con dinámica así como para la monitorización de la condición. El método propuesto se aplica a un conjunto de datos sintético y a un conjunto de datos reales de vibración de un motor de inducción sometido a desequilibrios mecánicos y eléctricos graduales.[EN] This paper presents a work in progress within the project Visual analytics tools for the study of complex problems in engineering and biomedicine (PID2020-115401GB-I00), for the representation of time series in visual analytics applications. We start from a recently proposed technique, which is used for the characterization of process time series by means of Echo State Networks (ESN), and propose a visualization method based on dimensionality reduction, which can be used for the exploratory analysis of processes with dynamics, as well as for condition monitoring. The proposed method is applied to a synthetic data set and to a real vibration data set of an induction motor subjected to gradual mechanical and electrical unbalance

Observations of Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the G2 object with MAGIC

Context. We present the results of a multi-year monitoring campaign of the Galactic center (GC) with the MAGIC telescopes. These observations were primarily motivated by reports that a putative gas cloud (G2) would be passing in close proximity to the super-massive black hole (SMBH), associated with Sagittarius A*, located at the center of our galaxy. This event was expected to give astronomers a unique chance to study the effect of in-falling matter on the broad-band emission of a SMBH. Aims. We search for potential flaring emission of very-high-energy (VHE; >= 100 GeV) gamma rays from the direction of the SMBH at the GC due to the passage of the G2 object. Using these data we also study the morphology of this complex region. Methods. We observed the GC region with the MAGIC Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes during the period 2012-2015, collecting 67 h of good-quality data. In addition to a search for variability in the flux and spectral shape of the GC gamma-ray source, we use a point-source subtraction technique to remove the known gamma-ray emitters located around the GC in order to reveal the TeV morphology of the extended emission inside that region. Results. No effect of the G2 object on the VHE gamma-ray emission from the GC was detected during the 4 yr observation campaign. We confirm previous measurements of the VHE spectrum of Sagittarius A*, and do not detect any significant variability of the emission from the source. Furthermore, the known VHE gamma-ray emitter at the location of the supernova remnant G0.9+0.1 was detected, as well as the recently discovered VHE source close to the GG radio arc