ЯКІВ ДМИТРОВИЧ ГРАХОВ – ДІЯЧ КУЛЬТУРИ ТА ОСВІТИ В КАТЕРИНОСЛАВСЬКІЙ ГУБЕРНІЇ

Розглянуто життєвий шлях, освітянську, наукову та музеєзнавчу діяльність директора Катеринославської гімназії та училищ краю Якова Дмитровича Грахова в середині ХІХ ст.The article covers life, scientific and museum activities of Yakiv Dmitrovych Grakhov, a director of Katerinoslav schools in the middle of the 19th centuary

The Trainer Project: A New Simulator-Based Driver Training Curriculum

The purpose of the EU funded TRAINER project is to develop a new cost-effective Pan-European driver training curriculum, includingcomputer-based interactive multimedia and simulator technology. Thecurriculum will pay significant attention to higher order skills including riskawareness. For this purpose a number of scenarios were developed thataddresses the most important needs of learner drivers. These scenarios are usedin a PC-based interactive multimedia tool as well as in a driving simulator. Theinteractive multimedia tool allows training and assessment of higher cognitiveskills (i.e., strategic and manoeuvring tasks), familiarisation of novice driverswith the basic principles of driving, and contributing to a better understandingof (potential) risks. A low cost stationary driving simulator is used for acquiringskills in vehicle handling and negotiating common traffic situations (i.e.,manoeuvring and control tasks). In addition, a mean cost semi-dynamic drivingsimulator is developed for supporting the needs of specific driver cohorts, suchas novice drivers with enhanced knowledge problems and drivers in high-riskgroups. Application of such an advanced computer-based curriculum alsoimplies development of criteria to allow driving instructors to determinetraining progress. These criteria are based on a database of normative driverbehaviour. This paper mainly focuses on the description of the technical (softandhardware) requirements for both low-cost and mean-cost simulators

C9orf72 repeat expansions cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila through arginine-rich proteins

An expanded GGGGCC repeat in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A fundamental question is whether toxicity is driven by the repeat RNA itself and/or by dipeptide repeat proteins generated by repeat-associated, non-ATG translation. To address this question we developed in vitro and in vivo models to dissect repeat RNA and dipeptide repeat protein toxicity. Expression of pure repeats in Drosophila caused adult-onset neurodegeneration attributable to poly-(glycine-arginine) proteins. Thus, expanded repeats promoted neurodegeneration through neurotoxic proteins. Expression of individual dipeptide repeat proteins with a non-GGGGCC RNA sequence showed both poly-(glycine-arginine) and poly-(proline-arginine) proteins caused neurodegeneration. These findings are consistent with a dual toxicity mechanism, whereby both arginine-rich proteins and repeat RNA contribute to C9orf72-mediated neurodegeneration

The translator’s disquiet or daring to make Bernardo Soares speak catalan

La relació entre traducció literària i edició, entesa com a fixació de l’original, afegeix complexitat a un procés que generalment només s’estudia com a generador de diversitat a l’extrem dels resultats, a l’output de la traducció. La història editorial del Llibre del desassossec, de Fernando Pessoa, esdevé un exemple de com pot afegir-se a aquesta complexitat ja coneguda el que suposa l’edició diferida del text. Tot plegat es tracta d’una oportunitat per posar en relleu les relacions entre els moments diversos del fet literari: la creació, l’edició, la publicació, la traducció i les reedicions diverses. S’estudia en aquest article la traducció com a procés de presa de decisions, multiplicadora de les opcions possibles, i també des del concepte de traductibilitat, entès com a atractiu que implica el text a traduir.The relationship between literary translation and editing, understood as the stabilisation of the original, increases the complexity of a process that is generally only studied in the diversification of the final product, in the output of the translation. An editorial history of the Book of Disquiet, by Fernando Pessoa, becomes an example of how we can add the differed edition of the text to this already understood complex process. In its entirety, this is an opportunity to demonstrate the relationships that exist between diverse literary moments: creation, edition, publishing, translating, and various re-editions. This article studies translation as a process of decision-making which multiplies possible options, as well as through the concept of translatability, understood as the attraction factor implicating the text in translation

The roles of charge exchange and dissociation in spreading Saturn's neutral clouds

Neutrals sourced directly from Enceladus's plumes are initially confined to a dense neutral torus in Enceladus's orbit around Saturn. This neutral torus is redistributed by charge exchange, impact/photodissociation, and neutral-neutral collisions to produce Saturn's neutral clouds. Here we consider the former processes in greater detail than in previous studies. In the case of dissociation, models have assumed that OH is produced with a single speed of 1 km/s, whereas laboratory measurements suggest a range of speeds between 1 and 1.6 km/s. We show that the high-speed case increases dissociation's range of influence from 9 to 15 Rs. For charge exchange, we present a new modeling approach, where the ions are followed within a neutral background, whereas neutral cloud models are conventionally constructed from the neutrals' point of view. This approach allows us to comment on the significance of the ions' gyrophase at the moment charge exchange occurs. Accounting for gyrophase: (1) has no consequence on the H2O cloud; (2) doubles the local density of OH at the orbit of Enceladus; and (3) decreases the oxygen densities at Enceladus's orbit by less than 10%. Finally, we consider velocity-dependent, as well as species-dependent cross sections and find that the oxygen cloud produced from charge exchange is spread out more than H2O, whereas the OH cloud is the most confined.Comment: Accepted to the Journal of Geophysical Research, 49 pages, 10 figure

The Io UV footprint: Location, inter-spot distances and tail vertical extent

The Io footprint (IFP) consists of one or several spots observed in both jovian hemispheres and is related to the electromagnetic interaction between Io and the magnetosphere. These spots are followed by an auroral curtain, called the tail, extending more than 90° longitude in the direction of planetary rotation. We use recent Hubble Space Telescope images of Jupiter to analyze the location of the footprint spots and tail as a function of Io's location in the jovian magnetic field. We present here a new IFP reference contour---the locus of all possible IFP positions---with an unprecedented accuracy, especially in previously poorly covered sectors. We also demonstrate that the lead angle - the longitudinal shift between Io and the actual IFP position - is not a reliable quantity for validation of the interaction models. Instead, the evolution of the inter-spot distances appears to be a better diagnosis of the Io-Jupiter interaction. Moreover, we present observations of the tail vertical profiles as seen above the limb. The emission peak altitude is ~900 km and remains relatively constant with the distance from the main spot. The altitudinal extent of the vertical emission profiles is not compatible with precipitation of a mono-energetic electron population. The best fit is obtained for a kappa distribution with a characteristic energy of ~70 eV and a spectral index of 2.3. The broadness of the inferred electron energy spectrum gives insight into the physics of the electron acceleration mechanism at play above the IFP tail

Estimación de la saturación arterial de oxígeno en función de la altitud

Fundamento y objetivosLa saturación arterial de oxígeno (SAO) es capaz de predecir el desarrollo de mal de altura. Objetivos: estimar los valores de SAO en función de la altitud y, adicionalmente, diseñar un gráfico para usar sobre el terreno que muestre la saturación esperada para cada altitud y sus límites de normalidad.Pacientes y métodoSe registraron valores de SAO a los participantes de 8 actividades de alta montaña en los Alpes, el Himalaya, el Cáucaso y los Andes. Participaron 53 montañeros; 17 de ellos repitieron en más de una actividad. Se registraron 761 mediciones de SAO.ResultadosSe diseñó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para estimar los valores de SAO en función de la altitud, ajustados por distintos posibles factores relacionados. Existe una fuerte relación lineal entre altitud y SAO (R2 = 0, 83, p < 0, 001), dando valores 0, 7 puntos mayores en mujeres. La SAO a una determinada altitud no se relaciona con la edad, el peso, la talla, el tabaquismo, la frecuencia cardíaca ni con la experiencia previa en montaña.El cálculo de la estimación de la SAO responde a la siguiente ecuación: SAO = 103, 3 – (altitud × 0, 0047) + (Z), siendo Z = 0, 7 en hombres y 1, 4 en mujeres.Se ha diseñado una gráfica de coordenadas que relaciona la altitud con los valores estimados de SAO con sus límites de normalidad: percentiles 2, 5 y 97, 5.ConclusionesLa sencillez en el cálculo de la SAO estimada para una determinada altitud mediante la gráfica propuesta ayudará en la toma de decisiones precoces sobre el terreno.Background and objectives Arterial Oxygen Saturation (AOS) predicts altitude sickness. Objectives: To estimate the AOS values with relation to altitude. Furthermore, make a graph to use during activity which assesses the AOS for each altitude and the normal range. Patients and method Values of AOS were assessed during eight high mountain activities in the Alps, Himalaya, Caucasus and Andes; 53 mountaineers participated, 17 of them in more than one activity; 761 measurements of AOS were registered. Results A Logistic Regression Model was made to estimate the AOS values dependent on altitude, adjusted to possible related factors. A strong lineal relationship exists between altitude and AOS (R2 = .83, P < .001);.7 points more in women. The AOS in a particular altitude is not related to age, weight, height, smoking, heart rate, or even with previous experiences in mountains. The calculation of the AOS responds to the follow equation: Blood Oxygen Saturation = 103.3 – (altitude ×.0047) + (Z), being Z = .7 in men and 1.4 in women. A scatter plot was made to relate the estimated altitude with the AOS, with their normal limits values: percentiles 2.5 and 97.5. Conclusions The simple calculation of the AOS estimated for a particular altitude with the proposed graphic can help in the early decision-making onsite

1281O Atezolizumab (atezo) vs platinum-based chemo in blood-based tumour mutational burden-positive (bTMB+) patients (pts) with first-line (1L) advanced/metastatic (m)NSCLC: Results of the Blood First Assay Screening Trial (BFAST) phase III cohort C

Background: TMB is a promising biomarker for immunotherapy in NSCLC, but current data are mostly retrospective. As not all pts may have sufficient tissue for comprehensive biomarker testing, bTMB was prospectively tested as a novel biomarker using targeted next-generation sequencing. BFAST (NCT03178552), a global, open-label, multi-cohort trial, evaluated safety and efficacy of targeted therapies or immunotherapy in biomarker-selected pts with unresectable mNSCLC. Here we present results from Cohort C of 1L atezo vs platinum-based chemo in pts with bTMB+ mNSCLC. Methods: We planned to randomise ≈440 pts with 1L mNSCLC with measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 and bTMB ≥10 (9.1 mut/Mb; FMI bTMB assay) 1:1 to atezo 1200 mg IV every 3 weeks or chemo and stratified by tissue availability, ECOG PS, bTMB and histology. The primary endpoint was INV-PFS per RECIST 1.1 in bTMB ≥16 (14.5 mut/Mb) pts. Key secondary endpoints included OS in bTMB ≥10 (intent to treat, ITT) and bTMB ≥16 pts, and INV-PFS in ITT pts. Results: 471 pts were assigned to atezo (n=234) or chemo (n=237). At baseline, 72% had non-squamous histology, 2% never smoked and median SLD was 103 mm. 145 pts with bTMB ≥16 were assigned to atezo and 146 to chemo. At data cutoff (21 May 2020) minimum follow up was 6 mo. INV-PFS difference in bTMB ≥16 pts for atezo vs chemo was not significant (P=0.053; Table). Grade 3-4 TRAEs occurred in 18% (atezo) vs 46% (chemo) of pts. Serious TRAEs occurred in 12% (atezo) vs 14% (chemo). Results at other bTMB thresholds and by F1L CDx will also be presented as an exploratory analysis. Conclusions: The primary PFS endpoint in bTMB ≥16 pts was not met. OS was numerically better with atezo vs chemo but the difference was not statistically significant. The safety profile of atezo vs chemo was favourable and consistent with atezo monotherapy across indications