Avaliação de diferentes fatores na remoção de remazol brilliant blue de soluções aquosas por adsorção em fibras de cana de açúcar e coco verde

As indústrias têxteis, durante o processo de tingimento, liberam uma grande quantidade de corantes na água.Além do seu efeito visual e seus impactos adversos em relação à fotossíntese e demanda química de oxigênio,muitos corantes sintéticos são tóxicos, recalcitrantes, mutagênicos e carcinogênicos. Dessa forma, novas alternativasde tratamento dos efluentes gerados, menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, de baixo custo e renováveistem sido buscadas, como o uso de resíduos agroindustriais lignocelulósicos, como adsorventes de corantes.Neste estudo, cana-de-açúcar e fibras de coco foram estudadas quanto à capacidade de adsorver o coranteRemazol Brilliant Blue BB e investigar os efeitos do tempo, pH, quantidade de material adsorvente e concentraçãode corante na adsorção do corante. O melhor tempo de adsorção foi de 24 h para fibra de coco e 12 hpara fibra de cana-de-açúcar. Para ambas as fibras, o pH ótimo para a adsorção do corante foi 2, e o uso de 20g L-1 de fibra foi o mais efetivo para remover 50-200 mg L-1 de Remazol Brilliant Blue BB, com porcentagensde adsorção acima 90,50% observados para ambas as fibras.Palavras-chave: Corantes têxteis, adsorção e fibras lignocelulósicas

The development of carbonate-containing apatite/collagen composite for osteoconductive apical barrier material.

The current report describes the properties of a new apical barrier material formulated from carbonate-containing apatite (CAp) and collagen. CAp particles of around 50 nm were deposited on reconstituted collagen fibers. CAp/col with about 60 wt % CAp (corresponding to apatite content of bone) was obtained after 1 day of calcification. CAp content increased up to about 80 wt % in a 15-day calcification reaction. CAp/col was composed of fine calcified collagen fibers. The crystallinity and Ca/PO(4) ratio of CAp were comparable to those of bone apatite. The mixture of CAp/col and saline reached a pH of about 9. The optimum powder-to-liquid ratio (P/L) to set into a root canal was determined to be 1.2. Furthermore, the mixture (P/L = 1.2) condensed in a root canal was liquid permeable. Thus, the CAp/col was expected as an apical barrier material with osteoconductivity.The current report describes the properties of a new apical barrier material formulated from carbonate-containing apatite (CAp) and collagen. CAp particles of around 50 nm were deposited on reconstituted collagen fibers. CAp/col with about 60 wt % CAp (corresponding to apatite content of bone) was obtained after 1 day of calcification. CAp content increased up to about 80 wt % in a 15-day calcification reaction. CAp/col was composed of fine calcified collagen fibers. The crystallinity and Ca/PO(4) ratio of CAp were comparable to those of bone apatite. The mixture of CAp/col and saline reached a pH of about 9. The optimum powder-to-liquid ratio (P/L) to set into a root canal was determined to be 1.2. Furthermore, the mixture (P/L = 1.2) condensed in a root canal was liquid permeable. Thus, the CAp/col was expected as an apical barrier material with osteoconductivity

Christopher Simpson The Division-Viol, or The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. EDITIO SECVNDA Part III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" (1)

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§1～§6(pp.27-40)の全訳である

Increased In Vitro Intercellular Barrier Function of Lung Epithelial Cells Using Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

With the emergence of coronavirus disease-2019, researchers have gained interest in the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of MSCs are unclear. We have previously reported that adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) strengthen the barrier function of the pulmonary vessels in scaffold-based bioengineered rat lungs. In this study, we evaluated whether AD-MSCs could enhance the intercellular barrier function of lung epithelial cells in vitro using a transwell coculture system. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements revealed that the peak TEER value was significantly higher in the AD-MSC coculture group than in the AD-MSC non-coculture group. Similarly, the permeability coefficient was significantly decreased in the AD-MSC coculture group compared to that in the AD-MSC non-coculture group. Immunostaining of insert membranes showed that zonula occuldens-1 expression was significantly high at cell junctions in the AD-MSC coculture group. Moreover, cell junction-related gene profiling showed that the expression of some claudin genes, including claudin-4, was upregulated in the AD-MSC coculture group. Taken together, these results showed that AD-MSCs enhanced the barrier function between lung epithelial cells, suggesting that both direct adhesion and indirect paracrine effects strengthened the barrier function of lung alveolar epithelium in vitro

A novel ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered rat lungs

Introduction: Two-dimensional cell cultures have contributed substantially to lung cancer research, but 3D cultures are gaining attention as a new, more efficient, and effective research model. A model reproducing the 3D characteristics and tumor microenvironment of the lungs in vivo, including the co-existence of healthy alveolar cells with lung cancer cells, is ideal. Here, we describe the creation of a successful ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered lungs formed by decellularization and recellularization.Methods: Human cancer cells were directly implanted into a bioengineered rat lung, which was created with a decellularized rat lung scaffold reseeded with epithelial cells, endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC-9, H1299, and PC-6) were applied to demonstrate forming cancer nodules on recellularized lungs and histopathological assessment were made among these models. MUC-1 expression analysis, RNA-seq analysis and drug response test were performed to demonstrate the superiority of this cancer model.Results: The morphology and MUC-1 expression of the model were like those of lung cancer in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed an elevated expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and TNF-α signaling via NF-κB; but suppression of cell cycle-related genes including E2F. Drug response assays showed that gefitinib suppressed PC-9 cell proliferation equally well in the 3D lung cancer model as in 2D culture dishes, albeit over a smaller volume of cells, suggesting that fluctuations in gefitinib resistance genes such as JUN may affect drug sensitivity.Conclusions: A novel ex vivo lung cancer model was closely reproduced the 3D structure and microenvironment of the actual lungs, highlighting its possible use as a platform for lung cancer research and pathophysiological studies

終末期ケア実習における看護学生のコミュニケーション・スキルの獲得が対患者関係知覚とコミュニケーション懸念に及ぼす影響

本研究目的は終末期ケア実習中の看護学生が対患者関係を築き、患者の問題を意識化するためのコミュニケーション・スキル（Communication Skills: CS）を獲得することで対患者関係知覚とコミュニケーション懸念（Communication Apprehension: CA）に及ぼす影響について検討することである。参加者は看護大学3 年生、終末期ケア実習中の学生で、そのなかから彼らの希望で実験群と統制群に振り分けた。実験群には従来の教育に加え、新たな教育としてCS 獲得訓練を行い、介入前後で自己記述式質問紙調査を実施した。統制群には従来の教育を行い、実験群と同時期に質問紙調査を実施した。2 要因（実験条件と実験時期）分散分析の結果、実験群では患者の問題を意識化するためのCS やそのCS に対応した問題解決的応答への知覚が促進され、介入の主効果を認めた。また、実験群では困難性CA が低減傾向であったが、介入効果は十分とは言えず、CA への対処支援として認知的アプローチの必要性が示唆された。The effect of acquiring communication skills on the perception of nurse-patient relationships and communication apprehension in nursing students were empirically examined during the end of life care practicums. Nursing students doing end of life care practicums participated in the study. They were classified into an experimental, or a control group by their free choice. The former received communication skills training as psycho-educational support during practicums, in addition to the standard education, whereas the latter received only the standard education. Pre- and post-practicum self-administered questionnaires assessed the intervention effect. A two-factor analysis of variance indicated a significant main effect of the intervention in the experimental group demonstrated by increased communication skills and improved perception about nurse-patient relationships, although no significant main effect was observed on communication apprehension. It is concluded that nursing students acquired communication skills, and the responsiveness of patients increased through the development of nurse-patient relationships. However, it is suggested that communication apprehension of nursing students would not decrease unless they deal with patients’ responses

Comprehensive survey of p94/calpain 3 substrates by comparative proteomics – Possible regulation of protein synthesis by p94

Calpain represents a family of Ca2+-dependent cytosolic cysteine proteases found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria, and is involved in a variety of biological phenomena, including brain function. Several substrates of calpain are aggressively proteolyzed under pathological conditions, e.g., in neurodegenerating processes, fodrin is proteolyzed by calpain. Because very small amounts of substrate are proteolyzed by calpain under normal biological conditions, the molecular identities of calpain substrates are largely unknown. In this study, an extensive survey of the substrates of p94/calpain 3 in COS7 cells was executed using iTRAQ™ labeling and 2-D LC-MALDI analysis. p94 was used because: (i) several p94 splicing variants are expressed in brain tissue even though p94 itself is a skeletal-muscle-specific calpain, and (ii) it exhibits Ca2+-independent activity in COS cells, which makes it useful for evaluating the effects of p94 protease activity on proteins without perturbing the cells. Our approach revealed several novel protein substrates for p94, including the substrates of conventional calpains, components of the protein synthesis system, and enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The results demonstrate the usefulness and sensitivity of this approach for mining calpain substrates. A combination of this method with other analytical methods would contribute to elucidation of the biological relevance of the calpain family

Low-Dose Intravenous Alteplase in Wake-Up Stroke

Background and Purpose—We assessed whether lower-dose alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg is efficacious and safe for acute fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-negative stroke with unknown time of onset. Methods—This was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label, blinded-end point trial. Patients met the standard indication criteria for intravenous thrombolysis other than a time last-known-well >4.5 hours (eg, wake-up stroke). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg or standard medical treatment if magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging and no marked corresponding hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1). Results—Following the early stop and positive results of the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke), this trial was prematurely terminated with 131 of the anticipated 300 patients (55 women; mean age, 74.4±12.2 years). Favorable outcome was comparable between the alteplase group (32/68, 47.1%) and the control group (28/58, 48.3%; relative risk [RR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.68–1.41]; P=0.892). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 22 to 36 hours occurred in 1/71 and 0/60 (RR, infinity [95% CI, 0.06 to infinity]; P>0.999), respectively. Death at 90 days occurred in 2/71 and 2/60 (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.06–12.58]; P>0.999), respectively. Conclusions—No difference in favorable outcome was seen between alteplase and control groups among patients with ischemic stroke with unknown time of onset. The safety of alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg was comparable to that of standard treatment. Early study termination precludes any definitive conclusions

地域に根付く米国ホスピスのフィールドワーク：ボランティアとの協働からみた本邦の看護教育についての考察

Portland, Oregon, has attracted attention in Japan as the “most desirable city to live in the United States” and “a model of urban development.” The purpose of this study was to examine nursing education in Japan through care that supports people who live and die in the community by visiting the Hopewell House Hospice in Portland. The hospice is run by approximately 70 volunteers and facility staff who provide facility care for 11 beds and about 150 home care patients. From fieldwork conducted at the facility and from an interview with the volunteer staff manager who was a former midwife and nursing manager, we found that the users and the staff themselves have “a special place called a bed,” a “record of their personality and health,” and “prayer and hope”. In addition, the nurses relied on their ingenuity to manage their environment and provide continuous care in order to reach the end stage while keeping the patient connected to the community, which facilitated feelings of joy. Nursing practice in the Hopewell House Hospice was influenced by the climate of the region and the culture of the local residents, so there was an overlap between life and death, which we believe should be incorporated into nursing education in Japan.論

Variants of C-C Motif Chemokine 22 (CCL22) Are Associated with Susceptibility to Atopic Dermatitis: Case-Control Studies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. AD is characterized by the local infiltration of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Recent clinical studies have shown important roles of the Th2 chemokines, CCL22 and CCL17 in the pathogenesis of AD. To investigate whether polymorphisms of the CCL22 gene affect the susceptibility to AD, we conducted association studies and functional studies of the related variants. We first resequenced the CCL22 gene and found a total of 39 SNPs. We selected seven tag SNPs in the CCL22 gene, and conducted association studies using two independent Japanese populations (1st population, 916 cases and 1,032 controls; 2nd population 1,034 cases and 1,004 controls). After the association results were combined by inverse variance method, we observed a significant association at rs4359426 (meta-analysis, combined P = 9.6×10−6; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65–0.85). Functional analysis revealed that the risk allele of rs4359426 contributed to higher expression levels of CCL22 mRNA. We further examined the allelic differences in the binding of nuclear proteins by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The signal intensity of the DNA-protein complex derived from the G allele of rs223821, which was in absolute LD with rs4359426, was higher than that from the A allele. Although further functional analyses are needed, it is likely that related variants play a role in susceptibility to AD in a gain-of-function manner. Our findings provide a new insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of AD