Notes on sphere-based universal extra dimensions

Hideto Dohi, Takuya Kakuda, Kenji Nishiwaki, Kin-ya Oda, Naoya Okuda. Notes on sphere-based universal extra dimensions. https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.1954

Universal Extra Dimensions on Real Projective Plane

We propose a six dimensional Universal Extra Dimensions (UED) model compactified on a real projective plane $RP^2$, a two-sphere with its antipodal points being identified. We utilize the Randjbar-Daemi-Salam-Strathdee spontaneous sphere compactification with a monopole configuration of an extra $U(1)_X$ gauge field that leads to a spontaneous radius stabilization. Unlike the sphere and the so-called $S^2/Z_2$ compactifications, the massless $U(1)_X$ gauge boson is safely projected out. We show how a compactification on a non-orientable manifold results in a chiral four dimensional gauge theory by utilizing 6D chiral gauge and Yukawa interactions. The resultant Kaluza-Klein mass spectra are distinct from the ordinary UED models compactified on torus. We briefly comment on the anomaly cancellation and also on a possible dark matter candidate in our model.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure (v1); Comments and references added, 15 pages (v2); Comments and references added, 15 pages, version to appear in Phys. Lett. B (v3

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS : A SUMMARY OF 10 CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Case reports of 10 patients with IgA nephropathy associated with diabetes mellitus are presented. The clinical characteristics of each of the patients are summarized. We determined the incidence of IgA nephropathy in a total of 313 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent renal biopsy between 1982 and 1996 : it was 3.2% for the group of all diabetic patients, and 10.8% for diabetic patients with overt proteinuria. Clinicopath- ologic features of IgA nephropathy observed in diabetic patients are discussed in the context of a review of the literature

MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS : REPORT OF FOUR CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Case reports of 4 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) associated with diabetes mellitus are presented. The clinical characteristics of each of the patients differed. We determined the incidence of MN in a total of 292 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent renal biopsy between 1982 and 1995 : it was 1.4% for the group of all patients, and 4.8% for patients with overt proteinuria. Clinicopathologic features of MN observed in diabetic patients are discussed in the context of a review of the literature