Multimode delivery in the classroom

Because of recent technological advances, subtitling is now easier and more versatile than in the past. There is an increasing interest in the use of digitally-recorded audiovisual materials with both soundtrack and subtitles in the same language as a language-learning aid. The full potential of this is not currently attained because of poor-quality subtitling and less appropriate “caption” or “synopsis” rather than “transcription” subtitles. An adaptation of a format successful over two decades in Europe might be of value for South-East Asian language learners

Comments on some early translations of Lorca

In the early part of the twentieth century, Spain was a country relatively httle known in Britain. There was no linguistic tourism to bring Spaniards to Britain, and the flow of refugees in the nineteenth century had more or less dried up by its final quarter. The number of British nationals to be found in Spain was likewise small, so much so that the writers Laurie Lee and Robert Graves were both, as recorded in their books, picked up by British warships sent specifically for them at the start of the Civil War in 193

Dubbing And Subtitling – The Tailor of Panama

P. 177-194Este trabajo no es más que un primer debate sobre la dificultad para los traductores y de las soluciones propuestas por las dos versiones de la película del Sastre de Panamá. En realidad no es apropiada para sacar conclusiones generales a partir de esta discusión. Sin embargo, se pueden establecer dos puntos. Uno es que ciertos tipos de elemento son más difícil de traducir que otros, ejemplos de estos tipos son recogidos aquí. Otra, relacionada con doblaje, habrá momentos en que la expresión ideal desde el punto de vista de traducción será excluida por las limitaciones de tratar de lograr la sincronización de labios razonable. Seguir con las investigaciones de las transcripciones de las películas es por lo tanto un área interesante para los estudios de traducción en genera

Challenges Facing the Disabled People’s Movement in the UK: An Analysis of Activist’s Positions

This thesis explores disabled activist’s perceptions of the challenges to British disabled people thrown up by changes in policy and cuts to services made by the coalition government of 2010-2015. These themes are explored through a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with 20 disabled activists. The thesis begins with a presentation of the history of the British Disabled People’s Movement, drawing on writers such as Hunt (1966, 1981), Campbell and Oliver (1996) and Barnes and Mercer (2006). This is followed by an overview of available evidence concerning current challenges to the standard of living of disabled people. The next chapter involves a discussion of methods in the form of a narrative account of the development of the thesis. This is followed by an interrogation of prominent methodologies in disability research, pointing to the strengths and drawbacks of the emancipatory disability research approach (Oliver, 1992; Bares 2008) by drawing on critical realist perspectives (Sayer, 1992; Lawson, 1999). Moving on to an analysis of interview data, the combination of challenges currently facing disabled people are explicated. To make sense of challenges revealed at individual, collective and ideological levels, the notion of ‘enforced individualism’ (Roulstone and Morgan, 2009) is drawn upon. It is argued that, taken together, these challenges comprise novel forms of disablism that coexist with older and more familiar forms of disablism associated with paternalism and oppression within institutions. Following examination of these challenges, attention turns to the political positions and responses that disabled people have adopted in reaction. To theorise such responses, Fraser’s (1995: 2003) analysis of injustice and resistance is applied to the political positions taken by participants. Later chapters reflect further on injustice and resistance, drawing again on Fraser, as well as the extension of the social model of disability presented by Thomas (1999; 2007; 2010; 2012), the political theory of Holloway (1991; 1993a; 1993b; 2005) and the political economy of Polanyi (1944). These theories serve to highlight the nature of contemporary anti-disablist resistance, and also provide a novel means of conceptualising the relationship of disability studies and disability activism

Internalised stigma in mental health:an investigation of the role of attachment style

Internalised stigma is associated with a range of negative outcomes, yet little is known about what determines the internalisation of stigma. In this study we examined the potential role of adult attachment style in the internalisation process in a transdiagnostic sample of adults with experience of recent mental health service use (n = 122), using an online survey. Associations between internalised stigma and perceived public stigma were tested. We also examined whether anxious and avoidant (insecure) attachment styles were positively associated with a significant amount of variance in internalised stigma when controlling for other variables, and whether the relationship between perceived public stigma and internalised stigma was moderated by anxious and avoidant attachment. We found that internalised stigma, perceived public stigma and insecure attachment were commonly reported and that internalised stigma was positively associated with perceived public stigma. However, neither anxious or avoidant attachment were associated with a significant amount of variance in internalised stigma and we found no moderating effect on the relationship between perceived public stigma and internalised stigma for insecure attachment. Despite mixed results, the strength of association between anxious attachment and internalised stigma suggests further research, which addresses some limitations of the current study, is warranted

Internalised stigma in mental health:an investigation of the role of attachment style

This thesis examines the role of adult attachment style on the internalisation of stigma amongst adults affected by mental health problems in the United Kingdom. A systematic review, completed for this thesis, on the role of social and relational factors in internalised stigma found strongest evidence for a negative association between social support and internalised stigma. Just one eligible study considered the role of attachment style. In the empirical study, a transdiagnostic sample with experience of recent secondary mental health service use (n = 122) completed an online cross-sectional survey with measures of internalised and perceived public stigma, adult attachment style, self-esteem, mood and functioning. Correlation analysis tested whether internalised stigma and perceived public stigma were significantly positively correlated (hypothesis one). Hierarchical multiple regression tested whether anxious and avoidant attachment styles were positively associated with a significant amount of variance in internalised stigma when controlling for other variables (hypotheses two and three). Regression-based moderation analysis tested whether the relationship between perceived public stigma and internalised stigma was moderated by anxious and avoidant attachment styles (hypotheses four and five). Results indicated that internalised stigma, perceived public stigma and insecure attachment were common in this sample. Internalised stigma was positively associated with perceived public stigma but neither anxious or avoidant attachment were associated with a significant amount of variance in internalised stigma when controlling for other variables. Similarly, no moderating effect on the relationship between perceived public stigma and internalised stigma was found for insecure attachment. Limitations, which may have contributed towards the failure to find some predicted effects, are discussed. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed and recommendations are made for future research. It is concluded that despite these mixed results further research on the role of attachment style in internalised stigma is warranted

Cell cycle dependent expression of the CCK2 receptor by gastrointestinal myofibroblasts: putative role in determining cell migration.

The well-known action of the gastric hormone gastrin in stimulating gastric acid secretion is mediated by activation of cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCK2R). The latter are expressed by a variety of cell types suggesting that gastrin is implicated in multiple functions. During wound healing in the stomach CCK2R may be expressed by myofibroblasts. We have now characterized CCK2R expression in cultured myofibroblasts. Immunocytochemistry showed that a relatively small proportion (1-6%) of myofibroblasts expressed the receptor regardless of the region of the gut from which they were derived, or whether from cancer or control tissue. Activation of CCK2R by human heptadecapeptide gastrin (hG17) increased intracellular calcium concentrations in a small subset of myofibroblasts indicating the presence of a functional receptor. Unexpectedly, we found over 80% of cells expressing CCK2R were also labeled with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) which is incorporated into DNA during S-phase of the cell cycle. hG17 did not stimulate EdU incorporation but increased migration of both EdU-labeled and unlabelled myofibroblasts; the migratory response was inhibited by a CCK2R antagonist and by an inhibitor of IGF receptor tyrosine kinase; hG17 also increased IGF-2 transcript abundance. The data suggest myofibroblasts express CCK2R in a restricted period of the cell cycle during S-phase, and that gastrin accelerates migration of these cells; it also stimulates migration of adjacent cells probably through paracrine release of IGF. Together with previous findings, the results raise the prospect that gastrin controls the position of dividing myofibroblasts which may be relevant in wound healing and cancer progression in the gastrointestinal tract

Understanding the Outcomes of Supplementary Support Services in Palliative Care for Older People:A Scoping Review and Mapping Exercise

Context: Supplementary support services in palliative care for older people are increasingly common, but with no recommended tools to measure outcomes, nor reviews synthesising anticipated outcomes. Common clinically focussed tools may be less appropriate. Objective: To identify stakeholder perceptions of key outcomes from supplementary palliative care support services, then map these onto outcome measurement tools to assess relevance and item redundancy. Methods: A scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s design. EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PSYCHinfo searched using terms relating to palliative care, qualitative research and supplementary support interventions. Papers imported into Endnote™, and Covidence™ used by two reviewers to assess against inclusion criteria. Included papers were imported into NVivo™, and thematically coded to identify key concepts underpinning outcomes. Each item within contender outcome measurement tools was assessed against each concept. Results: 60 included papers focused on advance care planning, guided conversations, and volunteer befriending services. Four concepts were identified: enriching relationships; greater autonomy and perceived control; knowing more; and improved mental health. Mapping concepts to contender tool items revealed issues of relevance and redundancy. Some tools had no redundant items, but mapped only to two of four outcome themes, others mapped to all concepts, but with many redundant questions. Tools such as ICECAP-SCM and McGill Quality of Life had high relevance and low redundancy. Conclusions: Pertinent outcome concepts for these services and population are not well represented in commonly used outcome measurement tools, and this may have implications in appropriately measuring outcomes. This review and mapping method may have utility in fields where selecting appropriate outcome tools can be challenging

Exploring a New Model of End-of-Life Care for Older People that Operates in the Space Between the Life World and the Healthcare System:A Qualitative Case Study

Background Innovative service models to facilitate end-of-life care for older people may be required to enable and bolster networks of care. The aim of this study was to understand how and why a new charitably funded service model of end-of-life care impacts upon the lives of older people. Methods A multiple exploratory qualitative case study research strategy. Cases were 3 sites providing a new end-oflife service model for older people. The services were provided in community settings, primarily providing support in peoples own homes. Study participants included the older people receiving the end-of-life care service, their informal carers, staff providing care within the service and other stakeholders. Data collection included individual interviews with older people and informal carers at 2 time points, focus group interviews with staff and local stakeholders, nonparticipant observation of meetings, and a final cross-case deliberative panel discussion workshop. Framework analysis facilitated analysis within and across cases. Results Twenty-three service users and 5 informal carers participated in individual interviews across the cases. Two focus groups were held with an additional 12 participants, and 19 people attended the deliberative panel workshop. Important elements contributing to the experience and impacts of the service included organisation, where services felt they were ‘outsiders,’ the focus of the services and their flexible approach; and the impacts particularly in enriching relationships and improving mental health. Conclusion These end-of-life care service models operated in a space between the healthcare system and the person’s life world. This meant there could be ambiguity around their services, where they occupied a liminal, but important, space. These services are potentially important to older people, but should not be overly constrained or they may lose the very flexibility that enables them to have impact

'To wait or not to wait':lessons from running a wait-list controlled trial (ELSA) of a volunteer befriending service at the end of life within NHS, hospice and voluntary sectors

Background: Many innovations in palliative care are implemented without robust understanding of their effect. Trials are underused as they can be considered ethically and pragmatically challenging. Wait-list designs show promise as they enable all participants to receive the intervention, but with the rigour of a controlled trial. Aim: To provide recommendations on running wait-list trials in partnership with lay researchers within the hospice and voluntary sectors. Methods: A wait-list controlled trial testing volunteer delivered social action befriending services across 11 hospice, charity and NHS sites. Many non-clinical staff are responsible for site trial management and informed consent procedures, prepared with innovative face to face role play workshops. Participants are estimated to be in their last year of life, randomly allocated to receive the befriending intervention immediately or after a four week wait. Data collection at baseline, 4, 8 weeks: WHO QOL BREF, Loneliness scale, mMOS-SS, social networks. Intention to treat analysis includes fitting a linear mixed effect model to each outcome variable at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. ISRCTN 12929812 Results: Participants (currently n=117, recruitment commenced 6/15, completes 12/15) are currently at all trial stages. Methodological challenges centre on ‘the wait’. Initiation issues include acknowledging site staff design concerns and involving them in developing the protocol and documentation. Ongoing ‘wait’ issues involve providing support to address informed consent concerns and understanding trial procedures, addressing disappointment of ‘the wait’ allocation, allocating volunteers in a timely fashion, and the impact this has on understanding effect for this design. Conclusions: It is possible to run a rigorous and ethical wait-list trial in partnership with non-clinical site staff and volunteers. Key considerations include assessment of the wait period and data collection timing, understanding providing a service in the context of a trial, and clear responsive communications to support staff