Assessment of genetic diversity in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. by RAPD markers

Genetic diversity of forty (40) clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers by selecting 30 decamer primers, which were later reduced to 10 based on the preliminary PCR amplification. A total of 129 distinct DNA fragments (bands) were amplified, of which 104 bands were polymorphic ranging from 200 to 1300 base pairs. The number of amplified bands per clone varied from 11 to 15 and polymorphism percentage ranged from 18.18 to 100 with an average of 79.23. Jaccard similarity coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.95 showing a wide range of variability among the clones. The maximum similarity was found between clone 10 and 12 and the most dissimilar clones were 9032 and 5030 with minimum similarity coefficient of 0.66. The clones were grouped into two clusters which were further divided into sub-clusters. The sub-cluster II consisted maximum of twelve clones followed by cluster I (11 clones) and cluster VI (7 clones) whereas clusters IV, VII and VIII consisted single clone each. In fact, clone 5022 was found to be the most divergent clone which could be used for number of combinations to be established in the seed orchards and as a parent in hybridization programme.Key words: Dalbergia sissoo, genetic divergence, seed orchards, similarity coefficient

Some Medicinal Weeds Associated with Terraces of Crop Fields of Pauri, India

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in order to identify the medicinal weeds of crop fields in Pauri (located at an elevation of 1650m in northwest Garhwal Himalayas of Uttaranchal) and to find out the possibilities of utilizing these weeds. The information about their potential uses were collected with help of reference literature of different medicine systems. The study revealed that about 18 species of weeds in crop fields, of Pauri possessed medicinal properties. The study suggested a tremendous scope of utilizing these weeds to promote additional income to the inhabitants

Efficient and Accurate Statistical Timing Analysis for Non-Linear Non-Gaussian Variability With Incremental Attributes

In this work, we present a non linear non Gaussian and incremental Statistical Timing Analysis (SSTA) framework. Specifically, unlike current approaches for non linear non Gaussian SSTA which have numerical components, our approach is a completely analytical. We also investigate the incremental aspects of SSTA and present (1) a fast yet accurate incremental approach (2) a method to efficiently estimate the expected error injected by the incremental SSTA, which could be used to decide, when accurate SSTA should be executed and when incremental SSTA would suffice. Our approach (non incremental) is about 9588 times faster than Monte Carlo whereas an existing state of the art non linear non Gaussian SSTA engine is only 31.3 times faster. Both had comparable errors w.r.t. Monte Carlo. Our incremental approach is 23 times faster than the accurate SSTA approach. Moreover, our error estimating methodology can accurately capture the trends of error injection due to incremental SSTA. Therefore, it could be used to predict when accurate SSTA is needed and when incremental is sufficient

Studies on plant regeneration and transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium mediated transformation using neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene

Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil plant pathogenic bacterium, is the most used method for the introduction of foreign genes into plant cells and the subsequent regeneration of transgenic plants. We have standardized the tissue culture media for the regeneration and transformation with the vector LBA 4404 (pCAMBIA 2301), so that in future, this system may be exploited for the expression of antibody fragment (single chain variable fragment) in plants (plantibody). The transformed green shoots tested positive for neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene and glucuronidase (GUS) were screened, rooted on MS medium and subsequently hardened to harvest seeds. The transformation frequency of Agrobacterium (LBA 4404) with the binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 on the basis of GUS resistance was found to be 2.9%.Key words: Agrobacterium, transformation, Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco, transformation frequency

Genetic polymorphism in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. using RAPD markers

164-173Genetic diversity in forty nine genotypes of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 10 decamer primers. A total of 129 distinct DNA fragments (bands) were amplified, of which 109 bands were polymorphic ranged from 200 to 1300 base pair. In fact, the number of amplified bands per genotypes varied from 7 to 14 and polymorphism percentage ranged from 63.63 to 93.33 with an average of 84.93. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) for RAPD primers was recorded to be 0.24 which ranged from 0.24 to 0.33. The Jaccard similarity coefficient ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 showing wide range of variability among the genotypes. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) depicted relationship among the genotypes, which were found to be complimentary to each other. The maximum genetic diversity (0.38) was reported between genotypes FRI/DS/7006 and FRI/DS/0059, whereas genotypes FRI/DS/0218 and FRI/DS/1003 were found to be least divergent (0.07). The genotypes were grouped into eight clusters, off which, cluster II contained maximum twenty genotypes, and cluster VII and VIII comprised just one genotypes each

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE BARK OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA (CAESALPINIACEAEA)

Bauhinia variegata (Family - Caesalpiniaceaea) is a medium-sized, deciduous tree, found throughout India, ascending to an altitude up to 1800m in Himalayas. The objective of the study was to develop various standardization parameters for the evaluation of Bark of this plant. Microscopy, powder characteristics of bark were observed and results were recorded. Physicochemical analysis such as extractive value includes petroleum ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble extractive values of 2.88, 6.86, 2.96, and 8.88% w/w respectively; extracts were analysed by chemical test and showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids etc. The preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated presence of tannins, carbohydrates, flavenoieds and steroids. The results obtained from standardization of bark established the macro and microscopical parameters, physicochemical parameters, TLC profiles that characterize the genuine plant drug (B.variegata) so these parameters are useful for quick identification of drug and are particularly useful in the case of powdered materials

REVIEW POTENT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS FROM AQUATIC PLANTS – REVIEW

Several biologically active secondary metabolites from aquatic plants have been extracted and identified using modern instrumental BioTechniques and used in various ways as flavors, food, additives, coloring agents, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and also as unique source of pharma industries for the discovery or development of new drugs. From algae to aquatic macrophytes belonging to various categories, aquatic plants produce a variety of compounds such as polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, steroids, quinones, tannins, coumarins, and essential oils commercially involving in antibiotic, antiviral, antioxidant, antifouling, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, and antimitotic activities; thus making them a rich source of medicinal compounds. Moreover, they are comprehensively used in human therapy, veterinary, agriculture, scientific research, and in countless areas. Importantly these chemicals are exercised for developing new antimicrobial and cancer drugs. Furthermore, antioxidant molecules in aquatic plants and seaweeds have recently been acknowledged. This review contains a consolidated contemporary document consisting of entire knowledge available on pharmaceutical products of aquatic plants and highlights major differences among secondary metabolites found in aquatic (algae) and terrestrial plants

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield components in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

Twentynine collections of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were studied for variability, character association and path analysis for yield and its 10 component characters. Wide range of variability was observed for most of the characters studied. Rhizome yield per plant was positively associated with plant height, number of fingers per plant ,weight of fingers and weight of primary rhizome. Plant analysis revealed that weight of fingers, width of fingers and leaf width were the strongest forces influencing yield. &nbsp

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield components in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

Twentynine collections of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were studied for variability, character association and path analysis for yield and its 10 component characters. Wide range of variability was observed for most of the characters studied. Rhizome yield per plant was positively associated with plant height, number of fingers per plant ,weight of fingers and weight of primary rhizome. Plant analysis revealed that weight of fingers, width of fingers and leaf width were the strongest forces influencing yield. &nbsp