Twentynine collections of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were studied for variability, character association and path analysis for yield and its 10 component characters. Wide range of variability was observed for most of the characters studied. Rhizome yield per plant was positively associated with plant height, number of fingers per plant ,weight of fingers and weight of primary rhizome. Plant analysis revealed that weight of fingers, width of fingers and leaf width were the strongest forces influencing yield.
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DOBHAL, G PANDEY, V K

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JournaL of Spices & Aromatic Crops 2 (J&2) : 16-20, 1993 16 Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield components in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) G PANDEYl & V K DOBHAL2 NationaL Bureau of PLant Genetic Resources, RegionaL Station ShiLLong . 793 103, MeghaLaya, India. ABSTRACT Twentynine collections of ginger (Zingiber officinaLe) were studied for variability, character association and path analysis for yield and its 10 component characters. Wide range of variability was observed for most of the characters studied. Rhizome yield per plant was positively associated with plant height, number of fingers per plant ,weight of fingers and weight of primary rhizome. Plant analysis revealed that weight of fingers, width of fingers and leaf width were the strongest forces influencing yield. Key words: character association, genetic variability, ginger, path analysis, Zingiber officinale. Introduction Knowledge of various character associa· tions provided the basis of seleclion for yield and its components in crop im· provement programmes. Since yield is a complex quantitative trait, simple char-acter associations do not furnish precise estimate of cause effect relationship of various traits determining yield. Path coefficient analysis is a useful tool to understand direct and indirect effects of various characters influencing yield. Although several reports are. available on phenotypic variability in ginger (Muralidharan & Sakunthala 1974; Nybe & Nair 1981), very little work has been done on correlation and path analysis in this crop. The present investigation is an attempt to find our the associations among characters and to identify the strongest characters afecting yield in ginger. Materials and methods Twentynine collections of ginger collected from Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Nagaland were grown during kharif of 1991 following a Randomised Block De· sign with two replications. The plot size was 1.35 m x 1.5 m consisting of three rows of five plants each spaced 45 cm x 30 cm apart. Recommended package of IPresent address: NBPGR Regiona! Station, Phag!i, Shim!a . 171 004, India. 2NBPGR Regiona! Station, PhagJi, Shim!a· 171 004, India. Yield components in ginge r practices were fo llowed to ra ise the crop. Observations on five randomly selected plants were recorded for the characters as li sted in Table 1. The mean values of fi ve plants were used for statistical analysis. Correlation s were worked out fo ll owing the method of Panse & Sukhatme (1978) and path a nalysis was calcul ated as suggested by Dewey & Lu (1959). Results and discussion Th e ana lysis of variance revealed highly sign ificant differences among collecti ons studi ed for all the characters except for finger length and width. The collection H-85 (203.2 g) followed by NH 6/4 (175.6 g) and MNCHl56 (174.3 g) were the high yielders and also exhibited higher meall values for weight offingers and primary rhizome. Th e genotypes BD-16 (34.7 cm) and DKH-34 (33.1 cm) were tall er while the genotypes DKH-28 (7.10) and TURA (7.95) exhibited higher number of suckers/plant. 17 The genetic variability parameters for the characters (Table1) revealed that phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was in h igh er magn itude than the cor-responding genotypic coeffici ent ofvari-abi lity (GCV) for a ll the characters. Higher magnitude of PCV and GCV was observed for plant height, number of suckers and fingers, weight of pri -mary rhizome and yield per plant indi -cating presence of wide range of vari -abi lity for these traits. Lowest values for leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves and length of fingers suggested rather limi ted variability and need to ge nerate more variability for wider spectrum of selection . Medium herita-bi lity (broad sense) was observed for number of suckers and leaves, weight of fingers and primary rhizome and yield per plant suggesti ng that selection would be more effective for these traits. This selection would be more meaningful if genetic advance (G A) is a lso taken in to consideration simultaneously. High heritability coupled with high GA was Table 1. Estimates of genetic constants for 11 characters in 29 lines of ginger Character Range GA Min. Max. Mean PCV (%) GCV (%) h2 (% of x ) Plant height (cm) 14. 25 34. 70 25.09 22.85 11.94 27.28 12.85 Suckers / plant 2.25 7.95 3.99 41.16 26.76 42.26 35.84 Leaves / plant. 9.25 16.60 12.59 16.31 10.18 39. 15 13.15 Leaf length (cm) 13.60 22.65 18.15 15.67 8.11 26.80 8.65 Leaf width (c m) 2.02 3.25 2.54 15.95 7.37 21.30 6.97 Fingers / plant 1.10 4.40 2.58 40.52 22.08 29. 70 24.75 Finger length (cm) 3.70 5.80 4.52 14.54 5.64 15.05 4.49 Finger width (cm) 1.76 3.33 2.23 27.04 8.26 9.34 5.20 Finger weight (g) 59.00 186.00 122.65 31.25 18.32 34.37 22.08 Wt. of pri!nary 5.95 17.20 11.04 33.23 20.44 37.83 25.87 rhizome (g) Yield / plant (g) 67.60 203.20 130.23 29.68 18.74 39.89 24.33 pev: Phenotypic coeffi cient of variability Gey: Genotypic coeffici ent of variability GA : Genetic advance . '1) e R. " '<Table 2. Estimates of simple correlation coefficients among 11 characters in 29 lines of ginger R> t::l Character Plant Suckers! Leaves! Leaf Leaf Fingers! Finger Finger Finger Wt. of c Co height plant plant length width plant length width weight primary ;::-., (em) (em) (em) (em) (em) (em) (g) rhizome -(g) Plant height (em) 1.000 Suekers!plant -0.029 . 1.000 Leaves!plant 0.643** 0.103 1.000 Leaf length (em) 0.817** 0.148 0.378* 1.000 Leaf width (em) 0.448** 0.051 0.622*' 0.274 1.000 Fingers/plant 0.580** 0.450** 0.533** 0.321 0.342 1.000 Finger length (em) 0.276 0.306 0.252 0.083 0.231 0.494** 1.000 Finger width (em) 0.296 0.223 0.167 0.315 -0.111 0.308 0.242 1.000 Finger weight (g) 0.379** 0.341 0.112 0.155 0.049 0.354 0.230 0.380* 1.000 Wt. of primary 0.610** 0.025 0.396* 0.388* 0.352 0.241 0.353 0.313 0.479** 1.000 rhizome (g) Yield/plant (g) 0.460'* 0.191 0.196 0.255 0.130 0.410** 0.250 0.428**' 0.920** 0.499** " ** : P = 0.05; P = 0.01, respectively ... 00 "< ;;. -R. T able 3. P a t h analysis for yield components showing· direct and indirect effects in ginger .., c Character Plant Suckers! Leaves/ Leaf . Leaf Fingers! Finger Finger Finger Wt.of TC with -5 c height plant plant length width plant length width weight primary yield! ;;; (em) (em) (em) (em) (em) (g) rhizome(g) plant(g) :::. '" ~ . Plant height(em ) -0.120 0.006 0.014 0.058 0.034 0.087 0.004 0.028 0.356 -0.011 0.460" ;: OQ Suekers!plant 0.007 . -0.224 0.002 -0.011 0.004 0.068 0.004 0.021 0.320 0.000 0.191 ;:; OQ " 0.021 -, Leaves/plant -0.154 -0.023 0.027 0.047 0.080 0.003 0.016 0.105 -0.007 0.196 Leaf length(em) -0.196 0.033 0.008 0.071 0.021 0.048 0.001 0.029 0.146 -0.007 0.255 Leaf width(cm) -0.108 0.011 0.030 0.019 0.076 0.051 0.003 -0.010 0.046 -0.006 0.130 Fingers/plant -0.139 -0.101 0.011 0.023 0.026 0.150 0.006 0.029 0.332 0.004 0.410' Finger length (em) -0.066 -0.069 0.005 0.006 0.018 0.074 0.013 0.023 0.216 -0.006 0.250 Finger width (em) -0.071 . -0.050 0.004 0.022 0.008 0.046 0.003 0.093 0.357 -0.006 0.428' Finger weight (g) -0.091 -0.076 0.002 0.011 0.004 0.053 0.003 0.035 0.989 -0.009 0.920*' Wt. of primary rhizome (g) -0.146 0.006 0.008 0.028 0.027 0.036 0.005 0.029 0.450 -0.018 0.499** Residual effect = 0.246 TC : Total correlation Figures in italics denote direct effect ,... '" Pandey & Dobhal observed for suckers per plant, weight offingers and primary rhizome and yield per plant indicating that desirable im-provement in these traits can be bl:ought about through straight selection . High heritability coupl ed with high genetic advance for yield per plant was also reported by Ma ity, Sengupta & Sam (1989). The estimates of simple cOJ'J'elation co-efficients (Table 2) revealed that plant height, number of fingers and yi e ld per plant were signigicantly and positively associated with each other as also with most of the remaining traits. Highest significant and positive correlation was observed between yield per plant and fin ger weight followed by plant height and leafl ength. '1'0 understand the cause and effect rela tion ship, the correlations were further partition ed into indirect and indirect effects towards yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis (Table 3) for yield per plant as dependent variable revealed that weight of fingers had th e largest direct effect (0.989) on yield fol-lowed by number offingers (0.150), width offingers (0.093) and lea f width (0.076). These characters could thus be utilised by breeders as selection criteria to iso-late higher yielding lin es. In general, the indirect effect via weight of fingers was also high and positive suggesting that this character is most important influencing yield. Significant correla-tion with yield was recorded in case of weight of fingers because the characters plant height, number of suckers and weight of primary rhizome were hinder-ing indirectly towards contributing more yield. However, caution must be exercised during selection against maximum plant height, number of suckers and weight of primary rhizome as these may offset the 20 gain. Thus there is need to determine optimum number in these cases beyond which adverse effect would occur. Plant height, number of suckers and weight of primary rhizome exhibited negative di-rect effects on yield although the corre-lations were positi ve and significant. On the basis of these observations, it can be concluded that characters like weight of fingers, width of fin gers and leaf width are the strongest forces influencing yield per plant in ginger. Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Dr. R S Rana, Direc-tor, NBPGR, New Delhi and the Officer in Charge, NBPGR Regional Station, Shillong for encouragement and pI'ovid-ing necessary faciliti es. The help ren-dered in recording observations by Mr. A K Daka is gratefully acknowledged. References Dewey D R & Lu K H 1959 A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass seed production. Agron . J. 51 : 511-518. Maity '1' K, Sengupta D K & Som M G 1989 Genetic variability and cor-relation studies in ginger. Indian Agric. 33 : 31-38 Muralidharan A & Sakunthala B 1974 Variablity in different varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Indian Spices 11 : 2-5. Nybe E V & Nair P C S 1981 Va ri etal screening in ginger. Kerala Ag'I·ic. Res. J. 19 : 5-9. Panse V G & Sukhatme 1978 Stati sti-ca l Methods for Agricultural Workers. Indian Council of Agri-cultural Research, New Delhi. 

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield components in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

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Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield components in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

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