Methodology for determining the parameters of high-temperature superconducting power transformers with current limiting function

This paper substantiates a new adaptive method for determining parameters of high-temperature superconducting power transformers with current limiting function. The main focus is the design of current-limiting superconducting windings in the light of new restrictions on current density, magnetic induction, critical current and critical temperature. The presented method considers the nature of alternating current (AC) losses in a superconductor under nominal operating conditions, features of the dielectric medium (liquid nitrogen), as well as the reduced values of the short-circuit voltage (0.5 to 1.5%). The main design features of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformers are specified, and a prototype of a three-phase HTS transformer of 63 kVA with a short-circuit current limiting function is developed. It is shown that HTS units have some advantages over conventional transformers: a 90 to 95% active losses reduction, short-circuit current limitation function, explosion and fire safety, a 60% reduction in weight and size, and increased efficiency (up to 99.8%). Experimental studies confirm that the short-circuit current limitation function is safe and efficient. It is demonstrated that during the short-circuit current limitation, significant heat flows occur on the windings, which should not exceed the critical value above which the superconductor could not return to the superconducting state by itself

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SEARCH AS A MEANS OF FORCIBLE SEIZURE OF PROPERTY IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A CRIME

The article deals with the criminal procedure, psychological and tactical aspects of conducting a search, as one of the most important investigative actions carried out in order to compensate for the damage caused by a crime at the stage of preliminary investigation. The authors substantiate the position that пwhen conducting a search, the investigator (inquirer) should focus his efforts on such aspects of its production that directly affect the effectiveness of all activities aimed at compensating for damage caused by a crime.  It is established that the importance of conducting a search in the general array of procedural actions aimed at compensating for damage caused by a crime is also evidenced by specific examples from the practical activities of preliminary investigation bodies. In conclusion, the authors propose to supplement Article 182 of the Code of Criminal Procedure with Part 17 stating that search may be carried out for the purpose of detecting and seizing objects, documents and valuables that, in accordance with Articles 81 and 82 of this Code, are subject to return to the rightful owner, if this is possible without prejudice to evidence

Restitution as a Prerequisite for Case Termination: Analyzing Conditional Exoneration in Russian Criminal Procedure

In this scholarly article, the researchers methodically examine the protocols involved in discontinuing criminal cases through the conciliation of the involved parties, as well as ceasing criminal prosecution on the grounds of active contrition, contingent upon the pivotal requirement of recompensing the damage inflicted by the criminal act. The study substantiates that the investigator, or the individual responsible for the preliminary inquiry, bears the mandatory duty to ascertain, via investigative measures, that the injury wrought by the criminal offence has been comprehensively redressed. The authors delineate that the transcript of the victim's interrogation is the most prevalent procedural document, signifying that the conciliation procedures are mutually satisfactory, voluntary, and indicative of the parties' willingness and preparedness to reconcile. Conclusively, the authors infer that exemption from criminal accountability and the consequent cessation of the criminal case, predicated upon reconciliation or earnest remorse, is contingent upon the substantiated evidence of actual compensation for the harm engendered by the criminally punishable deed

HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCEDURE STATUS OF THE INVESTIGATOR IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Objective: The article deals with issues related to the origin and evolution of the procedural status of the investigator in the criminal procedure laws of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Results and Conclusion: The authors argue that the legislators of both countries have a common approach to the definition of the concept of "investigator", since the investigator is an authorized person who carries out a preliminary investigation within his competence. At the same time, the elements of the criminal procedural status include: functions, rights and obligations (powers), responsibility, procedural independence and guarantees. At the same time, the functions and procedural independence of the investigator are the main links

Improving Hygienic Characteristics of Coated Electrodes for Welding High-Alloy Steels

The article presents the results of experimental studies showing that the use of an inverter power supply instead of a diode rectifier provides:: fine-droplet electrode metal transfer which reduces generation time by 46% and transfer time by 28%; transfer of alloying elements from welding materials into the weld metal which reduces its loss from the welding line by 6% and the heat affected area by 3%; reducing the emission rate of welding fumes and their components by 23%; reducing specific emission of welding fumes and their components by 23%

PROSECUTOR’S SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BODIES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A CRIME AT THE STAGE OF INITIATING A CRIMINAL CASE

Aim: The article is devoted to the consideration of the essence and main directions of prosecutorial supervision over the activities of officials of the preliminary investigation bodies for compensation for harm caused by a crime at the stage of initiating a criminal case. According to the deep conviction of the authors, one of the directions for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of victims of crimes is to ensure compensation for property and physical damage, as well as compensation for moral damage and damage to business reputation. This area of activity of the preliminary investigation bodies is no less important than bringing the perpetrators to justice in order to assign them a fair punishment. Results: The author identified some reasons that negatively affect the implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the activities of these participants in criminal proceedings to ensure compensation for harm caused by a crime at the stage of pre-investigation verification. Conclusion: In conclusion, the authors substantiate the conclusion that at present, prosecutorial supervision over the activities of officials of the bodies of preliminary investigation is relevant and especially in demand to ensure the principle of competitiveness of the parties, the creation of legal guarantees for the realization by persons who have become victims of criminal acts, the right to full compensation for the harm caused. Prosecutorial supervision is proposed to be regarded as an important dominant of the procedural function of prosecutors, aimed at preventing violations in the activities of the preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies to compensate for harm caused by criminal acts, starting from the stage of initiating a criminal case

Ensuring The Right of The Suspect And The Accused For Defense

Authors study the issues of providing the suspect and the accused with the right for defense in criminal proceedings through the prism of the provisions enshrined in international normative legal acts and the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the authors by the fact that the consideration of the problems of the procedural status of the suspect and the accused in the criminal case should start with this basic provision of the principle of criminal proceedings, such as ensuring the right for protection to the suspect and the accused under article 16 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. In the context of the modern legal state and the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes the basic rights and freedoms of the person and the citizen. The solution to this problem becomes extremely important in the field of criminal justice, which is inevitably associated with the restriction of the constitutional rights of the individual within the limits allowed by law. In this regard, the problems of ensuring the right of the suspect and the accused to a defense require special attention. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that compliance with the guarantees of the right to defense of suspects and accused persons has a significant impact on the domestic and foreign policy image of the Russian Federation, being directly proportional to the legal insinuations of international organizations and attempts to influence the Russian legal system

Ensuring The Right of The Suspect And The Accused For Defense

Authors study the issues of providing the suspect and the accused with the right for defense in criminal proceedings through the prism of the provisions enshrined in international normative legal acts and the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the authors by the fact that the consideration of the problems of the procedural status of the suspect and the accused in the criminal case should start with this basic provision of the principle of criminal proceedings, such as ensuring the right for protection to the suspect and the accused under article 16 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. In the context of the modern legal state and the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes the basic rights and freedoms of the person and the citizen. The solution to this problem becomes extremely important in the field of criminal justice, which is inevitably associated with the restriction of the constitutional rights of the individual within the limits allowed by law. In this regard, the problems of ensuring the right of the suspect and the accused to a defense require special attention. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that compliance with the guarantees of the right to defense of suspects and accused persons has a significant impact on the domestic and foreign policy image of the Russian Federation, being directly proportional to the legal insinuations of international organizations and attempts to influence the Russian legal system