Penumbuhan Lapisan Tipis Nicofe/si Sebagai Material Pembuatan Sensor Giant Magnetoresistance (Gmr)

Pada paper ini akan dilaporkan optimasi waktu penumbuhan lapisan tipis (thin film) NiCoFe/Si sebagai material sensor berbasis Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) menggunakan Reaktor dc-Opposed Target Magnetron Sputttering (OTMS). Material GMR mempunyai sifat-sifat magnetik dan elektrikyang sangat baik sehingga sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi devais pengindera (sensor)medan magnet generasi mendatang (next generation magnetic field sensing devices), seperti: sensor magnetik medan lemah, sensor arus, sensor posisi linier & rotasi, penyimpanan data (data storage), non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM), heads recording dan spin valve transistor. Sifat magnetik dan listrik GMR selain ditentukan oleh jenis material yang digunakan juga sangatditentukan oleh ketebalan lapisan struktur penyusunnya. Dari hasil pengukuran sampel menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk waktu deposisi selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit diperoleh ketebalan sampel berturut-turut adalah 0.30μm, 0.45μm dan 0.52μm.In this paper will be reported the optimum of the deposition rate of thin film NiCoFe/Si as a sensor material based on Giant Magnetoresistance. GMR materials have high potential as the nextgeneration magnetic field sensing devices. It has such high magnetic and electric properties that have high potential to be developed as sensors, such as: low magnetic field sensor, current measurement,linier and rotation position sensor, data storage, non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM), heads recording, spin valve transistor. The magnetic and electric properties of GMR are notonly depend on the type of the materials but also on the layer thickness of the material\u27s structure. The measurement results using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for deposition time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes give the thickness of 0.30μm, 0.45μm and 0.52μm respectively

Aksi Game Arcade Berdasarkan Pikiran Menggunakan Filter Fast Fourier Transform Dan Learning Vector Quantization

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) adalah teknologi pengendalian suatu perangkat tanpa menggunakan otot, suara dan sebagainya yang melibatkan fungsi motorik. Sistem BCI terdiri dari pengukuran sinyal otak dan salah satu penggunaan BCI adalah menggerakan karakter pada game melalui pikiran. Pengolahan sinyal otak tersebut untuk mendeteksi pola – pola unik yang diterjemahkan menjadi perintah (misalnya pola otak saat rileks, melakukan perhitungan matematis, membayangkan gerakan tangan, dsb). Penelitian tentang BCI yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya yaitu seperti menggerakan kursi roda, kontrol pada game, menggerakan tangan robot dll. Elektroensephalogram (EEG) adalah perangkat yang dapat menangkap aktivitas listrik di otak dan menginformasikan kondisi pikiran seperti emosional, kelelahan, kewaspadaan, kesehatan dan tingkat konsentrasi. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu, mengidentifikasikan variabel kondisi pikiran tersebut di antaranya menggunakan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Penelitian ini telah membuat sistem yang divisualisasikan pada game dengan dua gerakan yaitu ke atas dan ke bawah dengan kontrol karakter berdasarkan pikiran. Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan pada data uji yang belum dilatih sebelumnya dengan persentase 90% untuk kondisi rileks dan 22% untuk kondisi fokus

Evolution of Surface Plasmon Supermodes in Metal-Clad Microwire and its Potential for Biosensing

A finite-element method based on the vector H-field formulation in conjunction with perturbation techniques is used to study metal-clad microwire waveguides for bio-sensing applications. Sensors are designed to detect DNA hybridization through the change of the effective index and attenuation constant of the waveguide structure. The key parameters, such as effective index, loss coefficient, and spot sizes, are presented and potential sensor applications are discussed

Optimalisasi Rute Obyek Wisata di Bandung Raya Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika

Pariwisata di Indonesia tumbuh dan berkembang dengan sangat cepat, hal ini tidak lepas dari peran masyarakat dalam mengembangkan obyek wisata yang ada di sekitarnya. Pencarian rute obyek wisata dari segi waktu dan rute terpendek mejadi kebutuhan bagi wisatawan sebelum memulai perjalanan mengingat banyaknya obyek wisata di daerah Bandung Raya dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk tiba di lokasi tujuan sangat penting. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sistem yang dapat memberikan rekomendasi rute obyek wisata di Bandung Raya, salah satunya menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. Algoritma Genetika adalah metode komputasi untuk memilih solusi yang sesuai kriteria tanpa harus mencoba keseluruhan kemungkinan solusi yang ada. Algoritma Genetika dapat diterapkan dalam optimalisasi jadwal, rute, dan space. Sistem yang dibangun memberikan rekomendasi rute obyek wisata dari segi jarak terdekat dengan waktu tercepat sebanyak lima rute dengan lima tujuan obyek wisata serta membandingkan lima rute obyek wisata terpilih. Pengujian pada sistem ini dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali pengujian dengan kriteria penghentian menghasilkan nilai kecocokan 910.2431 dari 117 generasi dengan waktu 102 Menit pada pengujian ke satu algoritma genetik ke 1. Pencarian solusi optimal terhenti sebelum mencapai maksimum generasi, hal tersebut terjadi akibat proses Algoritma Genetika tidak dapat menghasilkan individu yang lebih baik dari generasi sebelumnya. Sistem ini diimplementasikan dalam perangkat lunak untuk dapat dimanfaatkan wisatawan dalam menentukan rute obyek wisata di Bandung Raya

PERAN HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSP) DALAM PATOGENESIS PENYAKIT OTOIMUN DI DALAM RONGGA MULUT

Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are highly conserved immunoreactive group of proteins found in microorganisms and animal/human tissue. In addition to heat, other stressful conditiions also induce stressed proteins, especially anorexia, heavy metal ion, exposure to H2O2 and infection by DNA or RNA viruses. Recent studies suggest the involvement of HSPs as autoantigens in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Bechet's syndrome, recurrent oral uclers, oral lichen planus and other. The HSPs 60 - 65 KDa might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as Bechet's syndrome, recurrent oral ulcers, and oral lichen planus. This paper will discuss the immunopathogenesis mechanism of those diseases induced by HSPs

Simulation and experimental study of the sensor emitting frequency for ultrasonic tomography system in conducting pipe

Ultrasonic tomography techniques provide flow visualization capability, non-invasively and non-intrusively, to enhance the understanding of complex flow processes. There is limited ultrasonic research in tomography imaging systems in the tomogram analysis of fluid flow in a conducting pipe because of a high acoustic impedance mismatch, which means that very little ultrasonic energy can be transmitted through the interface. The majority of industrial pipelines are constructed from metallic composites. Therefore, the development and improvement of ultrasonic measurement methods to accommodate a stainless steel pipe are proposed in this paper. Experimental and simulation distribution studies of the ultrasonic emitting frequency in acrylic versus stainless steel pipes were studied, measured and analyzed. During the simulation, ultrasonic transducers were placed on the surface of the investigated pipe to inspect the ultrasonic sensing field. The distribution of the sound wave acoustic pressure was simulated based on the physical dimensions and parameters of the actual experimental hardware set-up. We developed ultrasonic acoustic models using the finite element method with COMSOL software, and experiments were carried out to validate the simulation results. Finally, by performing the static phantoms tests, a feasibility study of ultrasonic tomography system was presented to investigate the void fraction of liquid column inside a stainless steel pipe

Vaccination with UV-inactivated nodavirus partly protects European sea bass against infection, while inducing few changes in immunity

Developing viral vaccines through the ultraviolet (UV) inactivation of virus is promising technique since it is straightforward and economically affordable, while the resulting viruses are capable of eliciting an adequate antiviral immune response. Nodavirus (NNV) is a devastating virus that mainly affects European sea bass juveniles and larvae, causing serious economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. In this work, a potential vaccine consisting on UV-inactivated NNV (iNNV) was generated and administered to healthy juveniles of European sea bass to elucidate whether it triggers the immune response and improves their survival upon challenge. First, iNNV failed to replicate in cell cultures and its intraperitoneal administration to sea bass juveniles also failed to produce fish mortality and induction of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, indicating that the NNV was efficiently inactivated. By contrast, iNNV administration induced significant serum non-specific antimicrobial activity as well as a specific antiviral activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) titres against NNV. Interestingly, few changes were observed at transcriptional level in genes related to either innate or adaptive immunity, suggesting that iNNV could be modulating the immune response at protein or functional level. In addition, the iNNV vaccinated group showed improved survival, reaching a relative survival percentage of 57.9%. Moreover, challenged fish that had been vaccinated presented increased serum antibacterial, antiviral and IgM titres, as well as the higher transcription of mhc1a, ifn, isg15 and cd8a genes in brain, while in the head-kidney the transcription of mhc1a, mhc2b and cd8a was down regulated and mx, isg15 and tcrb was up-regulated. Although the UV-inactivated vaccine against NNV showed promising results, more effort should be addressed to improving this prophylactic method by increasing our understanding of its action mechanisms, thus enabling the mortality rate of NNV to be further reduced.Postprint3,26

Development of Hot Equal Channel Angular Processing (ECAP) consolidation technique in the production of Boron Carbide(B4C)-Reinforced Aluminium Chip (AA6061)-based composite

The production of metal matrix composites (MMCs) through recycled materials is a cost-saving process. However, the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties is another challenge to be concerned. In this study, recycled aluminium 6061 (AA6061) chips reinforced with different volumetric fractions of boron carbide (B4C) were produced through hot equal channel angular processing (ECAP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to investigate the dependent response (compressive strength) with independent parameters such as different volumetric fractions (5-15%) of added contents of B4C and preheating temperature (450 – 550°C). Also, the number of passes were examined to check the effect on the mechanical and physical properties of the developed recycled AA6061/B4C composite. The results show that maximum compressive strength and hardness of recycled AA6061/B4C were 59.2 MPa and 69 HV respectively at 5% of B4C contents. Likewise, the density and number of pores increased, which were confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopes (AFM) analysis. However, the number of passes enhanced the mechanical and physical properties of the recycled AA6061/B4C composite. Therefore, the maximum compressive strength and hardness achieved were 158 MPa and 74.95 HV for the 4th pass. Moreover, the physical properties of recycled AA6061/B4C composite become denser of 2.62 g/cm3 at the 1st pass and 2.67 g/cm3 for the 4th pass. Thus, it can be concluded that the B4C volumetric fraction and number of passes have a significant effect on recycled AA6061 chips

Paradoxical embolism following thromboaspiration of an arteriovenous fistula thrombosis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Paradoxical embolism is an increasingly reported cause of arterial embolism. Several embolic sources have been described, but thrombosis of an arteriovenous fistula as a paradoxical emboligenic source has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 50-year-old Caucasian woman received a renal graft for primary hyperoxaluria. After transplantation, she was maintained on daily hemodialysis. Thrombosis of her arteriovenous fistula occurred two weeks post-transplantation and was treated by thromboaspiration, which was partially successful. During a hemodialysis session immediately following thromboaspiration, she developed a coma with tetraplegia requiring intensive cardiorespiratory resuscitation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed various hyperdense areas in the vertebrobasilar territory resulting from bilateral occlusion of posterior cerebral arteries. Transesophageal echocardiographic examination showed a patent foramen ovale, while pulse echography of the arteriovenous fistula revealed the persistence of extensive clots that were probably the embolic source. A paradoxical embolus through a patent foramen ovale was suggested because of the proximity of the neurological event to the thrombectomy procedure.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The risk of paradoxical embolism in a hemodialyzed patient with a patent foramen ovale deserves consideration and requires careful evaluation in situations of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis.</p