593 research outputs found

    Para a história das mulheres na pré-história: em torno de alguns atributos do discurso

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    Os estudos sobre o papel e o lugar das mulheres na Pré-História1, como ramo da gender archaeology, constituem, na essência, um fenómeno da pós-modernidade2 e pretendem, ao re-escrever a história a partir de outro ângulo, ou mais especificamente de outro género, incluir novas alíneas na agenda, construir outros passados e dar voz a grupos, ou sub-grupos, não contemplados no discurso historiográfico oficial. A arqueologia do género emerge, portanto, como uma fórmula de denuncia do androcentrismo e dos “gender bias” que dominam a escrita sobre o Passado, proclama a necessidade de criar outros textos à luz de novos paradigmas, e procura identificar, e ultrapassar, os recorrentes preconceitos que organizam a produção do saber, no Ocidente contemporâneo

    Acerca do processo de neolitização no actual território português: modelos em debate

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    Pretende-se com este texto apresentar um modelo de neolitização para o actual território português que, integrando componentes das leituras difusionista e indigenista, procura discutir os diferentes papéis desempenhados por “colonos” e “indígenas” ao longo deste processo. Este modelo de neolitização por Fusão Diferencial foi criado como uma proposta alternativa aos modelos disponíveis na bibliografia arqueológica que não explanam a totalidade das características da evidência empírica, e construído a partir da reflexão suscitada pelos dados recolhidos no povoado do Neolítico antigo da Valada do Mato, Évora, onde a presença, sobre uma matriz cultural neolítica, de elementos de tradição mesolítica, apontava para uma miscigenação de realidades indígenas e exógenas na constituição deste sistema cultural

    “New Kids on the Block?” Reappraising Pottery Styles, aDNA, and Chronology from Western Iberia Early Neolithic

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    Western Iberia Early Neolithic has been described as an ultimate and very altered form of the Mediterranean Neolithisation process. Despite its Atlantic position, this territory – corresponding mainly to Central/Southern Portugal – is, in its physical and cultural geography, a Mediterranean landscape deeply connected to a historical process arriving from beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. The presence of cardial pottery led archaeologists to ascribe Portuguese Early Neolithic to a Mediterranean impressed Pottery cultural area, and according to demic diffusion models, small pioneer groups carrying the Neolithic package originated there. Recently, the archaeological record for the Western Mediterranean Neolithisation is becoming more complex and longer lasting cardial dominance over the seas has been disputed. Previous Neolithic groups seafaring the Mediterranean coasts with Impressa style pottery could have reached Iberian Peninsula by 5600–5400 cal BC, proving that by the mid-sixth millennium, different cultural entities were moving in the Western Mediterranean regardless of their genetic features. The main goal of this study is to disclose this cultural diversity in Western Iberia using a robust chronological database and debating how different proxies, like pottery styles and ancient DNA (aDNA), reveal it in Western Iberia. While recognising the Mediterranean input to Western Iberia groups, mapping the variability and the significance of different decoration techniques, such as cardial, false acacia leaf, impressed stripes, and using the aDNA to identify continuities/changes in ancient populations are here as tools to understand when, who, and how new kids came to the block. To do so, different disciplinary boundaries are crossed, and some transdisciplinary critical aspects are also commented.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Estratégias de povoamento, transições culturais e registo arqueológico (ou a irónica contingência da ciência). Uma datação absoluta para o sítio da Defesa de Cima 2 (Évora)

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    A apresentação de uma datação absoluta obtida sobre osso de mamífero, recolhido no interior de uma estrutura negativa, tipo forno/silo, do sítio da Defesa de Cima 2 (Évora), é aqui apresentada como mais um indicador da existência de uma etapa de utilização mesolítica em contextos, caracterizados pela presença de pequenas estruturas negativas, que têm vindo a ser escavados, na última década, no Centro e Sul de Portugal. Estes sítios de fornos/silos – designação dupla que refere as estruturas negativas aí identificadas, por regra com menos de 80cm de profundidade e 80cm de diâmetro, revestidas a argila e com base pétrea – foram a partir de critérios tipológicos, e funcionais, associados a grupos neolíticos. Numa primeira fase da sua investigação, e apesar da ausência de datações absolutas, a presença, nestes contextos, de fragmentos cerâmicos e a interpretação destas estruturas como silos, e portanto conectadas com práticas de armazenamento, permitia integrá-las em ambientes próprios de sociedades produtores de alimentos. No entanto, a partir das datações absolutas obtidas para um destes sítios - Cova da Baleia (Sousa e Gonçalves, 2015), e de uma análise da cultura material aí recuperada, foi possível reavaliar a classificação crono-cultural destes contextos que, em função dos dados disponíveis, podiam ter tido uma etapa de uso associada aos caçadores-recolectores do Mesolítico inicial (Diniz, 2013). A datação absoluta obtida para a Defesa de Cima 2 aponta para a existência de um episódio de utilização de uma dessas estruturas negativas nos finais do 7º milénio cal AC, num momento de transição entre o Mesolítico Inicial e o Mesolítico recente. De acordo com este resultado, é possível alargar os territórios, as estratégias de ocupação do espaço e o quadro de atividades desenvolvidas por estes caçadores-recolectores. Nestes sítios de fornos/silos processam-se alimentos que serão consumidos num outro lugar, esta economia de retorno diferido, que já tinha sido entrevista no sítio da Barca do Xarez de Baixo (Araújo e Almeida, 2013), parece confirmar-se aqui.This paper presents an absolute date from a Southern Portugal prehistoric site – Defesa de Cima 2 (Évora) characterize by several negative features dogged in the bed rock with clay walls and a stone pavement. These features do not seem associated with a truly habitat site but instead with a specialized function area that should be understood as part of a group larger economic system. Negative features from Defesa de Cima 2 like the ones identified in different prehistoric sites in central/southern Portugal in spite of not having an archaeological content that could reflect its functionality have been considered as ovens or storage pits. Even before any 14C date were obtained they were related with Neolithic groups attending both to the pottery sherds retrieved at these sites but also to the storage activity they should be connected to. Nevertheless, the first 14C dates obtained from one of these ovens/pits sites - Cova da Baleia site (Sousa e Gonçalves, 2015) and the reappraisal of the material culture assemblage retrieved allowed a previous re-evaluation of the chrono-cultural background of these sites (Diniz, 2013). According to this data sites like Defesa de Cima 2 where pits – usually no more than 80 cm depth and 60 cm width - are the main site features could have been occupied by Initial Mesolithic hunter-gatherers that were also responsible for the construction/use of these negative structure most probably used as cooking pits. The absolute date from Defesa de Cima 2 pointing to a use episode of one of these features by the end of the 7th millennium CAL BC seems to stand for this hypothesis so enlarging Initial Mesolithic territories, settlement strategies and economic skills since it is predicted that food resources prepared in these cooking pits sites were consumed latter and at different locations - that was previous detected at Barca do Xarez de Baixo (Araújo e Almeida, 2013) - as a part of a delayed-return economy in which these hunter-gatherers were involved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    And what else beside cardial pottery? Searching for Mediterranean influences in early Neolithic settlement of valada do Mato (Évora, Portugal)

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    Valada do Mato is an Early Neolithic settlement located in Southern Portugal, around 100km and 450km, respectively from the nearest Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. In spite of their Atlantic geographical position, Valada do Mato just like other Southern Portugal Early Neolithic sites strongly participates in a Neolithic Mediterranean identity sharing technological, economic and symbolic items with other western agro-pastoralist groups settled in both sides of Mediterranean basin. Being so, this paper pretends to look for both material and immaterial Mediterranean traits in Valada do Mato archaeological record, moving beyond the ubiquitous cardial pottery, searching for a more complex economy of relations within western Mediterranean cultural geography

    Macrobotanical remains and shell-midden formation processes, are they related? The case of Poças de São Bento (Portugal)

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    The analysis of plant macroremains from Poças de São Bento, a shell-midden in the Sado Valley (Portugal), has provided interesting insights into the shell-midden formation processes and the presence of resources which are often invisible^ in this kind of sites. Preservation and representationissues are discussed in a bidirectional way. Potential complementary explanations for the presence of such plant remains in hunter-gatherer open-air sites are offered. The understanding of plant exploitation patterns by these last huntergatherers in Portugal is crucial for the comprehension of the multifaceted phenomena of Neolithisations, in this case, characterised by a long availability phase and ultimate adoption of domesticates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Lithics in a Mesolithic Shell Midden: New Data from Poças de São Bento (Portugal).

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    The development, since 2010, of a research project on the Mesolithic of the Sado valley has provided new insights into the study of the lithic technology of the last hunter-gatherer societies. The new excavations carried out at Poças de São Bento shell midden, one of the largest and richest sites identified in the Sado valley, include a protocol for the systematic recovery and recording of archaeological remains, including the water sieving of all the excavated sediments. Therefore, as the new lithic materials do not suffer from any excavation or previous selection bias, it is possible to characterize raw material resources, lithic reduction strategies, tool production and functional areas in a more reliable approach. Selecting a specific excavation area and two different stratigraphic units for analyses allowed us to evaluate site integrity and to test some conventional interpretations concerning tool production and discard. Besides the common lithic blanks (flakes and bladelets) and tools (geometric armatures) already known from previous archaeological works, the analysed sample showed an unsuspected amount of non-characteristic debris, which was underrepresented in the collections of the 1950s, 1960s and even the 1980s. This fact is not exclusively related to the applied recovery methods; it also relates to the existence of intra-site variability (different functional areas) as recent investigations at the shell midden seem to indicate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Diaries of Maria Isabel Silveira: trace and inscription of a voice

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    This article presents the investigation made from the set of diaries belonging to Maria Isabel Silveira, wife of the writer Valdomiro Silveira, whose personal collection was donated to the IEB/USP in 2006. Amid the documents, currently under the custody of the IEB Archive, stands out 62 notebooks by Maria Isabel that adopts diary writing as a record of her family’s daily life, especially her children, and later, of her daily life. The present study deals with documentary materiality, feminine writing and women’s memory, having as corpus the diaries of Maria Isabel, a woman who with rigor and discipline, wrote about herself, and, consequently, about her time.Este artigo aborda o conjunto de diários pertencentes a Maria Isabel Silveira, casada com o escritor e político Valdomiro Silveira, cujo acervo pessoal foi doado ao IEB/USP em 2006. Em meio aos documentos, atualmente sob a guarda da instituição, destaca-se o conjunto de 62 cadernos que pertenceram a Maria Isabel, entre os quais os volumes que acolheram a sua escrita diarística como registro do cotidiano de sua família, especialmente de seus filhos e, posteriormente, de seu dia a dia. O presente estudo versa sobre materialidade documental, escrita feminina e memória das mulheres, tendo como corpus os diários de Maria Isabel, uma mulher que, com rigor e disciplina, escreveu sobre si e, consequentemente, sobre sua época
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