DINAMICS OF THE TEAM WORK IN THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AS FUNCTIONAL BASIS OF THEIR PERMANENT DEVELOPMENT

The teams represent a bridge between the individual inventiveness and the\ud collective creativity. The synergy is partnership among the participants who share a\ud common goal that can be achieved only by joint action of all actors.\ud Each system must learn in order to survive, to develop and to adapt to the new\ud challenges that are permanently coming. The management of changes arises as a necessity,\ud because it gives direction, reduces the impact of the change, minimizes the losses, sets\ud standards for improvement of the organizational goals, and enables coordination of the\ud effort.\ud Of course, the intensification of the teamwork, perhaps at most, contributes to the\ud revitalization of those parts of the organization that necessarily require change. The\ud teamwork represents a solid basis for shift and achieving effective and efficient change.\ud Therefore, the businesses in the Republic of Macedonia should learn to think and work\ud creatively, not at the level of individuals, but at the level of teams and at the whole\ud organization.\ud The paper represents an intersection of the scanned situation in terms of the type,\ud nature, functionality of teamwork among a number of businesses from the SME sector in\ud the Republic of Macedonia, compared with the results for the same variables obtained in\ud public sector organizations operating in their environment.\ud The research hypothesis is simple and says: “The exposure to changes in the private\ud enterprises generates increased need for productive team work which is different in scope,\ud nature and content from the team work in the public sector”.\ud Key words: development, small and medium enterprises, team work

Association between CYP2C19*2 variant and clinical outcome in Clopidogrel treated patients from Republic of Macedonia

Clopidogrel is the thienopyridine of choice for prevention of ischemic events and stent thrombosis in patients with atherotrombotic disease. Recent studies suggest that certain genetic variants involving CYP450 system are responsible for wide interindividual variability in treatment response profiles among clopidogrel treated individuals. The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of most common CYP2C19*2: 681G>A (rs4244285) allelic variant in Macedonian population and determine the risk association with major cardiovascular adverse events in clopidogrel treated patients with atherotrombotic cardiovascular disease. CYP2C19 *2 genotype was assessed in 198 subjects from R.Macedonia. The association between the reduced function CYP2C19 *2 A allele and clinical outcome was evaluated in 67 clopidogrel treated patients within a follow up period of at least 6 months (from 6 to 60 months) after initializing clopidogrel therapy. The population frequency of polymorphic A allele responsible for impaired clopidogrel metabolism in Macedonian population was 0.18. CYP2C19*2 variant was significantly associated with increased rate of adverse cardiovascular events in the allelic (OR= 3.188; 95% CI= 1.437-7.058), dominant (OR=3.477; 95% CI= 1.256-9.630) and co-dominant model ( OR=6.750, 95% CI: 1.186-38.410) of statistical analysis (adjusted OR= 2.619; Ptrend=0.0088). The influence of CYP2C19*2 was most strongly correlated with worse event free survival in patients carrying AA genotype (log rank P = 0.0024) and patients carrying at least one CYP2C19*2 reduced function allele (log rank P=0.0058). CYP2C19*2 genetic variant in the population from Republic of Macedonia has similar distribution as determined in other European populations. Carriage of reduced function CYP2C19 *2 allele is associated with worse event free survival in clopidogrel treated patients with atherotrombotic disorders

The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) is not descriptive of the real performance of solar products

The solar products belong to the category of cosmetics and for their regulation we refer to the EC 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and to the Recommendation EC 2006/647 on the efficacy and claims of sunscreen products. Based on these rules is the need to validate the photoprotection separately in the range of UVA and UVB, with in vitro and in vivo methods, with preference for the latter. For the UVA range (320 nm - 400 nm) in vivo tests have been replaced completely by those in vitro, in view of the good correlation found, harmonized and standardized in the ISO 24443: 2012. For the UVB range (290 nm - 320 nm) the use of the method in vivo is still a need, standardized by Standard ISO 24444: 2010, due to problems related to lack of correlation between the in vitro and in vivo data. The Sun Protection Factor is still largely used and sometimes “abused”, as the unique indicator for the efficacy of a solar product and more recently also for antiage and make-up. However a number of studies appeared in the last decade largely demonstrate that, beside its numeric value, several other properties and factors must be considered in giving useful indication to the customers in the selection of the right product