ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE- DIFFERENT APPROACHES

As organizations decide to expand on other markets, managers are facing with new problems and realities. If thirty years ago, companies afford to ignore the international business environment, today they need to think globally. This new dimension of international business was made possible by unprecedented growth of telecommunications, technology, transport and the existence of international standards. The article aims to analyze the main reasons for organizational change, in terms of contingency theory and strategic approach.organizational structure, contingency theory, strategic approach

How japanese run their businesses

The amazing economic results of Japan in the 20th century have determined an assiduous research of japanese evolution, only to prove that the main cause and factor for those results in japanese management. In this paper we try to reveal the main characteristics of this system and to compare it with other types of management.Japan, business culture, types of management, organizational structure

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS AND THE ASSET-LIGHT APPROACH

Today, regarding all industries, nothing is meant to last forever. If we look at industry trends in terms of corporate strategy, we clearly notice that most major companies are gearing toward an asset-light approach to remain competitive. The internationalization process has determined companies worldwide to find solutions to minimize transaction costs and the expansions costs on foreign markets.In the maturity stage of the internationalization process, many companies from various business sectors, have chosen the ” asset light” approach, a business model focusing on minimizing “in-house” resources and maximizing usage of outsourcing opportunities.internationalization, asset-light approach

Variational Calibration

The approach to the improving the accuracy of the impedance parameter measurements is described. This approach is based on the well-known variations of the influence of the disturbing factors on the results of measurement. Using these variations, measurement circuit provides the additional number of measurements, equal to the number of the disturbing factors. System of equations describes these results of measurements. The solution of this system eliminates the influence of the appropriate uncertainty sources on the results of measurement and gets the true result of the measured value. In addition, the solution of this system also gets the values of the uncertainty components in every measurement and possibility to monitor the properties of the measurement circuit. Examples of the realization of this method for improving the accuracy of the impedance parameter measurements in different bridges are given

Surface:plasma interactions in GaAs subjected to capacitively coupled RF plasmas

Surface compositional changes in GaAs due to RF plasmas of different gases have been investigated by XPS and etch rates were measured using AFM. Angular Resolved XPS (ARXPS) was also employed for depth analysis of the composition of the surface layers. An important role in this study was determination of oxide thickness using XPS data. The study of surface - plasma interaction was undertaken by correlating results of surface analysis with plasma diagnosis. Different experiments were designed to accurately measure the BEs associated with the Ga 3d, Ga 2P3/2 and LMM peaks using XPS analysis and propose identification in terms of the oxides of GaAs. Along with GaAs wafers, some reference compounds such as metallic Ga and Ga2O3 powder were used. A separate study aiming the identification of the GaAs surface oxides formed on the GaAs surface during and after plasma processing was undertaken. Surface compositional changes after plasma treatment, prior to surface analysis are considered, with particular reference to the oxides formed in the air on the activated surface. Samples exposed to ambient air for different periods of time and also to pure oxygen were analysed. Models of surface processes were proposed for explanation of the stoichiometry changes observed with the inert and reactive plasmas used. In order to help with the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for surface effects during plasma treatment, computer simulation using SRIM code was also undertaken. Based on simulation and experimental results, models of surface phenomena are proposed. Discussion of the experimental and simulated results is made in accordance with current theories and published results of different authors. The experimental errors introduced by impurities and also by data acquisition and processing are also evaluated

Why wait? Organizational learning, institutional quality and the speed of foreign market re-entry after initial entry and exit

Using a unique dataset of over 1000 foreign marketre-entries by multinational enterprises, we draw on organizational learning and institutional theory perspectives to examine the antecedents of speed of foreign market re-entry into previously exited markets. Contrary to expectations, we find that the length of experience accumulated between initial entry and exit does not lead to earlier re-entries. In turn, the depth of experience accumulated through operating via joint ventures and the nature of the experience determined by the exit process have a significant impact for early re-entrants. Host country institutional quality leads to early re-entry and, under certain circumstances, moderates the relationship between learning from past experiences and re-entry speed. Our findings reveal experience-based learning to be a complex and dynamic process, one highly dependent on the quality of the institutional setting of the firm. Theoretical and practical implications of the paper are discussed, along with directions for future research on international business strategies