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Non-verbal communication in meetings of psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia
Objective
Recent evidence found that patients with schizophrenia display nonâverbal behaviour designed to avoid social engagement during the opening moments of their meetings with psychiatrists. This study aimed to replicate, and build on, this finding, assessing the nonâverbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists during meetings, exploring changes over time and its association with patients' symptoms and the quality of the therapeutic relationship.
Method
40âvideotaped routine outâpatient consultations, involving patients with schizophrenia, were analysed. Nonâverbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists was assessed during three fixed, 2âmin intervals using a modified Ethological Coding System for Interviews. Symptoms, satisfaction with communication and the quality of the therapeutic relationship were also measured.
Results
Over time, patients' nonâverbal behaviour remained stable, whilst psychiatrists' flight behaviour decreased. Patients formed two groups based on their nonâverbal profiles, one group (n = 25) displaying proâsocial behaviour, inviting interaction and a second (n = 15) displaying flight behaviour, avoiding interaction. Psychiatrists interacting with proâsocial patients displayed more proâsocial behaviours (P < 0.001). Patients' proâsocial profile was associated reduced symptom severity (P < 0.05), greater satisfaction with communication (P < 0.001) and positive therapeutic relationships (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Patients' nonâverbal behaviour during routine psychiatric consultations remains unchanged, and is linked to both their psychiatrist's nonâverbal behaviour and the quality of the therapeutic relationship
Trajectory-based interpretation of Young's experiment, the Arago-Fresnel laws and the Poisson-Arago spot for photons and massive particles
We present a trajectory based interpretation for Young's experiment, the
Arago-Fresnel laws and the Poisson-Arago spot. This approach is based on the
equation of the trajectory associated with the quantum probability current
density in the case of massive particles, and the Poynting vector for the
electromagnetic field in the case of photons. Both the form and properties of
the evaluated photon trajectories are in good agreement with the averaged
trajectories of single photons observed recently in Young's experiment by
Steinberg's group at the University of Toronto. In the case of the
Arago-Fresnel laws for polarized light, the trajectory interpretation presented
here differs from those interpretations based on the concept of "which-way" (or
"which-slit") information and quantum erasure. More specifically, the
observer's information about the slit that photons went through is not relevant
to the existence of interference; what is relevant is the form of the
electromagnetic energy density and its evolution, which will model consequently
the distribution of trajectories and their topology. Finally, we also show that
the distributions of end points of a large number of evaluated photon
trajectories are in agreement with the distributions measured at the screen
behind a circular disc, clearly giving rise to the Poisson-Arago spot.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Programming of 3-Axis Hybrid Kinematics CNC Machine for Rapid Prototyping Using Subtractive and Additive Processes
The paper presents the programming and program verification on a 3-axis hybrid kinematics CNC machine for rapid prototyping using subtractive and additive processes. The original hybrid (parallel-serial) 3-axis O-X glide mechanism developed to build a rapid prototyping machine and multifunctional machine tools is presented. The paper analyzes the available programming software, which can be one of the standard CAD/CAM systems or a specialized CAM system, for subtractive processes, i.e. desktop milling. For the additive processes, the software for generating G code based on the STL file as well as the possibility of simulating the machine when working is considered. To verify the program, the simulation of material removal for subtractive processes as well as the simulation of material addition for additive processes were considered. The paper presents the prototype of a hybrid kinematics CNC machine and some of the results of testing with an open control system based on the LinuxCNC
Digital twin control of multi-axis wood CNC machining center based on LinuxCNC
Abstrack:
This paper presents an application of an open architecture control system implemented on a multi-axis wood computer numerical control milling machining center, as a digital twin control. The development of the digital twin control system was motivated by research and educational requirements, especially in the field of configuring a new control system by âvirtual commissioningâ, enabling the validation of the developed controls, program verification, and analysis of the machining process and monitoring. The considered wood computer numerical control (CNC) machining system is supported by an equivalent virtual machine in a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment, as well as in the control system, as a digital twin. The configured virtual machines are used for the verification of the machining program and programming system via machining simulation, which is extremely important in multi-axis machining. Several test wood workpieces were machined to validate the effectiveness of the developed control system based on LinuxCNC
Non-Verbal Behaviour of Patients with Schizophrenia in Medical Consultations - A Comparison with Depressed Patients and Association with Symptom Levels
Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks
Background Coping strategies may influence the psychological outcome after a stressful event, both as coping at the time of the event and as strategies of dealing with its consequences after the event. The aim of the study was to investigate coping strategies used by civilians during the air attacks in Yugoslavia in 1999, and their association with the level of exposure, gender and psychological symptoms 1 year later. Method The sample is a non-selective group of 139 medical students from the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Open questions and content analysis were used to assess coping strategies. Symptoms of intrusion and avoidance were assessed, as well as general psychological symptoms. Results Content analysis of answers to open questions revealed nine categories of coping strategies (sport and walks, leisure activities, talking and gathering, humor, avoidance, philosophical approach, getting information, work, and substance abuse). A cluster analysis identified three groups of students with different styles of coping. Students that used dominantly 'talking and gathering' had the highest, and the ones that mostly used 'leisure activities' the lowest scores on intrusion. There were significant gender differences in how coping strategies were associated with intrusive symptoms. Conclusion The type of coping strategies used during the air attacks may contribute to the level of intrusive symptoms 1 year after the event. Different coping strategies might be effective in men and women to reduce intrusive symptoms. Longitudinal and prospective studies are needed to draw definite conclusions on causal relationships between coping strategies and levels of posttraumatic stress
Phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity of virgin olive oil obtained from the olive cultivar 'Roghiani' from different regions of northern Libya
The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids (FA), tocopherols, phenols, and antioxidant capacity (AC) of five virgin olive oils (VOO) obtained from the olive cultivar 'Roghiani', from different regions of northern Libya during the crop year 2015. The parameters determined for the oils were investigated for the first time. Seven principal FAs were detected in the VOO samples. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the dominant ones. The highest percentage of palmitic acid was found in Tripoli VOO (P lt = 0.05). Oleic acid was dominant in all the VOO samples. Gharyan VOO possessed the highest value of oleic acid, O/L ratio, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total phenols content (TPC), total tocopherol and tocotrienol contents (TTC), and AC(DPPH)% (P lt = 0.05). A strong positive relationship between TPC and (AC) as (1/EC50DPPH) was observed, (r) was +0.831. On the other hand, (1/EC50DPPH) showed a positive correlation with TTC, (r) was +0.768
Thermoporosimetry of hard (silica) and soft (cellulosic) materials by isothermal step melting
Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study
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