Effects of Different Treatments on the Quality and Safety of Crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus

This study was aimed to determine the effect of different killing methods (frozen, mechanical, and traditional) on the quality, safety, and shelf life of crayfish that are aerobically stored under chilled conditions. The population of microorganisms (i.e., total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria (TPAB), and Enterobacteriaceae) was increased regarding to storage time (p<0.05). Significant differences (p>0.05) were not observed in pH values during storage time. In contrast to this, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values of the samples were increased significantly (p<0.05) during storage. Sensory results were highly correlated with the microbiological counts (r=-0.92 for TMAB × odour; r=-0.95 for TPAB × odour; and r=-0.96 for Enterobacteriaceae × odour). Fifteen different fatty acids and 5 biogenic amines were detected for the determination of initial quality and safety of crayfish. In conclusion, frozen killed samples were found to be effective and laborsaving method as an alternative to traditional killing methods by maintaining the quality and safety of crayfish at the beginning and during storage under chilled conditions

Relationship between seizures and metabolic acidosis: a prospective observational study

Objective: To assess changes in blood gas parameters, such as pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), base deficit, and lactate values, in patients who present to the emergency care unit after aseizure.&nbsp;Methods: This is a prospective study on patients who suffered a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The demographic and biochemical data of the patients and their blood gas parameters were recorded both at the time of&nbsp;presentation to the emergency department and during the follow-up examination.&nbsp;Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. Among the patients, 60.3% (41) were male. The median&nbsp;age of the patients was 43 years (IQR: 29-65.25). The median initial lactate value was 5.7 mmol/L (25th and 75th&nbsp;percentiles: 3.5–8.5 mmol/L). The median follow-up lactate value was 1.8 mmol/L (25th and 75th percentiles:&nbsp;1.1–2.8 mmol/L). The statistical analysis of the blood gas parameters revealed a statistically significant difference in the pH, PaCO2, base deficit, and lactate values between the initial and follow-up evaluations (P&lt;0.001).&nbsp;Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that metabolic acidosis with high anion gap may develop due to&nbsp;the increase in the lactate levels as a result of a tonic-clonic seizur

A study on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) fish feed replacement of fishmeal at different rates use of canola meal (brassica spp.) on growth rate, feed utilisation and digestibility

Bu çalışma, başlangıç ağırlığı 49,86±0,009 gr olan çipura balıklarında %45 protein ve %18 yağ içerikli kontrol yemi ile kontrol yemindeki balık unu yerine %10, %15, %20, %25 ve %30 oranlarında kanola (KA) küspesi ilaveli yemler kullanılmış ve balıkların büyüme performansı, yem değerlendirme oranı ve sindirilebilirlik düzeyi üzerine etkilerine göre kanola küspesinin optimum kullanım oranının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. 98 günlük deneme sonunda gruplar arasında oransal canlı ağırlık artışı ve spesifik büyüme oranı 14-28. gün arası istatistiki olarak önemli (p0,05). Yem değerlendirme oranı (YDO) en düşük KA30 grubunda (4,54±0,1), en yüksek ise KA10 grubunda (5,31±0,2), protein etkinlik oranı (PEO) en yüksek KA30 grubunda, en düşük KA10 grubunda, prodüktif protein değeri (PPD) KA30 grubunda (0,318±0,02) ile en yüksek değerde tespit edilmiştir. (p<0,05). Besin maddelerinin sindirilebilirlik performanslarının belirlenmesinde kuru madde ile ham proteinin sindirilebilirliği kontrol grubunda en yüksek seviyede bulunurken en düşük KA10 grubunda elde edilmiş, ham yağı en iyi sindirebilen KA30 grubu KA0 ve KA15 grubu ile benzerlik gösterirken diğer gruplardan farklı bulunmuştur (p<0,05).This study was conducted to identify optimum exchange ratio of canola meal in fish feeds instead of fishmeal, using %45 protein and %18 fat commercial control feeds and %10, %15, %20, %25 and %30 canola meal (KA) based feeds for sea breams with a starting weight of 49,86±0,009 gr by analyzing growth performance, food conversion ratio and digestibility. After 98 days of experiment, specific growth rate and relative weight gain although was statistically significantly different during 14-28 days (p<0,05), it was insignificant at the end of the trial. Food conversion ratio (FCR) was lowest for KA30 (4,54±0,1), and highest for KA10 (5,31±0,2) group, protein efficiency was highest in KA30 and lowest in KA10 group, productive protein value was highest in KA30 with 0,318±0,02 (p<0,05). Digestibility performance for crude protein and dry matter was the highest in the control group and lowest for KA10 group and for fats lowest was KA10 where highest was (p<0,05) KA30 with similar results compared to KA0 and KA15

Effects of Enzyme-Producing Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Trout on the Growth Performance, Survival, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Rainbow Trout Fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, we investigated the effects of enzyme-producing probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and digestive enzyme activity, of fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three isolates (G8/2013, T7/2013 and U5/2013) of candidate bacteria elicited the highest protease, lipase, and amylase activities, respectively. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Citrobacter braakii by morphological, physiological, biochemical characterizations as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The fry basal diet was supplemented with probiotics at varying concentrations; G8 group, Aeromonas sp. 1.72 x 108 CFU/g; U5 group, Bacillus sp. 3.01 x 108 CFU/g; T7 group, C. braakii 2.96 x 108 CFU/g and a mixed group (same bacterial concentrations), and control group (no bacteria). The rainbow trout fry were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments with supplemented and non-supplemented probiotic diets for 70-days. The total bacterial count in the intestine was significantly higher in the mixed group (30th and 50th days) and U5 group (50th and 70th days) compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility, or digestive enzyme activity among the groups.

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Effects of natural and synthetic pigments in diets on flesh coloration and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

The desired pink to red color of rainbow trout flesh (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) can be obtained by adding carotenoids to the fish diet. This study was conducted to determine the effects on growth and color retention of natural pigments (30 ppm red pepper meal, 60 ppm red pepper meal, 30 ppm shrimp by-products meal, 60 ppm shrimp by-products meal), synthetic carotenoids (30 ppm astaxanthin, 60 ppm astaxanthin), and a control group (no added pigment). Duplicates of each of the seven treatments were reared for three months. The best specific growth rates were obtained with 30 ppm astaxanthin (0.83%) and 60 ppm red pepper meal (0.84%); the low- est was in the control (0.54%). The lowest food conversion ratio was obtained with 30 ppm astax- anthin (1.38) and highest in the control (2.23; p<0.05). Visual coloration values ranged from 14.46±0.23 in the 30 ppm astaxanthin group to 11.55±0.25 in the control. Retention coefficients ranged from 6.63 in the 30 ppm astaxanthin group to 1.79 in the 60 ppm shrimp by-products meal (p<0.05). Tristimulus chromometer a values ranged from 0.87±0.47 in the control to 6.96±0.47 in the 60 ppm astaxanthin treatment, b values from 10.94±0.27 in the control to 12.90±0.27 in the 60 ppm red pepper meal treatment, and L values from 46.81±0.50 in the 60 ppm astaxanthin group to 54.57±0.26 in the control (p<0.05)

The Effects of Bay Leaf on Rainbow Trout's Growth, Aromatic and Meat Composition

In this study, the effects of bay leaf on the growth, aromatic and meat composition to rainbow tout was researched. This study was carried out about 10 weeks. Initial rainbow trout mean weight was 140.93 +/- 12.17 g and there was 30 fish to each group, total fish number are 240. Rainbow trout feed had about 40% crude protein and 13% crude lipid. Bay leaf was added on the rates of 3, 5 and 7% in rainbow trout feed. This study was conducted with four groups (3 experimental, 1 control) in two parallel sessions. At the end of the treatment, the highest live weight gains were at the control group (260.24 +/- 34.98 g) and 3% group (247.29 +/- 52.91 g). The least live weight gain was in 7% group (228.87 +/- 40.22 g) (p<0.05). At the end of study, a sensory test was conducted. The fish were treated with raw, dry cooked and cooked in bakery techniques. They were analyzed according to how they look, aroma and taste criteria. According to these criteria, it is supported that when the fish fed with bay leaf they showed aroma and taste of bay leaf. By bakery cooking method, bay leaf aroma and taste were felt the best with 3 and 5% groups and least with 7% group. By dry cooking method, bay leaf aroma and taste were felt the same with 3 and 5% groups but it was least with the 7% group (p<0.05). According to meat composition results in groups, it was found that the 7% group had 21.10 +/- 2.86% crude protein, 21.38 +/- 0.37% crude lipid while the control group hadl 8.88 +/- 0.29% crude protein, 20.36 +/- 0.36% crude lipid (p<0.05)