The Economic Expenditures of Fans Attending Cactus League Games in Scottsdale, Arizona 1988

Sports enterprises are important to the economic well-being of most communities. This article examines the dollar impact of professional baseball upon Scottsdale, Arizona, as well as the type and nature of tourist influence upon the community. The total primary dollar outcome to the community is $1,000,000.00

Development of a PEMFC Power System with Integrated Balance of Plant

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV s) have received increasing attention in recent years as military and commercial users look for means to maintain a mobile and persistent presence in the undersea world. Compact, neutrally buoyant power systems are needed for both small and large vehicles. Batteries are usually employed in these applications, but the energy density and therefore the mission duration are limited with current battery technology. At a certain energy or mission duration requirement, other means to get long duration power become feasible. For example, above 10 kW-hrs liquid oxygen and hydrogen have better specific energy than batteries and are preferable for energy storage as long as a compact system of about 100 W/liter is achievable to convert the chemical energy in these reactants into power. Other reactant forms are possible, such as high pressure gas, chemical hydrides or oxygen carriers, but it is essential that the power system be small and light weight. Recent fuel cell work, primarily focused on NASA applications, has developed power systems that can meet this target power density. Passive flow-through systems, using ejector driven reactant (EDR) flow, integrated into a compact balance of plant have been developed. These systems are thermally and functionally integrated in much the same way as are automotive, air breathing fuel cell systems. These systems fit into the small volumes required for AUV and future NASA applications. Designs have been developed for both a 21" diameter and a larger diameter (LD) AUV. These fuel cell systems occupy a very small portion of the overall energy system, allowing most of the system volume to be used for the reactants. The fuel cell systems have been optimized to use reactants efficiently with high stack efficiency and low parasitic losses. The resulting compact, highly efficient fuel cell system provides exceptional reactant utilization and energy density. Key design variables and supporting test data are presented. Future development activities are described

Building more accurate decision trees with the additive tree.

The expansion of machine learning to high-stakes application domains such as medicine, finance, and criminal justice, where making informed decisions requires clear understanding of the model, has increased the interest in interpretable machine learning. The widely used Classification and Regression Trees (CART) have played a major role in health sciences, due to their simple and intuitive explanation of predictions. Ensemble methods like gradient boosting can improve the accuracy of decision trees, but at the expense of the interpretability of the generated model. Additive models, such as those produced by gradient boosting, and full interaction models, such as CART, have been investigated largely in isolation. We show that these models exist along a spectrum, revealing previously unseen connections between these approaches. This paper introduces a rigorous formalization for the additive tree, an empirically validated learning technique for creating a single decision tree, and shows that this method can produce models equivalent to CART or gradient boosted stumps at the extremes by varying a single parameter. Although the additive tree is designed primarily to provide both the model interpretability and predictive performance needed for high-stakes applications like medicine, it also can produce decision trees represented by hybrid models between CART and boosted stumps that can outperform either of these approaches

Assessment of Obesity Management in a Primary Care Setting

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current practices related to obesity in the primary care setting in University of Kentucky’s Healthcare System. The specific aims were to: 1) Determine the proportion of obese patients who had an ICD-9/10 diagnosis code for obesity, 2) Determine the proportion of obese patients who received interventions related to their obesity, 3) Determine whether obesity diagnosis and interventions varied based on patient demographics, and 4) Compare actual obesity interventions to those outlined in the clinical practice guidelines. Methods: A retrospective chart review of male and female patients between the ages of 18 and 60 with BMI ≥ 30 was performed. A total of 100 charts of patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria between the years of 2013 and 2015 were randomly sampled. Patient demographics and characteristics were recorded into a spreadsheet in the secure Redcaps system, and exported into SPSS to analyze the data. Results: Most of the differences in obesity-related interventions did not vary significantly based on the patient demographics of gender, race, obesity class, age, and whether comorbidities and family history were listed in the chart. However, some significant results were found. Of the charts reviewed, people with higher obesity classes were found to have a higher likelihood of having an ICD diagnosis code for obesity. Also, African American patients were more likely to have an ICD diagnosis code for obesity than Caucasians and Other races. Conclusion: This study offers insight into possible gaps in managing obesity in primary care, as well as areas for further research. Providers should assess the weight and BMI of their patients, making sure that the appropriate recommendations are carried out based on clinical practice guidelines. Additional retrospective chart reviews with larger samples should be performed, as well as surveying providers to examine barriers to addressing obesity in primary care

Brilliance

This project is born from a feeling of intense "other-ness" that I experienced when I was a child. A severe bee allergy and above average intelligence put me at the edge of society in an already very small town. I was a kid with big ideas and big dreams in a place that wanted nothing to do with them. It was suffocating. I retreated into worlds of fantasy and steampunk and always dreamed of creating something like those stories that kept me company. Brilliance is my first true attempt at this. I wanted to create a world that merged the elements of steampunk and magic that I loved the most. I wanted to create a protagonist emblematic of those problems that I experienced as a child. I wanted to create a series of challenges to overcome that represent the things that I'm most dissatisfied with in the world. This one hour drama series is the culmination of all of my passions and the journeys I have taken

Changing energy futures: A systems approach to the adoption of energy alternatives in New Hampshire

In an attempt to develop a comprehensive approach to the study of the adoption of energy systems, this dissertation first critically examines a variety of approaches to this phenomenon, including market models of adoption, the adoption of innovations literature, and the social psychology of attitudes and behavior. Market models are seen as generally reductionistic and the argument is made that they fail to take into consideration a variety of non-cost considerations. The assumption here is that while price considerations play a role in this process, decisions are also affected by values and attitudes which are not directly incorporated into market models. A general model of adoption is developed which incorporates situational variables, decision factors, and individual characteristics. This model provides the basis for an analysis of data obtained through a survey of homeowners in the state of New Hampshire. Respondents in the survey are separated into three basic groups: those who have actually made an active decision to purchase an energy system (adopters), those who have thought about purchasing a nonconventional system and then decided against such a purchase (aware nonadopters) and those who have never thought about purchasing any sort of energy system (unaware nonadopters). The model is used in six different logit comparisons; centralized versus decentralized adopters; aware nonadopters versus, first solar adopters and, secondly, wood adopters; all nonadopters compared to all adopters; and unaware nonadopters compared to, again, solar adopters and then wood wood adopters. While the results vary for each comparison, generally they demonstrate that: (a) demographic variables do not help us to understand the differences between these groups; and (b) while some type of price consideration plays a role in these analyses, non-cost considerations like a desire to be independent or the amount of exposure to alternatives are also very important in helping us to understand this process

Building a Better Bijection between Classes of Compositions

A bijective proof is given for the following theorem: The number of compositions of n into parts congruent to a (mod b) equals the number of compositions of n + b - a into parts congruent to b (mod a) that are greater than or equal to b. The bijection is then shown to preserve palindromicity

Shell structure at N=28 near the dripline: spectroscopy of 42^{42}Si, 43^{43}P and 44^{44}S

Measurements of the N=28 isotones 42Si, 43P and 44S using one- and two-proton knockout reactions from the radioactive beam nuclei 44S and 46Ar are reported. The knockout reaction cross sections for populating 42Si and 43P and a 184 keV gamma-ray observed in 43P establish that the d_{3/2} and s_{1/2} proton orbits are nearly degenerate in these nuclei and that there is a substantial Z=14 subshell closure separating these two orbits from the d_{5/2} orbit. The increase in the inclusive two-proton knockout cross section from 42Si to 44S demonstrates the importance of the availability of valence protons for determining the cross section. New calculations of the two-proton knockout reactions that include diffractive effects are presented. In addition, it is proposed that a search for the d_{5/2} proton strength in 43P via a higher statistics one-proton knockout experiment could help determine the size of the Z=14 closure.Comment: Phys. Rev. C, in pres