9 research outputs found
A decentred reading of Zadie Smithâs Swing Time: voices of crossâcultural belonging
This article explores the dynamics of differentiation through the perspective of a reconceptualised representation of race, identity and cultural belonging that Swing Time brings into scrutiny. Relying on a decentred vision of the on-going problematic of racism, it sketches the various possible ways of re-reading our belonging to the world through the solidarities that bridge humanity into a purely shared heritage through art and danc
Evaluation of Two Strategies for Community-Based Safety Monitoring during Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Campaigns in Senegal, Compared with the National Spontaneous Reporting System.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine has been introduced in 12 African countries. Additional strategies for safety monitoring are needed to supplement national systems of spontaneous reporting that are known to under represent the incidence of adverse reactions. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine if adverse event (AE) reporting could be improved using a smartphone application provided to village health workers, or by active follow-up using a symptom card provided to caregivers. METHODS: Two strategies to improve reporting of AEs during SMC campaigns were evaluated, in comparison with the national system of spontaneous reporting, in 11 health post areas in Senegal. In each health post, an average of approximately 4000 children under 10Â years of age received SMC treatment each month for 3Â months during the 2015 malaria transmission season-a total of 134,000 treatments. In three health posts (serving approximately 14,000 children), caregivers were encouraged to report any adverse reactions to the nurse at the health post or to a community health worker (CHW) in their village, who had been trained to use a smartphone application to report the event (enhanced spontaneous reporting). In two health posts (approximately 10,000 children), active follow-up of children at home was organized after each SMC campaign to ask about AEs that caregivers had been asked to record on a symptom card (active surveillance). Six health posts (approximately 23,000 children) followed the national system of spontaneous reporting using the national reporting (yellow) form. Each AE report was assessed by a panel to determine likely association with SMC drugs. RESULTS: The incidence of reported AEs was 2.4, 30.6, and 21.6 per 1000 children treated per month, using the national system, enhanced spontaneous reporting, and active surveillance, respectively. The most commonly reported symptoms were vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. The incidence of vomiting, known to be caused by amodiaquine, was similar using both innovative methods (10/1000 in the first month, decreasing to 2.5/1000 in the third month). Despite increased surveillance, no serious adverse drug reactions were detected. CONCLUSION: Training CHWs in each village and health facility staff to report AEs using a mobile phone application led to much higher reporting rates than through the national system. This approach is feasible and acceptable, and could be further improved by strengthening laboratory investigation and the collection of control data immediately prior to SMC campaigns
A decentred reading of Zadie Smithâs Swing Time: voices of crossâcultural belonging
This article explores the dynamics of differentiation through the perspective of a reconceptualised representation of race, identity and cultural belonging that Swing Time brings into scrutiny. Relying on a decentred vision of the on-going problematic of racism, it sketches the various possible ways of re-reading our belonging to the world through the solidarities that bridge humanity into a purely shared heritage through art and danc
Dynamique et transmission linguistique au Sénégal au cours des 25 derniÚres années
Véhicule de connaissances traditionnelles, les langues autochtones au Sénégal
subissent aujourdâhui lâeffet combinĂ© des nouvelles configurations familiales et des
dynamiques migratoires. Dans lâadministration publique et lâenseignement, le français sâest
imposé. Partant des quatre derniers recensements généraux de population, cette étude
prĂ©sente lâĂ©volution des caractĂ©ristiques dĂ©mo-linguistiques de la population du SĂ©nĂ©gal.
Lâaccent est mis sur une analyse dynamique de la langue maternelle, les questions de
transfert ou de substitution au profit dâune langue dâusage et la place du français dans
lâunivers linguistique national. Ces prĂ©occupations rejoignent la question lancinante de
lâintroduction des langues africaines Ă lâĂ©cole qui constitue encore le noeud gordien du
systÚme éducatif sénégalais. Comment évoluent les langues maternelles au Sénégal ? Dans
quelles zones ou aires géographiques les enfants perdent-ils la pratique des langues
familiales ? RĂ©pondre Ă toutes ces questions nous permettra de dresser lâarchitecture
linguistique qui mettra en valeur, non seulement les langues locales, mais Ă©galement les
parlers nationaux qui faciliteront leur intégration dans le systÚme éducatif.Indigenous languages in Senegal, the vehicles of traditional knowledge, are now
experiencing the combined effects of new family configurations and migration dynamics. In
the public administration and education sector, French has become a reality. Based on the
last four general population censuses, this study aims to present the evolution of the
demo-linguistic characteristics of the population of Senegal. The emphasis is on a dynamic
analysis of maternal languages, addressing questions about the transfer from or substitution
of these in favour of a common working language, and about the place of French in the
national linguistic universe. These issues are pertinent to the question still haunting the
Senegalese education system concerning the introduction into schooling of local African
languages. How are indigenous languages evolving in Senegal ? In which geographical areas do
children lose the practice of family languages ? Responding to all these questions will
enable us to design a linguistic architecture that will valorize not only local languages
but also the national languages that will facilitate their integration into the educational
system
Evaluation du programme ABT - Programme franco-sénégalais de recherches sur les aliments et les besoins des ruminants domestiques au Sénégal (Alimentation du bétail tropical), 18-25 mars 1991
Evaluation des estimations indirectes de mortalité dans trois observatoires de population au Sénégal
En Afrique sub-saharienne, les recensements constituent une source de donnĂ©es fondamentale pour estimer la mortalitĂ©, en raison de lâincomplĂ©tude de lâenregistrement des dĂ©cĂšs Ă l'Ă©tat civil. Afin dâĂ©valuer la fiabilitĂ© des niveaux de mortalitĂ© qui peuvent en ĂȘtre dĂ©duits, nous appliquons diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes dâestimation Ă des extraits des recensements sĂ©nĂ©galais de 2002 et 2013, couvrant trois observatoires de population situĂ©s Ă Bandafassi, Mlomp et Niakhar. Les taux de mortalitĂ© des moins de cinq ans tirĂ©s du nombre dâenfants nĂ©s vivants et survivants sâavĂšrent plus bas que les niveaux attendus au vu des donnĂ©es du suivi dĂ©mographique. Les estimations dĂ©duites des dĂ©clarations sur la survie des parents sont largement infĂ©rieures aux niveaux de mortalitĂ© adulte rĂ©ellement observĂ©s selon le suivi. Par contre, les taux de mortalitĂ© par Ăąge basĂ©s sur les dĂ©cĂšs rĂ©cents dĂ©clarĂ©s dans les mĂ©nages sont conformes aux donnĂ©es du suivi, sauf pour la mortalitĂ© infantile qui est sensiblement sous-dĂ©clarĂ©e en 2002. Cette Ă©valuation confirme que les mĂ©thodes indirectes procurent des estimations qui ne peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es isolĂ©ment mais doivent plutĂŽt ĂȘtre systĂ©matiquement comparĂ©es les unes aux autres. Des Ă©tudes dâĂ©valuation directes menĂ©es au niveau individuel Ă lâaide dâappariements sont nĂ©cessaires pour mieux identifier les diffĂ©rentes sources de biais
Possible influence of Plasmodium/Trypanosoma co-infections on the vectorial capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes
International audienceOBJECTIVE:In tropical Africa, trypanosomiasis is present in endemic areas with many other diseases including malaria. Because malaria vectors become more anthropo-zoophilic under the current insecticide pressure, they may be exposed to trypanosome parasites. By collecting mosquitoes in six study sites with distinct malaria infection prevalence and blood sample from cattle, we tried to assess the influence of malaria-trypanosomiasis co-endemicity on the vectorial capacity of Anopheles.RESULTS:Overall, all animal infections were due to Trypanosoma vivax (infection rates from 2.6 to 10.5%) in villages where the lowest Plasmodium prevalence were observed at the beginning of the study. An. gambiae s.l. displayed trophic preferences for human-animal hosts. Over 84 mosquitoes, only one was infected by Plasmodium falciparum (infection rate: 4.5%) in a site that displayed the highest prevalence at the beginning of the study. Thus, Anopheles could be exposed to Trypanosoma when they feed on infected animals. No Plasmodium infection was observed in the Trypanosoma-infected animals sites. This can be due to an interaction between both parasites as observed in mice and highlights the need of further studies considering Trypanosoma/Plasmodium mixed infections to better characterize the role of these infections in the dynamic of malaria transmission and the mechanisms involved