Generalized Monotone Iterative Techniques for Caputo Fractional IVP with an Application to Biological Models

We will begin this presentation with the definition and important properties of the Caputo fractional derivative. Next, we describe the main problem and define two different sets of coupled lower and upper solutions of a Caputo fractional differential equation with initial condition of order q, 0 \u3c q \u3c 1. The forcing function is the sum of an increasing function and a decreasing, which is common in classical applications such as the logistic model. Then, we develop two monotone iterative techniques, one corresponding to each set of lower and up- per solutions, which consist of sequences that converge uniformly and monotonically to minimal and maximal solutions of the IVP. Finally, we present an application example that illustrates our results

ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE / LAND COVER IMPACT ON HUMAN AND NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE SALTON SEA WATERSHED, 2013 - 2021

This study represents an interdisciplinary analysis of the changing landscape of the Salton Sea Watershed from 2013 to 2021, focusing on land use land cover (LULC) category changes, climatic variations, and socioeconomic factors. The findings of this research show a shift in land cover categories, portrayed by the changes of natural landscapes and vegetative areas into rapidly increasing urbanized expansion and increased impervious surfaces. These changes pose concerns about increased temperature in the region, a decrease in overall water availability and groundwater infiltration, and an increase in pollution. The study explores 10 sub-watersheds within the Salton Sea Watershed basin, focusing on the changes of LULC categories and overall temperature in the region, as well as exposing the steady decline of water in the Salton Sea sub-watershed which show a trend that could exacerbate issues regarding water and air quality that would affect nearby human and ecological environments. As the landscape of this region continues to change, primarily with reduction of vegetation and the expansion of impervious surfaces, it is important to continue growing and implementing watershed management policies to reduce further environmental and public health impacts

La limitation de responsabilité dans le transport multimodal

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de L.L.M. en droit des affaires"L'objet de ce mémoire est d'étudier la façon dont la limitation de responsabilité est appliquée dans le transport multimodal international de marchandises. La première partie du mémoire déterminera le concept du transport multimodal, ainsi que les origines de la limitation de responsabilité dans le transport de marchandises. On étudiera aussi comment la responsabilité est limitée dans les divers modes de transport qui peuvent composer le transport multimodal, avec un spécial intérêt sur l'Amérique du Nord. La deuxième partie du mémoire fera une analyse des diverses conventions et traités internationaux qui peuvent régir le transport multimodal international, en étudiant la façon dont la limitation de responsabilité est régie par ces conventions. De même, une analyse sera faite sur l'utilité et justification actuelle d'une limite à la responsabilité des transporteurs de marchandises. Finalement on étudiera les possibilités d'obtenir un traité international qui régisse le transport multimodal et qui puisse établir une limite de responsabilité uniforme a travers le monde.The purpose of this thesis is to study the manner in which liabilities are limited in the international multimodal transport of goods. The first part of the thesis will establish the concept of multimodal transport, as well as the origins of the limitation of liability in the transportation of goods. We shall also study how the liability is limited in the various modes of transport that conform multimodal transport, making a special emphasis in North America. The second part of the thesis will analyze the different conventions and international treaties that may regulate the multimodal transport of goods, by studying the manner in which limitation of liability is regulated in these conventions. It will also analyze will be made about the present need and justification of a limitation of liability for transporters of goods. Finally, we shall study the possibility of an international treaty being created which will regulate the multimodal international transport of goods and which will establish a uniform limitation of liability through out the world

Mitigar la propagación de la COVID - 19 : un desafío y una oportunidad

(Eng) The Colombian government declared the quarantine for all the population since 25th March, 2020 as a measure to mitigate the expansion of COVID-19 in the country. Nevertheless, this restrictive measure showed early some opposite consequences to its purpose. As observed in other countries, the restriction measure caused a mass purchase of products, formation of crowds in grocery, department stores and local markets. The fear of shortage also caused exhaustion of products, long journeys and accumulation of large numbers of people in stores, bank offices and ATMs

Giuseppe la Bua: Cicero and Roman Education. Reflections on Rhetorical Topics and Ciceronian Scholarship

Ciceronian scholars preserve rhetorical models Orator studies how speak well and how impact on the history of his State Cicero and Roman education the reception of the speeches and ancient scholarship was published by Giuseppe la Bua On the one hand this book dates from frebruary 2019 in Cambridge University and on the other hand Giuseppe la Bua works at the Sapienza University Rome La Bua focuses in the literature in the Roman world In this review I reflect on ancient tools of manipulation used by Ciceronian scholars I attempt to recognize Cicero s practice what memorialized him like an exemplar on schools and vir bonus I agree with la Bua on that Cicero s facets was politician teacher and Icon of latin Pros

Simulations of GRB Jets in a Stratified External Medium: Dynamics, Afterglow Lightcurves, Jet Breaks and Radio Calorimetry

The dynamics of GRB jets during the afterglow phase is most reliably and accurately modelled using hydrodynamic simulations. All published simulations, however, have considered only a uniform external medium, while a stratified external medium is expected around long duration GRB progenitors. Here we present simulations of the dynamics of GRB jets and the resulting afterglow emission for both uniform and stratified external media with $\rho \propto r^{-k}$ for k = 0, 1, 2. The simulations are performed in 2D using the special relativistic version of the Mezcal code. The dynamics for stratified external media are broadly similar to those derived for expansion into a uniform external medium. The jet half-opening angle start increasing logarithmically with time once the Lorentz factor drops below 1/theta_0. For larger k values the lateral expansion is faster at early times and slower at late times with the jet expansion becoming Newtonian and slowly approaching spherical symmetry over progressively longer timescales. We find that contrary to analytic expectations, there is a reasonably sharp jet break in the lightcurve for k = 2 although the shape of the break is affected more by the viewing angle than by the slope of the external density profile. Steeper density profiles are found to produce more gradual jet breaks while larger viewing angles cause smoother and later appearing jet breaks. The counter-jet becomes visible as it becomes sub-relativistic, and for k=0 this results in a clear bump-like feature in the light curve. However, for larger k values the jet decelerates more gradually, causing only a mild flattening in the radio light curve that might be hard to discern when k=2. Late time radio calorimetry is likely to consistently over-estimate the true energy by up to a factor of a few for k=2, and either over-predict or under-predict it by a smaller factor for k = 0,1.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Ap

Solución prueba de habilidades practicas CCNA1,2 Escenario 1 – Escenario 2.

Cisco Systems es una empresa global con sede en San José, California, Estados Unidos, principalmente dedicada a la fabricación, venta, mantenimiento y consultoría de equipos de telecomunicaciones. Es mundialmente conocida por ser líder en el mundo de redes de datos y TI, fabrica componentes de red, como routers, firewalls de hardware, productos de telefonía IP, entre otros, estos dispositivos son bastantes robustos y conocidos en todo el mundo. La Certificación Cisco es un plan de capacitación en tecnología de redes informáticas que la empresa Cisco ofrece. Se divide en tres niveles, de menor a mayor complejidad: Cisco Certified Network Associate, Cisco Certified Network Professional y Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert, más conocidos por sus siglas: CCNA. Packet Tracer es la herramienta de aprendizaje y simulación de redes interactiva para los instructores y alumnos de Cisco CCNA. Esta herramienta les permite a los usuarios crear topologías de red, configurar dispositivos, insertar paquetes y simular una red con múltiples representaciones visuales.Cisco Systems is a global company based in San José, California, United States, primarily engaged in the manufacture, sale, maintenance and consulting of telecommunications equipment. It is known worldwide for being a leader in the world of data networks and IT, manufactures network components, such as routers, hardware firewalls, IP telephony products, among others, these devices are quite robust and known throughout the world. The Cisco Certification is a computer network technology training plan that the Cisco company offers. It is divided into three levels, from least to greatest complexity: Cisco Certified Network Associate, Cisco Certified Network Professional and Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert, better known by its acronym: CCNA. Packet Tracer is the interactive networking simulation and learning tool for Cisco CCNA instructors and students. This tool allows users to create network topologies, configure devices, insert packages and simulate a network with multiple visual representations

The role of FtsZ treadmilling and torsional stress for bacterial cytokinesis: an in vitro study

In dieser Dissertation studierte ich die „Treadmilling“-Dynamik der GTPase FtsZ in vitro. FtsZ gehört zu den häufigsten Proteinen, die an der bakteriellen Zellteilung beteiligt sind. Da FtsZ in vivo an der Lipid Membran verankert ist und eine ringartige Struktur formt, wurde vermutet, dass FtsZ für den mechanischen Prozess der Zytokinese Einschnürungskräfte ausübt. Mehr noch als zu testen, ob FtsZ Kräfte ausübt, die hinreichend für die bakterielle Zellteilung sind, soll die hier präsentierte Studie vielmehr Eigenschaften von FtsZ Polymeren aufzeigen um den physikalischen Prozess der Einschnürung zu verste- hen. Zuerst habe ich vorherige Konzepte über die Rolle von FtsA als natürliches Ankerprotein in Frage gestellt nach Rekonstituierung von FtsZ auf „Supported Lipid Membranes“ (SLBs). Anders als erwartet konnte ich zeigen, dass die FtsZ-YFP-mts Chimäre autonom an die Membran binden kann und die Proteine sich auf der Membran zu einer ringartigen Struktur zusammensetzen, abhängig von der Dichte der Proteine auf der Membranoberfläche. Dieser Ring weist „treadmilling“ Verhalten auf, welches sich in einer anscheinenden Rotation im Uhrzeigersinn äußert. Bei intermediären Proteindichten von FtsZ-YFP-mts formten sich Ringe und bei hohen Proteindichten formten sich parallel zueinander liegende Filamente in nematischer Anordnung. Ferner scheint die Entstehung der ringförmigen Strukturen, ähnlich der in vivo Situation, eher von der GTPase Aktivität abzuhängen als von spezifischen Protein-Anker Interaktionen. Um den Einfluß von FtsZ auf deformierbare Oberflächen zu untersuchen, habe ich Ver- fahren entwickelt, um FtsZ Ringe an der Außenseite von gigantischen unilamellaren Vesikeln (GUVs) zu rekonstituieren. Nachdem die Vesikel einem osmotischen Schock ausgesetzt wurden um sie deformierbar zu machen, induzierten die FtsZ Ringe durch „Bohr-Kräfte“ nach innen gerichtete Membraneinstülpungen („Membran-Kegel“). Mit den nach innen gerichteten Membraneinstülpungen zeigte FtsZ „treadmilling“ Richtungen sowohl im Uhrzeigersinn, als auch gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. Ferner, um den Einfluß von FtsZ auf zylin- drische Geometrien zu untersuchen, habe ich ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, um längliche, weiche, Membranausstülpungen aus GUVs mit Hilfe optischer Pinzetten zu ziehen. Bei GUVs mit FtsZ Ringen an der Membranaußenseite und nach innen gerichteten Membraneinstülpungen, wurden die weichen mit der optischen Pinzette gezogenen „Lipid-Röhren“ bemerkenswerterweise durch FtsZ in eine 3D-helikale, federartige Struktur transformiert. Diese helikalen Deformationen lassen sich durch Verdrehen eines elastischen Stabes erklären. Zusätzlich verursacht die GTPase Aktivität einen „super-verdrehten“ Zustand der ausgezogenen Lipid Membran, die eine Feder-Kompression verursacht mit Kräften um die 0.6 − 1 pN. Diese GTPase abhängige Feder-Kompression entspricht den Einschnürungen, wenn FtsZ innerhalb von GUVs rekonstituiert wurde. Daher schlage ich vor, dass FtsZ bedingte Einschnürungen durch Torsion erzeugt werden.In this thesis, I studied the treadmilling-dynamic properties of GTP-consuming FtsZ filaments in vitro. FtsZ is the most abundant protein in bacteria cell-division machinery. Since FtsZ filaments are anchored to the lipid membrane to form a ring-like structure, it has been suggested that FtsZ exerts constriction-forces driving the mechanical process of cytokinesis. More than determining whether FtsZ generate forces that suffice bacteria cell division, the here presented in vitro study sheds light on FtsZ polymer properties aiming to understand the physical process of constriction. First, I challenged previous conceptions about the role of FtsA, a natural FtsZ membrane anchor, when FtsZ was reconstituted on Supported-Lipid Membranes (SLBs). Contrary to expected, I found that an autonomous membrane binding chimera FtsZ-YFP-mts self-assembles into treadmilling (clockwise-rotation) ring-like structures as a function of the surface protein density. At intermediate surface densities, FtsZ-YFP-mts formed rings whereas, at high surface densities, filaments exhibited a parallel-nematic arrangement. Moreover, rather than an specific protein-anchor interaction, FtsZ GTPase activity determined the emergence of treadmilling rings as also shown in vivo. To explore the impact of FtsZ on deformable surfaces, I found the conditions to reconstitute FtsZ rings outside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs). Once vesicles were deflated (deformable), rings induced drilling-like forces shaping inwards cones. In this cone-geometry, FtsZ showed clockwise/anticlockwise treadmilling directions. Moreover, to investigate the impact of FtsZ on tubular geometries, I implemented a novel technique to pull soft lipid tubes (from GUVs) using optical tweezers. Then, soft tubes were pulled from GUVs displaying (outside) FtsZ rings and inwards deformation. Strikingly, FtsZ transformed the lipid tube into a 3D helical spring-like structure. These helical deformations can be rationalized by twisting an elastic rod. In addition, GTPase activity triggered a super-twisted state causing spring compression and delivering forces around 0.6 - 1 pN. This GTPase dependent spring-compression resulted equivalent to the formation of constriction necks when FtsZ was reconstituted inside GUVs. Therefore, I suggest that FtsZ makes constriction via torsional stress