Simple, partial type-inference for System F based on type-containment

We explore partial type-inference for System F based on type-containment. We consider both cases of a purely functional semantics and a call-by-value stateful semantics. To enable type-inference, we require higher-rank polymorphism to be user-specified via type annotations on source terms. We allow implicit predicative type-containment and explicit impredicative type-instantiation. We obtain a core language that is both as expressive as System F and conservative over ML. Its type system has a simple logical specification and a partial type-reconstruction algorithm that are both very close to the ones for ML. We then propose a surface language where some annotations may be omitted and rebuilt by some algorithmically defined but logically incomplete elaboration mechanism

8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative damage in oesophageal cancer patients: lack of association with antioxidant vitamins and polymorphism of hOGG1 and GST

International audienceThe present report was designed to investigate the origins of elevated oxidative stress measured in cancer patients in our previous work related to a case-control study (17 cases, 43 controls) on oesophageal cancers. The aim was to characterize the relationship between the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), antioxidant vitamins and genetic susceptibility

Impact of anesthesia on some of physiological parameters in Acipenser nudiventris

Impact of anesthesia with electric shock on some of physiological parameters was studied in in Acipenser nudiventris in this study, we investigated the induction and recovery times and physiological response of Acipenser nudiventris. We anesthetized them by CO2 (mmhg), clove powder (mg/L), and electric shock (V). Shortest and longest induction time were 0.15 min and 4.25 min when electric shock and clove powder were used. On the other hand, shortest and longest time of recovery time were 3.23 min and 2. 20 min respectively when electric shock and CO2 gas were used. Cortisol and glucose levels increased 1 and 6 hours after anesthesia. Changes in plasma osmolality were less among the anesthesia treatments. Results demonstrated that electric shock was a more effective method for quick induction time, although all anesthetic methods were found to be safe

Benzo[a]pyrene, Aflatoxine B1 and Acetaldehyde Mutational Patterns in TP53 Gene Using a Functional Assay: Relevance to Human Cancer Aetiology

Mutations in the TP53 gene are the most common alterations in human tumours. TP53 mutational patterns have sometimes been linked to carcinogen exposure. In hepatocellular carcinoma, a specific G>T transversion on codon 249 is classically described as a fingerprint of aflatoxin B1 exposure. Likewise G>T transversions in codons 157 and 158 have been related to tobacco exposure in human lung cancers. However, controversies remain about the interpretation of TP53 mutational pattern in tumours as the fingerprint of genotoxin exposure. By using a functional assay, the Functional Analysis of Separated Alleles in Yeast (FASAY), the present study depicts the mutational pattern of TP53 in normal human fibroblasts after in vitro exposure to well-known carcinogens: benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1 and acetaldehyde. These in vitro patterns of mutations were then compared to those found in human tumours by using the IARC database of TP53 mutations. The results show that the TP53 mutational patterns found in human tumours can be only partly ascribed to genotoxin exposure. A complex interplay between the functional impact of the mutations on p53 phenotype and the cancer natural history may affect these patterns. However, our results strongly support that genotoxins exposure plays a major role in the aetiology of the considered cancers

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Elaboration de composes semiconducteurs par voie electrochimique: cas du CdSe_xTe_1_-_x et du CuInSe_2

SIGLEINIST T 77119 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Elaboration de composés semiconducteurs par voie électrochimique. Cas du CdSexTe1-x et du CulnSe2.

The semiconductor compounds cdse#x te#1#x and cuinse#2 were prepared by direct electrodeposition, from acid sulphate solutions. The composition of the layers, their crystalline structure, their morphology, their bandgap width and their photoreponse in a photoelectrochemical cell were studied according to the composition of the electrolyte and the deposit potential. It has been shown that well crystallized thin films of cdse#xte#1#x can only be obtained at low concentrations of h#2seo#3 in the bath and in a narrow range of potential corresponding to the underpotential deposition of cadmium. The ternary compound cuinse#2, with the chalcopyrite structure was prepared from a solution containing citrate ions as the complexing agent. It has been shown that, in all cases, the formation of smooth layers of definitively crystalline compounds necessitates a slow surface process which, to be fully completed, requires a strong inhibition of the surface by adsorbed ions or by complexant agentsLes composes semiconducteurs cdse#x te#1##x et cuinse#2 ont ete prepares par electrodeposition directe, a partir de solutions sulfates acides. La composition des couches, leur structure cristalline, leur morphologie, leur largeur de bande interdite et leur photoreponse dans une cellule photoelectrochimique ont ete etudiees en fonction de la composition de l'electrolyte et du potentiel de depot. Il a ete montre que les films fins bien cristallises de cdse#xte#1##x ne peuvent etre obtenus que pour de faibles concentrations de h#2seo#3 dans le bain et dans une gamme etroite de potentiel correspondant au depot underpotential du cadmium. Le compose ternaire cuinse#2, avec la structure chalcopyrite a ete prepare a partir d'une solution contenant des ions citrate comme agent complexant. Il a ete montre que, dans tous les cas, la formation de couches lisses de composes definis cristallins necessite un processus lent de surface qui, de facon a etre entierement acheve, demande une forte inhibition de la surface par des ions adsorbes ou par des agents complexant

10 The Essence of ML Type Inference 10.1 What Is ML?

The name ML appeared during the late seventies. It then referred to a generalpurpose programming language that was used as a meta-language (whence its name) within the theorem prover LCF (Gordon, Milner, and Wadsworth, 1979). Since then, several new programming languages, each of which offers several different implementations, have drawn inspiration from it. So, what does ML stand for today? For a semanticist, ML might stand for a programming language featuring first-class functions, data structures built out of products and sums, mutable memory cells called references, exception handling, automatic memory management, and a call-by-value semantics. This view encompasses the Standard ML (Milner, Tofte, and Harper, 1990) and Caml (Leroy, 2000) families of programming languages. We refer to it as ML-the-programming-language. For a type theorist, ML might stand for a particular breed of type systems, based on the simply-typed λ-calculus, but extended with a simple form of polymorphism introduced by let declarations. These type systems have decidabl

Stability conditions of cell populations in vivo

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe