78 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Hook3 is a scaffold for the opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors cytoplasmic dynein-1 and KIF1C.
The unidirectional and opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors, dynein and kinesin, drive long-distance intracellular cargo transport. Cellular observations suggest that opposite-polarity motors may be coupled. We recently identified an interaction between the cytoplasmic dynein-1 activating adaptor Hook3 and the kinesin-3 KIF1C. Here, using in vitro reconstitutions with purified components, we show that KIF1C and dynein/dynactin can exist in a complex scaffolded by Hook3. Full-length Hook3 binds to and activates dynein/dynactin motility. Hook3 also binds to a short region in the "tail" of KIF1C, but unlike dynein/dynactin, this interaction does not activate KIF1C. Hook3 scaffolding allows dynein to transport KIF1C toward the microtubule minus end, and KIF1C to transport dynein toward the microtubule plus end. In cells, KIF1C can recruit Hook3 to the cell periphery, although the cellular role of the complex containing both motors remains unknown. We propose that Hook3's ability to scaffold dynein/dynactin and KIF1C may regulate bidirectional motility, promote motor recycling, or sequester the pool of available dynein/dynactin activating adaptors
The molecular organization of differentially curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane
Caveolae are small coated plasma membrane invaginations with diverse functions. Caveolae undergo curvature changes. Yet, it is unclear which proteins regulate this process. To address this gap, we develop a correlative stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence and platinum replica electron microscopy imaging (CLEM) method to image proteins at single caveolae. Caveolins and cavins are found at all caveolae, independent of curvature. EHD2 is detected at both low and highly curved caveolae. Pacsin2 associates with low curved caveolae and EHBP1 with mostly highly curved caveolae. Dynamin is absent from caveolae. Cells lacking dynamin show no substantial changes to caveolae, suggesting that dynamin is not directly involved in caveolae curvature. We propose a model where caveolins, cavins, and EHD2 assemble as a cohesive structural unit regulated by intermittent associations with pacsin2 and EHBP1. These coats can flatten and curve to enable lipid traffic, signaling, and changes to the surface area of the cell
Faraday tomography of LoTSS-DR2 data: I. Faraday moments in the high-latitude outer Galaxy and revealing Loop III in polarisation
Observations of synchrotron emission at low radio frequencies reveal a
labyrinth of polarised Galactic structures. However, the explanation for the
wealth of structures remains uncertain due to the complex interactions between
the interstellar medium and the magnetic field. A multi-tracer approach to the
analysis of large sky areas is needed. This paper aims to use polarimetric
images from the LOFAR Two metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) to produce the biggest
mosaic of polarised emission in the northern sky at low radio frequencies (150
MHz) to date. The large area this mosaic covers allows for detailed
morphological and statistical studies of polarised structures in the
high-latitude outer Galaxy, including the well-known Loop III region. We
produced a 3100 square degree Faraday tomographic cube using a rotation measure
synthesis tool. We calculated the statistical moments of Faraday spectra and
compared them with data sets at higher frequencies (1.4 GHz) and with a map of
a rotation measure derived from extragalactic sources. The mosaic is dominated
by polarised emission connected to Loop III. Additionally, the mosaic reveals
an abundance of other morphological structures, mainly {narrow and extended}
depolarisation canals, which are found to be ubiquitous. We find a correlation
between the map of an extragalactic rotation measure and the LoTSS first
Faraday moment image. The ratio of the two deviates from a simple model of a
Burn slab (Burn 1966) along the line of sight, which highlights the high level
of complexity in the magnetoionic medium that can be studied at these
frequencies.Comment: 20 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The mediating roles of workplace support and ethical work environment in associations between leadership and moral distress:a longitudinal study of Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in heightened moral distress among health care workers (HCWs) worldwide. Past research has shown that effective leadership may mitigate potential for the development of moral distress. However, no research to date has considered the mechanisms by which leadership might have an influence on moral distress. We sought to evaluate longitudinally whether Canadian HCWs’ perceptions of workplace support and ethical work environment would mediate associations between leadership and moral distress.Methods: A total of 239 French- and English-speaking Canadian HCWs employed during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited to participate in a longitudinal online survey. Participants completed measures of organizational and supervisory leadership at baseline and follow-up assessments of workplace support, perceptions of an ethical work environment, and moral distress.Results: Associations between both organizational and supervisory leadership and moral distress were fully mediated by workplace supports and perceptions of an ethical work environment.Discussion: To ensure HCW well-being and quality of care, it is important to ensure that HCWs are provided with adequate workplace supports, including manageable work hours, social support, and recognition for efforts, as well as an ethical workplace environment
The Marine light - mixed layer experiment cruise and data report, R/V Endeavor : cruise EN-224, mooring deployment, 27 April-1 May 1991, cruise EN-227, mooring recovery, 5-23 September 1991
The Marine Light - Mixed Layer experiment took place in the sub-Arctic North Atlantic ocean, approximately 275 miles
south of Reykjavik, Iceland. The field program included a central surface mooring to document the temporal evolution of physical,
biological and optical properties. The surface mooring was deployed at approximately 59°N, 21°W on 29 April 1991 and recovered
on 6 September 1991. The Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was responsible for design,
preparation, deployment, and recovery of the mooring. The Group's contrbution to the field measurements included four different
types of sensors: a meteorological observation package on the surface buoy, a string of 15 temperature sensors along the mooring
line, an acoustic Doppler current profiler, and four instruments for measuring mooring tension and accelerations. The observations
obtained from the mooring are sufficient to describe the air-sea fluxes and the local physical response to surface forcing. The
objective in the analysis phase will be to determine the factors controlling this physical response and to work towards an understanding
of the links among physical, biological, and optical processes. This report describes the deployment and recovery of the
mooring, the meteorological data, and the subsurface temperature and current data.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-89-J-1683
Inequality and Macroeconomic Factors: A Time-Series Analysis for a Set of OECD Countries
A Functional Screen Provides Evidence for a Conserved, Regulatory, Juxtamembrane Phosphorylation Site in Guanylyl Cyclase A and B
Kinase homology domain (KHD) phosphorylation is required for activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A and -B. Phosphopeptide mapping identified multiple phosphorylation sites in GC-A and GC-B, but these approaches have difficulty identifying sites in poorly detected peptides. Here, a functional screen was conducted to identify novel sites. Conserved serines or threonines in the KHDs of phosphorylated receptor GCs were mutated to alanine and tested for reduced hormone to detergent activity ratios. Mutation of Ser-489 in GC-B to alanine but not glutamate reduced the activity ratio to 60% of wild type (WT) levels. Similar results were observed with Ser-473, the homologous site in GC-A. Receptors containing glutamates for previously identified phosphorylation sites (GC-A-6E and GC-B-6E) were activated to ∼20% of WT levels but the additional glutamate substitution for S473 or S489 increased activity to near WT levels. Substrate-velocity assays indicated that GC-B-WT-S489E and GC-B-6E-S489E had lower Km values and that WT-GC-B-S489A, GC-B-6E and GC-B-6E-S489A had higher Km values than WT-GC-B. Homologous desensitization was enhanced when GC-A contained the S473E substitution, and GC-B-6E-S489E was resistant to inhibition by a calcium elevating treatment or protein kinase C activation – processes that dephosphorylate GC-B. Mass spectrometric detection of a synthetic phospho-Ser-473 containing peptide was 200–1300-fold less sensitive than other phosphorylated peptides and neither mass spectrometric nor 32PO4 co-migration studies detected phospho-Ser-473 or phospho-Ser-489 in cells. We conclude that Ser-473 and Ser-489 are Km-regulating phosphorylation sites that are difficult to detect using current methods
The mediating roles of workplace support and ethical work environment in associations between leadership and moral distress: a longitudinal study of Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in heightened moral distress among health care workers (HCWs) worldwide. Past research has shown that effective leadership may mitigate potential for the development of moral distress. However, no research to date has considered the mechanisms by which leadership might have an influence on moral distress. We sought to evaluate longitudinally whether Canadian HCWs’ perceptions of workplace support and ethical work environment would mediate associations between leadership and moral distress.MethodsA total of 239 French- and English-speaking Canadian HCWs employed during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited to participate in a longitudinal online survey. Participants completed measures of organizational and supervisory leadership at baseline and follow-up assessments of workplace support, perceptions of an ethical work environment, and moral distress.ResultsAssociations between both organizational and supervisory leadership and moral distress were fully mediated by workplace supports and perceptions of an ethical work environment.DiscussionTo ensure HCW well-being and quality of care, it is important to ensure that HCWs are provided with adequate workplace supports, including manageable work hours, social support, and recognition for efforts, as well as an ethical workplace environment
- …