Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una cafetería estilo retro en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

Realizar un estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una cafetería temática estilo retro en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura.El presente proyecto tiene como finalidad realizar un estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una cafetería estilo retro en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura. El procedimiento metodológico que se aplicó para el desarrollo del estudio de factibilidad fue mediante la aplicación de la investigación descriptiva, los métodos inductivo, deductivo, analítico – sintético. Los resultados del diagnóstico y el desarrollo de las variables e indicadores muestran que existe una oportunidad para la creación de la cafetería estilo retro porque según la Ley Orgánica de Emprendimiento e Innovación tiene como objetivos desarrollar programas de soporte técnico, financiero y administrativo para emprendedores, orientado al desarrollo productivo y promover el acceso al financiamiento público y privado. Los resultados de la propuesta en relación al estudio de mercado presentan una demanda proyectada de 767.756 productos de cafetería, la oferta es de 589.006 productos, generándose una demanda insatisfecha de 178.750 productos de cafetería. Del estudio técnico se determina que la cafetería se ubicará en la Av. Atahualpa y Miguel Leoro, la capacidad instalada será de 20.592 productos de cafetería en el año, se estructuró los procesos del servicio de cafetería. La inversión del proyecto es de $27.369.03, de los cuales el 80$11.820.39, una TIR del 19.01%, PRI de 4 años, 1 mes y 11 días, Beneficio / Costo de $1.43. Del estudio organizacional se estableció el direccionamiento estratégico, organigrama estructural, manual de funciones, mapa de procesos y la constitución jurídica de la cafetería. En la validación se consideró los criterios cualitativos de factibilidad del proyecto de los docentes técnicos y tutora del proyecto, para medir la consistencia de los capítulos del estudio de factibilidad.Ingenierí

In Vitro Propagation of Muña-Muña ( Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley)

A micropropagation protocol was developed which may assist in the safeguarding and augmentation of dwindling natural populations of Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley, a critically and endangered medicinal plant. Factors affecting culture initiation bud sprouting and growth, rooting, and acclimatization were studied, using nodal segments of in vitro germinated seedling as primary explants on six media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5?1.5 and 2-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.5?1.5). Best results for culture initiation with sustainable multiplication rates (100%) were obtained onWP medium without any growth regulator.WP with the addition of 0.5 : 1 or 0.5 : 1.5) of BAP and NAA promoted a higher elongation; however, the optimum number of nodes were obtained in plantlets grown on 1/2 MS with the addition of 1 : 1.5 of BAP and NAA. Culture of sectioned individual nodes transferred to the media with different rates of BAP and NAA 1/2 MS-9 (1.5 : 1.5), SH-8 (1.5 : 1.0), and 1/2 B5-4 (1.0 : 0.5) media resulted in no proliferated shoots. The in vitro plants were successfully acclimatized garden soil and sand (2 : 1) in the greenhouse, with over 90% survival rate. The in vitro-grown plants could be transferred to ex vitro conditions and the efficacy in supporting ex vitro growth was assessed, with a view to develope longer-term strategies for the transfer and reintroduction into natural habitats.Fil: Diaz, María Soledad. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Palacio, Lorena. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Figueroa, Ana Cristina. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Goleniowski, Marta Ester. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Anamnesis y examen físico

El método más efectivo para el diagnóstico de alergia alimentaria es la historia clínica, que comprende la anamnesis y el examen físico. La anamnesis debe incluir el interrogatorio dirigido y detallado, y junto con el examen físico aportarán los datos necesarios para orientar hacia el diagnóstica, y sugerir si la fisiopatología es mediada o no por IgE, lo que es pertinente para la selección e interpretación de las pruebas específicas y establecer el diagnóstico certero, además de evaluar la posibilidad de distinguir entre los distintos diagnósticos diferenciales.La expresión de la alergia alimentaria está influenciada por factores de riesgo no modificables que incluyen sexo, raza y genética (familiares), y factores modificables: dermatitis atópica, deficiencia de vitamina D, dieta con alta cantidad de grasas poliinsaturadas y deficiente de antioxidantes, consumo de fármacos antiácidos, obesidad, aumento de la higiene, influencia de la microbiota, tiempo y vía de exposición de los alimentos (mayor riesgo al retrasar la ingestión oral de alérgenos y concomitante exposición ambiental de los mismos que conduce a sensibilización y alergia)

Increments in cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscle after injection of tissue-damaging toxins from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper.

Envenomations by the snake Bothrops asper are characterized by prominent local tissue damage (i.e. myonecrosis), blistering, hemorrhage and edema. Various phospholipases A2 and metalloproteinases that induce local pathological alterations have been purified from this venom. Since these toxins induce a conspicuous inflammatory response, it has been hypothesized that inflammatory mediators may contribute to the local pathological alterations described. This study evaluated the local production of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a consequence of intramuscular injections of an Asp-49 myotoxic phospholipase A2 (myotoxin III (MT-III)) and a P-I type hemorrhagic metalloproteinase (BaP1) isolated from B. asper venom. Both enzymes induced prominent tissue alterations and conspicuous increments in interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and a number of MMPs, especially gelatinase MMP-9, rapidly after injection. In contrast, no increments in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma were detected. In agreement, MT-III and BaP1 did not induce the synthesis of TNF-alpha by resident peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Despite the conspicuous expression of latent forms of MMPs in muscle, evidenced by zymography, there were no increments in activated MMP-2 and only a small increase in activated MMP-9, as detected by a functional enzymatic assay. This suggests that MMP activity was regulated by a highly controlled activation of latent forms and, probably, by a concomitant synthesis of MMP inhibitors. Since no hemorrhage nor dermonecrosis were observed after injection of MT-III, despite a prominent increase in MMP expression, and since inflammatory exudate did not enhance hemorrhage induced by BaP1, it is suggested that endogenous MMPs released in the tissue are not responsible for the dermonecrosis and hemorrhage characteristic of B. asper envenomation. Moreover, pretreatment of mice with the peptidomimetic MMP inhibitor batimastat did not reduce myotoxic nor edema-forming activities of MT-III, suggesting that MMPs do not play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of these effects in this experimental model. It is concluded that MT-III and BaP1 induce a local inflammatory response associated with the synthesis of IL-1beta, IL-6 and MMPs. MMPs do not seem to play a prominent role in the acute local pathological alterations induced by these toxins in this experimental model

Candidemia em hospital terciário brasileiro: distribuição das espécies e padrões de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos

Recent studies have shown differences in the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by Candida species worldwide. In the period comprising August 2002 to August 2003, we performed a study in Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, Brazil, to determine Candida species distribution associated with candidemia and their antifungal susceptibility profiles to amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole. Antifungal susceptibility was tested according to the broth microdilution method described in the NCCLS (M27A-2 method). Only one sample from each patient was analyzed (the first isolate). Most of the episodes had been caused by species other than C. albicans (51.6%), including C. parapsilosis (25.8%), C. tropicalis (13.3%), C. glabrata (3.3%), C. krusei (1.7%), and others (7.5%). Dose-dependent susceptibility to itraconazole was observed in 14.2% of strains, and dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole was found in 1.6%. Antifungal resistance was not found, probably related to low use of fluconazole. Further epidemiological surveillance is needed.Estudos realizados em diferentes países têm mostrado diferença na epidemiologia das infecções invasivas por Candida spp. No período de agosto de 2002 a agosto de 2003, foi conduzido estudo na Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, Porto Alegre, Brasil, para determinar a distribuição das espécies de Candida associadas a candidemia e o perfil de susceptibilidade das mesmas aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, fluconazol e itraconazol. Os testes de susceptibilidade foram realizados de acordo com a metodologia M27-A2 padronizada pelo NCCLS. Foi incluído no estudo o primeiro isolado de hemocultivo de cada paciente. A maioria dos episódios (51,6%) ocorreu por espécies outras que C. albicans, incluindo C. parapsilosis (25,8%), C. tropicalis (13,3%), C. glabrata (3,3%), C. krusei (1,7%) e outras espécies (7,5%). Não foi encontrada resistência aos antifúngicos testados, possivelmente devido ao baixo consumo de fluconazol na Instituição. Susceptibilidade dose-dependente ao itraconazol ocorreu em 14,2% e ao fluconazol 1,6%. Faz-se necessário monitoramento epidemiológico

The Role of Serum Biomarkers in Predicting Fibrosis Progression in Pediatric and Adult Hepatitis C Virus Chronic Infection

Liver biopsy represents the gold standard for damage evaluation, but noninvasive serum markers that mirror liver fibrosis progression are actual goals both in adults and especially in children. The aim was to determine specific serum markers that correlate with liver fibrosis progression during chronic HCV infection.Liver biopsies and concomitant serum samples from 22 pediatric and 22 adult HCV patients were analyzed. Histological parameters were evaluated. On serum TGF-ß1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotein inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1), hyaluronic acid (HA) and aminoterminal peptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) were tested. = 0.022) in adults. The AUROC of TIMP-1 in children to discriminate advanced fibrosis was 0.800 (95%IC 0.598–0.932). In adults, the best AUROCs were that of HA, PIIINP and TGF-ß1 [0.929 (IC95% 0.736–0.994), 0.894 (IC95% 0.689–0.984) and 0.835 (IC95% 0.617–0.957)], respectively. In children, according to the cut off (165.7 ng/mL) value for TIMP-1, biopsies could have been avoided in 72% (18/25). Considering the cut off for HA (109.7 ng/mL), PIIINP (9.1 µg/L), and TGF-ß1 (10,848.3 pg/mL), biopsies could have been avoided in 87% (19/22) of adult patients by using HA and 73% (16/22) using PIIINP or TGF-ß1.In adults given the diagnostic accuracy of HA, PIIINP, TGF-ß1, their combination may provide a potential useful tool to assess liver fibrosis. This first pediatric study suggests that TIMP-1 is clinically useful for predicting liver fibrosis in HCV patients

Compassion fatigue among nurses working on an adult emergency and urgent care unit

Objetivo avaliar o nível de fadiga por compaixão em enfermeiros e sua associação em função de características sociodemográficas/profissionais. Método estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, com 87 enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência e emergência de adultos, de um hospital universitário. Aplicaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico/profissional e a escala Professional Quality of Life Scale 5 . Para a análise dos dados, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados verificou-se que a satisfação por compaixão apresenta as médias mais elevadas, seguida do burnout e do estresse traumático secundário. Encontraram-se no nível elevado 51% dos enfermeiros na satisfação por compaixão, 54% no burnout e 59% no estresse traumático secundário. Os participantes com mais idade apresentaram médias superiores de satisfação por compaixão, enquanto os do sexo feminino, mais novos, com menos tempo de experiência profissional e que não tinham atividades de lazer evidenciaram média superior de estresse traumático secundário. Conclusão existe fadiga por compaixão expressa na grande percentagem de enfermeiros com elevados níveis de burnout e de estresse traumático secundário. A fadiga depende de fatores individuais como idade, sexo, experiência profissional e atividades de lazer. A pesquisa e a compreensão desse fenômeno permitem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção de saúde no trabalho

Coordinación interdisciplinar y Aprendizaje basado en problemas: Educación Superior

The aspect of the European Higher Education Area is the need to educate students using a multidisciplinary approach. The undergraduates should also acquire competencies that will be essential in their future profession. The interdisciplinary approach provides many benefits that develop into much needed lifelong, learning interdisciplinary coordination of two subjects of Degree for the achievement of the competencies and the skills of students. In this context, this work describes an educational constructivist, innovation consisting of interdisciplinary coordination between two subjects from the Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration and Management: Production Management and Business Statistics, using Problem-based learning (PBL). As secondary objectives we set out, to intend, to encourage the participation and implication of students through the proposals of real problems and motivators; to ensure that students have a global and integrating vision of the production and operations function and the possibilities of statistical techniques; to Improved communication between students and teachers, promoting teamwork and work together with some of the necessary skills in the degree. We ran the educational innovation project over three consecutive academic years, the results demonstrate that acquiring knowledge via interdisciplinary coordination is highly valued by students and also allows them to acquire competencies that will be essential in their future careers. It highlights the need for a policy maker to evaluate an interdisciplinary curriculum.El objetivo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior es la necesidad de educar a los estudiantes utilizando un enfoque multidisciplinario. Los estudiantes de grado también deben adquirir competencias que serán esenciales en su futura profesión. El enfoque interdisciplinar proporciona muchos beneficios que se convierten en habilidades de aprendizaje para toda la vida y que son esenciales para el aprendizaje futuro del estudiante. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar la coordinación interdisciplinaria de dos asignaturas de grado para el logro de las competencias y habilidades de los alumnos. En este contexto, este trabajo describe una innovación educativa constructivista, que consiste en la coordinación interdisciplinaria entre dos asignaturas de la Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas: Gestión de la Producción y Estadística Empresarial, utilizando el aprendizaje basado en problemas (PBL). Como objetivos secundarios nos propusimos fomentar la participación e implicación de los estudiantes a través de propuestas de problemas reales y motivadores; asegurar que los estudiantes tengan una visión global e integradora de la función de producción y técnicas estadísticas; mejorar la comunicación entre alumnos y docentes, promoviendo el trabajo en equipo y el trabajo conjunto. Ejecutamos el proyecto de innovación educativa durante tres años académicos consecutivos, los resultados demuestran que la adquisición de conocimiento a través de la coordinación interdisciplinar, que resulta muy valorada por los estudiantes y también les permite adquirir competencias que serán esenciales en sus futuras carreras profesionales. Destaca la necesidad de que un responsable de políticas educativas evalúe un plan de estudios interdisciplinar

Peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences among university students: a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the main substance abused during university and is associated with physical, legal, emotional, social, and cognitive consequences. The peer-led BASICS intervention has been shown to be effective in decreasing the quantity and frequency of drinking, the estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and the number of binge drinking episodes among this population.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of the peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce risky alcohol consumption among university students in the Spanish context.Materials and methodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial in a university in northern Spain including 308 first- and second-year university students recruited between October 2022 to March 2023. The intervention was a 30-min in-person peer-led motivational interview. Participants were assessed at baseline and 1-month postintervention. The primary outcome was the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption during a typical week. The intervention effect was verified using a mixed factorial ANOVA model.ResultsCompared with students in the control group, students who received the intervention reduced the number of drinks per week by 5.7 (95% CI 5.54, 5.86); the number of drinks consumed in a typical weekend by 5.2 (95% CI 5.07, 5.33); the number of drinks consumed on the occasion of greatest consumption by 4.9 (95% CI 4.78, 5.02); the number of binge drinking episodes by 1.4 (95% CI 1.37, 1.43); the peak BAC on a typical week and on the occasion of greatest consumption decreased by 0.06 (95% CI 0.058, 0.062) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.088, 0.092); the number of alcohol-related consequences by 5.8 (95% CI 5.67, 5.93); and the motivation to change their alcohol use increased by −0.8 (95% CI −0.85, −0.75).ConclusionThe peer-led BASICS intervention is effective in changing alcohol consumption and its related consequences among Spanish university students in the short term. The action of nursing students as counselors positively impacted drinking patterns among their peers.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05639374?intr=Effectiveness%20of%20a%20Peer-led%20Program%20to%20Prevent%20Alcohol%20Consumption&rank=1&page=1&limit=10, identifier: NCT05639374

Patrones espaciales asociados a la distribución de estadios inmaduros de Aedes aegypti en tres municipios de alto riesgo para el departamento del Cauca, Colombia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vector of human arbovirosis in tropical and subtropical areas.  Its adaptation to urban and rural environments generates infestations inside households. Therefore, entomological surveillance in association with spatio-temporal analysis is an innovative approach to vector control and dengue management. The main aim was to inspect immature pupal stages in households belonging to municipalities at high risk of dengue in Cauca, Colombia by implementing entomological indices and relating how they influence adult mosquito density. Here, we provide novel data for the geographical distribution of 3,806 immature pupal stages of Ae. aegypti. We also report entomological indices and spatial characterization. The results suggest that for Ae. aegypti species, pupal productivity generates high densities of adults in neighbouring households, evidencing seasonal behaviour. This dataset is of great importance as it provides an innovative strategy for vector-borne disease mitigation using vector spatial patterns and their association with entomological indicators and breeding sites in high-risk neighbourhoods.Los mosquitos Aedes aegypti son el principal vector de las arbovirosis humanas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Su adaptación a entornos urbanos y rurales genera infestaciones en el intradomicilio de las viviendas. De aquí que, la vigilancia entomológica en asociación con el análisis espacial y el análisis espacio-temporal sean un enfoque innovador para el control de vectores y la gestión del dengue.El objetivo principal de la investigación fue realizar una comparación de la vigilancia entomológica, mediante el uso de índices cuantitativos de pupas y de adultos en tres municipios de alto riesgo de dengue Patía (El Bordo), Miranda y Piamonte del departamento del Cauca, con el fin de examinar cómo influye la productividad de pupas, entre índices entomológicos, en la densidad de mosquitos adultos y otros patrones espaciales y temporales. Ae. aegypti , sus índices entomológicos y su caracterización espacial. Los resultados sugieren que, para las especies de Ae. aegypti , la productividad de pupas genera altas densidades de adultos en las viviendas vecinas, evidenciando un comportamiento estacional.Estos resultados son de gran importancia ya que proporciona una estrategia innovadora para la mitigación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores utilizando patrones espaciales de los vectores y su asociación con indicadores entomológicos y lugares de cría en barrios de alto riesgo para la transmisión del dengue