Enseñar y aprender didáctica de las ciencias sociales: la formación del profesorado desde una perspectiva sociocrítica

La Asociación Universitaria de Profesorado de Didáctica en las Ciencias Sociales (AUPDCS) mantiene viva su intención de contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento científico en el campo de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. Para alcanzar este objetivo, año tras año, la AUPDCS ha invitado a investigadores, formadores y profesores a colaborar en la publicación de un libro que reúne saberes, experiencias y reflexiones críticas sobre su trabajo, tanto en las universidades, como en los centros educativos de educación Infantil, Primaria o Secundaria. Enseñar y aprender Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales: la formación del profesorado desde una perspectiva sociocrítica es fruto de este trabajo; proponiéndose contribuir a la construcción de posibles respuestas a los desafíos que se plantean en la formación de profesores en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, teniendo en cuenta los cambios políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales a los que asistimos actualmente en el mundo en el que vivimos, tanto a escala local como global. Estamos ante un mundo de desafíos ilimitados, traducidos en las desigualdades sociales, en la diversidad cultural, en los conflictos locales y en los enfrentamientos regionales, en las amenazas nucleares y en la sostenibilidad de la vida en el Planeta, en los movimientos migratorios inter y transcontinentales y en el surgimiento de políticas de carácter populista y antidemocrático.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anatomical aspects and phytochemical potential of Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. (pequiá)/ Aspectos anatômicos e potencial fitoquímico de Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. (pequiá)

The knowledge of anatomical and phytochemical structures of many species has drawn the attention of researchers in several areas, because these species are characterized by the production of chemical compounds, mainly fixed and essential oils, which are of great industrial interest. The “pequiá” tree is a majestic tree from primary forest and represents huge economic potential. This work aimed to study the anatomical aspects, extraction and characterization of the fixed oil present in the fruit and the seed of Caryocar villosum. There were used fifty fruits of pequiá collected from the municipality of Tartarugalzinho (Amapá). The identification of species was made by comparison with exsiccates available in the Amapá Herbarium – HAMAB. For anatomical and phytochemical analyses, conventional methodology was used. The result in the macerate of the mesocarp corresponds to a yellow mass impregnated by lipids; in the endocarp there were registered trichomes which secret these lipids, forming an arc in all its extension. In the solvent-based phytochemical analyses of the mass of pericarp, mesocarp and fixed oil seed, favorable and satisfactory oil yields were obtained. The analyses of the acidity, saponification, ester and peroxide indexes are parameters that are related to the quality of the oil, therefore, the values obtained meet the Anvisa/2015 Resolution. It is thus concluded that the fixed oil obtained from the mesocarp/seed of C. villosum is indicated for alimentary purposes, with potential to reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, as well as in cosmetic industry. Therefore, anatomical analyses help phytochemical studies (CNPq/IEPA)

Simvastatin reduces circulating oxysterol levels in men with hypercholesterolemia

Oxysterols (OHC) are biologically active cholesterol metabolites circulating in plasma that may be formed enzymatically (e.g. 24S-OHC, 25S-OHC and 27-OHC) or by autoxidative mechanisms (e.g. 7-ketocholesterol, 7β-OHC and 25S-OHC). Oxysterols are more soluble than cholesterol and are reported to exert inflammatory, cytoprotective and apoptotic effects according to concentration and species. Esterified oxysterols have been analysed in people with dementia and cardiovascular diseases although there is no consistent relationship between oxysterol esters and disease. However, oxysterol esters are held in lipoprotein core and may not relate to the concentration and activity of plasma free oxysterols. Methodological limitations have challenged the analysis of free oxysterols to date. We have developed a fast, sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method to target five oxysterols in human plasma with analyte recoveries between 72-82 % and sensitivities between 5-135ng. A novel method was used to investigate the hypothesis that simvastatin may reduce the concentrations of specific plasma free oxysterols in hypercholesterolaemia. Twenty healthy male volunteers were recruited (aged 41-63 years); ten were asymptomatic with high plasma cholesterol >6.5mM and ten were healthy with normal plasma cholesterol (<6.5mM). Simvastatin (40mg/day) was prescribed to those with hypercholesterolaemia. Plasma samples were taken from both groups at baseline and after three months. Simvastatin reduced plasma cholesterol by ~35% (p<0.05) at the end of three months. Oxysterols generated by autoxidation but not enzymatically were elevated more than 100 fold in hypercholesterolaemic midlife men. Plasma oxysterols were restored to those of healthy controls after simvastatin intervention suggesting that autoxidation is either prevented by simvastatin directly or that autoxidation is less prevalent when plasma cholesterol concentrations are in the normal range

Blended Learning Methods in Specialization Graduate Courses Improve the Knowledge Gain Metric

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have been proven beneficial in teaching of health sciences courses. Combined e-learning strategies with face-to-face activities, among others, are defining characteristics of a new learning perspective called blended learning methods. The paucity of data to confirm the benefits of online forms of learning, in isolation or as a part of a blended learning method, indicates that more studies are still required to assess their influence on the teaching-learning process. This study measured knowledge gained using face-to-face (FtFA) and distance educational on virtual learning environments (DA-VLE) strategies in health sciences. For two consecutive years, FtFA and DA-VLE education strategies were used in a discipline of specialization graduate course, each discussing two topics. The knowledge gained using each strategy was assessed for each topic using a pre (PT) and post-test (PoT). The performance frequency (PF) of participants was categorized based on the number of correct answers in each assessed. The PF frequency increased between the PA and PoT in both strategies (FtFA and - DA-VLE), although higher scores were observed in DA-VLE strategies when compared to FtFA strategies. These data indicate that such strategies, within this context, are vital, and can bring benefits to the teaching-learning process in combination

Avaliação do Diagnóstico Laboratorial do Programa de Controle da Raiva Urbana no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil entre 2002-2011

Objective: Deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 60,000 per year worldwide. In Brazil U$60 million are spent on human rabies prevention annually, and 400,000 people receive health care, including 270,000 receive at least one dose of rabies vaccine. This study intended to evaluate the urban rabies conditions control in Rio de Janeiro by checking the animal rabies diagnosis. A survey between 2002 and 2011 was conducted; 5,540 samples were examined for virus rabies presence, and 2,388 (43.10$ 60 milhões com a prevenção da raiva humana anualmente e 400 mil pessoas são atendidas, das quais 270 mil recebem pelo menos uma dose de vacina contra a raiva. O presente estudo avaliou as condições de controle da raiva urbana no Rio de Janeiro, verificando o envio de amostras para diagnóstico. Foi realizado um levantamento entre 2002 e 2011 com 5.540 amostras recebidas para exame laboratorial, sendo 2.388 (43,10%) provenientes da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e cujas amostras eram: 50,78% de cães, 17,46% de gatos, 15,73% de morcegos e 16,03% de outros animais. O número de amostras analisadas foi inferior ao recomendado pela OMS. Apesar de se acreditar que a raiva está controlada, ainda existem muitas regiões que podem ser consideradas “regiões silenciosas” devido à falta de encaminhamento de amostras para o laboratório de vigilância epidemiológica, havendo necessidade de se adequar o percentual de amostras enviadas para o diagnóstico da raiva animal

Peer-Assisted Learning: A New Look at the Good Old Monitoring and Its Motivation from the Perspective of Student-Monitor

Peer-assisted learning (PAL), good old monitoring, has been used in medical schools and shown good results in professional development and in developing communication skills among students. This method provides mutual benefits for both monitors/near-peer teachers - NPT and monitored students; however, little is still known about the NPT’ perception about peer-assisted learning. To evaluate the real motivation of students to become NPT, and to investigate how NPT qualify their own teaching activities – such as productivity, performance and difficulties faced – seems to be a crucial step for implementing PAL in medical schools. The research instrument, a semi-structured questionnaire with 11 closed questions and 3 questions that allowed the answer “other” and further explanation, was answered by 26 medical students, NPT of basic disciplines. The results showed a positive effect of PAL on the teaching-learning process, and the real reasons of students to become NPT and the positive impacts of PAL on their academic life. The identification of these potential benefits should encourage medical schools to promote training so students can perform their role as NPT since PAL aids in the development of their clinical and pedagogical skills

Aplicativo de esquema tático para jogos de quadra

This article presents the development of a support application to thecourt for training to assist in strategies, movement and positioning of theteams in sports competitions. The main objective is to provide a tool easy touse, simple with the main features of a clipboard instructions used by teachersand technicians games

Atuação da equipe de enfermagem em UTI pediátrica: um enfoque na humanização

Objetivo: identificar a percepo da equipe de enfermagem de uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) peditrica quanto ao conhecimento e preparo necessrios para a atuao no setor. Material e Mtodo: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratria, abordagem quanti e qualitativa, realizada junto a 35 profissionais de enfermagem.Resultados e discusso: as questes envolvendo o uso de aparatos tecnolgicos para o cuidado foram citadas como itens de conhecimento prioritrios por grande parte dos profissionais (48,6%; 17 sujeitos). Nesse ambiente, na maioria das vezes, constatou-se que a tecnologia possui enfoque prioritrio como aliada na assistncia, deixando as dimenses humanas em segundo plano. Chamou a ateno o fato de 37,1% (13) profissionais citarem o processo de enfermagem e os cuidados com limpeza e assepsia como conhecimento prioritrio.Concluso: h preocupao dos sujeitos no somente com a organizao dos cuidados, mas tambm com a preveno de infeces hospitalares e com a assistncia holstica, visando melhorias na qualidade do cuidad

Nursing diagnoses for people hospitalized with heart failure: an integrative review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify in the literature the main nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA-I diagnostic classification for people hospitalized with heart failure. Methods: an integrative literature review, carried out in February 2019 and updated in July 2023, in the MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and CINAHL databases. Given the use of acronym PEO, studies without a time cut in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Descriptive analysis was carried out to present the identified information. Results: analysis of 27 articles identified 24 nursing diagnoses, with emphasis on Decreased Cardiac Output, Excessive Fluid Volume, Decreased Activity Tolerance and Fatigue. Final Considerations: evidence can contribute to better diagnostic decisions centered on people with heart failure in search of more assertive health results and have the potential to support future studies on a possible syndromic pattern in this population