Vulnerabilities in the Mental Health of University Students in the Period of Clinical Internship

Introdução: O período dos estágios dos cursos universitários da área de saúde é repleto de desafios, permeado por sentimentos ambivalentes, que se mal elaborados podem culminar em adoecimento físico e/ou mental. Objetivo: Investigar o nível de sintomatologia de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em universitários - estagiários da área de saúde. Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva e de caráter quantitativo. Amostra composta por estagiários de três cursos da área da saúde. Realizado em universidade pública localizada no interior paulista. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico e o Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Análise dos dados seguindo protocolo estabelecido pelo instrumento, cálculos de estatística descritiva e de associação. Resultados: Participaram 114 estagiários, com média de idade de 22 anos, sendo maioria do gênero feminino, solteiros, com religião, sedentários e praticavam atividades de lazer. Do total, 57,0% apresentaram sintomatologia de depressão, 60,5% ansiedade e 65,8% estresse, com níveis moderado e severo, portanto consideradas patológicas. Encontrada associação entre sexo feminino e sintomas de ansiedade, sintomas depressivos e falta de atividades físicas e de lazer. Conclusão: Necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e promoção da saúde mental no contexto universitário, estímulo ao desenvolvimento de fatores protetivos e estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse.Introducción: El período de pasantía de los cursos universitarios en el área de la salud está lleno de desafíos, impregnados de sentimientos ambivalentes que, si no se elaboran bien, pueden culminar en enfermedades físicas y/o mentales. Objetivo: Investigar el nivel de ansiedad, depresión y síntomas de estrés en estudiantes universitarios - internos de salud. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva y cuantitativa. Muestra compuesta por pasantes de tres cursos de salud. Se lleva a cabo en una universidad pública ubicada en el interior de São Paulo. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: el cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21). Análisis de datos siguiendo el protocolo establecido por el instrumento, cálculos de estadísticas descriptivas y de asociación. Resultados: Participaron 114 internos, con una edad promedio de 22 años, la mayoría mujeres, solteros, con religión, sedentarios y dedicados a actividades de ocio. Del total, 57.0% tenían síntomas de depresión, 60.5% de ansiedad y 65.8% de estrés, con niveles moderados y severos, por lo tanto considerados patológicos. Se encontró una asociación entre el género femenino y los síntomas de ansiedad, los síntomas depresivos y la falta de actividades físicas y de ocio. Conclusión: Necesidad de desarrollar acciones preventivas y promover la salud mental en el contexto universitario, fomentando el desarrollo de factores y estrategias de protección para enfrentar el estrés.Introduction: The internship period of university courses in the health area is full of challenges, permeated by ambivalent feelings, which, if poorly elaborated, can culminate in physical and / or mental illness. Objective: To investigate the level of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms in university students - health interns. Methodology: Descriptive and quantitative research. Sample made up of interns from three health courses. Held at a public university located in the interior of São Paulo. Two instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data analysis following the protocol established by the instrument, calculations of descriptive and association statistics. Results: Participated 114 interns, with an average age of 22 years old, most of them female, single, with religion, sedentary and engaged in leisure activities. Of the total, 57.0% had symptoms of depression, 60.5% anxiety and 65.8% stress, with moderate and severe levels, therefore considered pathological. An association was found between female sex and symptoms of anxiety, depressive symptoms and lack of physical and leisure activities. Conclusion: Need to develop preventive actions and promote mental health in the university context, encouraging the development of protective factors and strategies to cope with stress

The impact of Participatory Budgeting on health and wellbeing:A scoping review of evaluations

Background: Participatory budgeting (PB), citizens deliberating among themselves and with officials to decide how to allocate funds for public goods, has been increasingly implemented across Europe and worldwide. While PB is recommended as good practice by the World Bank and the United Nations, with potential to improve health and wellbeing, it is unclear what evaluations have been conducted on the impact of PB on health and wellbeing. Methods: For this scoping review, we searched 21 databases with no restrictions on publication date or language. The search term ‘participatory budget’ was used as the relevant global label for the intervention of interest. Studies were included if they reported original analysis of health, social, political, or economic and budgetary outcomes of PB. We examined the study design, analysis, outcomes and location of included articles. Findings are reported narratively. Results: From 1458 identified references, 37 studies were included. The majority of evaluations (n = 24) were of PB in South America, seven were in Europe. Most evaluations were case studies (n = 23) conducting ethnography and surveys, focussing on political outcomes such as participation in PB or impacts on political activities. All of the quantitative observational studies analysing population level data, except one in Russia, were conducted in South America. Conclusion: Despite increasing interest in PB, evaluations applying robust methods to analyse health and wellbeing outcomes are scarce, particularly beyond Brazil. Therefore, implementation of PB schemes should be accompanied by rigorous qualitative and quantitative evaluation to identify impacts and the processes by which they are realised

COVID-19 in Brazilian children and adolescents: findings from 21 hospitals / COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros: registros de 21 hospitais

Introdução: Crianças e adolescentes com Covid-19 apresentam menor mortalidade e sintomas menos intensos quando comparados aos adultos. Os estudos no Brasil baseiam-se apenas no sistema de notificação compulsória. Objetivo: Analisar as características clínicas, laboratoriais, radiológicas e desfechos de pacientes hospitalizados com menos de 20 anos de idade com Covid-19. Métodos: Série de casos de pacientes internados com Covid-19, confirmado, com idade inferior a 20 anos, obtida em estudo de coorte em 21 hospitais de cinco estados brasileiros. Resultados: Dos 36 pacientes, 20 (55,5%) eram adolescentes, 20 (55,5%) eram do sexo masculino, 18 (50,0%) apresentavam comorbidades, 2 estavam grávidas; e em 7 (19,4%) os sintomas iniciais ocorreram durante a internação por outras causas, dos quais 3 foram possivelmente infectados no hospital. Febre (61,1%), dispneia (33,3%) e sintomas neurológicos (33,0%) foram as queixas mais comuns. A proteína C reativa estava acima de 50mg / L em 16,7% e o dímero-D estava acima do limite de referência em 22,2%. Radiografias de tórax foram realizadas em 20 (55,5%) pacientes, 9 apresentavam anormalidades; e tomografias computadorizadas de tórax em 5. O tempo de internação variou de 1-40 dias (mediana 5 [intervalo interquartil 3-10]), 16 (44,4%) necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, 6 (16,7%) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e um paciente (2,8%) faleceu. Conclusão: Em uma amostra de pacientes menores de 20 anos, procedentes de hospitais de 5 estados do Brasil, as comorbidades foram frequentes e os sintomas mais comuns foram febre, dispneia e sintomas neurológicos. Quarenta e quatro por cento dos pacientes necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, mostrando que na amostra avaliada a doença não era tão leve quanto o esperado, e um paciente morreu. 

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Presbiterianos na periferia da zona sul da capital de São Paulo: análise crítica de sua atuação em uma comunidade carente

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que propõe uma análise crítica de dados, colhidos através de bibliografias, questionários e entrevista, verificando, por meio de um estudo de caso da Igreja Presbiteriana Nova Canaã, situada na região periférica do extremo sul da capital de São Paulo, a influência exercida pelo protestantismo na formação educacional de seus membros. Essa Igreja traz a marca protestante calvinista de que o conhecimento da doutrina cristã é fundamental para uma vida de fé eficaz em todos os segmentos da sociedade, particularmente na educação. Portanto, constata-se que orientar e estimular os fiéis no campo educacional tem sido uma marca fundamental da Igreja Presbiteriana Nova Canaã nos dias de hoje.The present thesis is the result of a research that proposes a critical analysis of information gathered through bibliographies, questionnaires and interview, using as case study the Igreja Presbiteriana Nova Canaã, located on the deep south of capital of São Paulo, the influence of Protestantism on educational formation of its members. That church brings the Protestant Calvinist ethos that the knowledge of Christian doctrine is fundamental for a life of efficacious faith in all segments of society, particularly in education. Therefore, one can see that to give orientation and stimulus to the church members in education is a fundamental characteristic of Igreja Presbiteriana Nova Canaã Church even today