Confirmatory factor analysis of the French version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale

The Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS), a measure specifically designed to assess hedonic capacity for social and interpersonal pleasure, was used to evaluate the presence of social anhedonia in patients as well as the general population. The first goal of this study was to validate the structure of the French version of the ACIPS. The second objective was to verify whether a one, two or three factor solution is most appropriate for the ACIPS scale. The French version of the ACIPS was tested on 263 French-speaking pre-graduate students or professional volunteers. For the confirmatory factor analysis, data were treated as categorical ordinal and all the models were estimated using a robust weighted least squares estimator with adjustments for the mean and variance. Three models were estimated. A one-factor model representing a general undifferentiated “pleasure” latent construct was first tested on the 17 ACIPS items. A two-factor model distinguishing anticipatory-pleasure and consummatory-pleasure was tested next. Finally, a three-factor model including intimate social interactions, group social interactions and social bonding was tested. The one and two-factor models showed a somewhat poor fit to the data. However, the goodness of fit of the three factor model was adequate. These results suggest that individuals who enjoyed interaction in one of these three sub domains were more likely to enjoy doing so in the two other domains. However, on the basis of the comparison between the one and three factor models, these three types interactions may not be considered as indistinguishable. Rather, they represent distinct and theoretically meaningful dimensions. These results show the French version of the ACIPS is a useful and valid scale to measure the capacity of savoring different kinds of social relationships

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in detention settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2018 Baggio, Fructuoso, Guimaraes, Fois, Golay, Heller, Perroud, Aubry, Young, Delessert, Gétaz, Tran and Wolff. Background: Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among people living in detention (PLD) corresponding to a five- to ten-fold increase compared to the general population. Our main study objective was to provide an updated ADHD prevalence rate for PLD, including PLD in psychiatric units. Sub-objectives included (i) comparing different ways of assessing ADHD, including DSM-5 criteria and (ii) identifying which types of PLD are more likely to have ADHD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines and the MOOSE checklist. PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Sciences were searched combining "ADHD" and "prison" keywords and synonyms for articles published between January 1, 1966 and January 2, 2018. Potential sources of variation to the meta-analytic ADHD prevalence rate were investigated using meta-regressions and subgroups analyses. Results: The meta-analysis pooled 102 original studies including 69,997 participants. The adult ADHD prevalence rate was 26.2% (95% confidence interval: 22.7-29.6). Retrospective assessments of ADHD in childhood were associated with an increased prevalence estimate (41.1, 95% confidence interval: 34.9-47.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence estimate between screenings and clinical interviews in adulthood. Only three studies used the DSM-5 definition of ADHD and results were non-significantly different with other DSM versions. We found no difference according to participants' characteristics. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the high prevalence rate of ADHD among PLD, corresponding to a five-fold increase compared to the general population. In light of such high ADHD prevalence, our results reinforce the importance of addressing this critical public health issue by (i) systematically offering ADHD screening and diagnosis to all individuals entering detention, and (ii) delivering treatment, monitoring, and care for ADHD during and after detention. These strategies may help reduce recidivism and reincarceration, as well as violence in detention settings, in addition to improving the health and wellbeing of people living in detention. Additionally, our study suggests that using screening scales may be a reliable way of assessing ADHD, although caution is needed because a complete evaluation by an experienced clinician is required to provide a formal diagnosis

3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial

Background: Liraglutide 3·0 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m2, or at least 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities, were randomised 2:1, using a telephone or web-based system, to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3·0 mg or matched placebo, as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Time to diabetes onset by 160 weeks was the primary outcome, evaluated in all randomised treated individuals with at least one post-baseline assessment. The trial was conducted at 191 clinical research sites in 27 countries and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01272219. Findings: The study ran between June 1, 2011, and March 2, 2015. We randomly assigned 2254 patients to receive liraglutide (n=1505) or placebo (n=749). 1128 (50%) participants completed the study up to week 160, after withdrawal of 714 (47%) participants in the liraglutide group and 412 (55%) participants in the placebo group. By week 160, 26 (2%) of 1472 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 46 (6%) of 738 in the placebo group were diagnosed with diabetes while on treatment. The mean time from randomisation to diagnosis was 99 (SD 47) weeks for the 26 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 87 (47) weeks for the 46 individuals in the placebo group. Taking the different diagnosis frequencies between the treatment groups into account, the time to onset of diabetes over 160 weeks among all randomised individuals was 2·7 times longer with liraglutide than with placebo (95% CI 1·9 to 3·9, p&lt;0·0001), corresponding with a hazard ratio of 0·21 (95% CI 0·13–0·34). Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (–6·1 [SD 7·3] vs −1·9% [6·3]; estimated treatment difference −4·3%, 95% CI −4·9 to −3·7, p&lt;0·0001). Serious adverse events were reported by 227 (15%) of 1501 randomised treated individuals in the liraglutide group versus 96 (13%) of 747 individuals in the placebo group. Interpretation: In this trial, we provide results for 3 years of treatment, with the limitation that withdrawn individuals were not followed up after discontinuation. Liraglutide 3·0 mg might provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of diabetes in individuals with obesity and prediabetes. Funding: Novo Nordisk, Denmark

An Emotion-Focused Approach Towards Improving Clinicians' Work-Related User Experience

Recent studies have associated clinician burnout with health information technology use. Researchers have attributed this negative impact of health information technology use on clinician well-being to poor system usability and insufficient clinician involvement in system design and implementation. Against this backdrop, this thesis first examined the discrete negative and positive emotions that clinicians experience at work in connection with health information technology use, and defined desirable user experience goals for health information technology design and implementation. Second, it identified different breakdowns in the communication between hospital nursing staff and information technology staff members. Data were collected through focus groups and interviews with registered nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, and information technology staff members working at or affiliated with a large Swedish hospital. The data were analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis. Hospital nursing staff and physicians were found to experience frustration, perplexity, anxiety, alienation, psychological and moral distress, joy, relief, relaxation, and confidence in connection with their work-related use of health information technology. On this basis, joy, relaxation, confidence, gratitude and pride were identified as desirable user experience goals for clinicians' work-related information technology use. Finally, breakdowns in the communication between hospital nursing staff and information technology staff members were found to include lack of user studies, low-level filtering of nursing staff's electronic error reports, unintelligible electronic error reports, and nursing staff not attending in-person training sessions and not checking information technology-related communications on the intranet. These findings contribute to the field of human─computer interaction by shedding light on information technology staff members' work and on clinicians' work-related user experience, and by defining user experience goals for clinicians' work-related information technology use. Health information technology designers and implementers can draw from these findings to foster clinician well-being through the design of health information technology systems and routines

An invisible burden : An experience-based approach to nurses' daily work life with healthcare information technology

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been an increasingly pervasive component of most workplaces throughout the past half century. In healthcare, the turn to the digital has resulted into the broad implementation of Healthcare Information Technology (HIT). The impacts of ICT on work life have been investigated predominantly through surveys, although some researchers have advocated for the use of a qualitative, experience-based approach. Meanwhile, the existing body of research on the impacts of HIT on clinicians has painted a mixed picture of digitalization. Despite some clear benefits, HIT has indeed been found to have unexpected, unintended adverse consequences for hospital staff. Typical issues include loss in efficiency, extra effort to carry out routine tasks, and the creation of new, HIT-induced work activities. Simultaneously, research outside of the healthcare domain has shown that ICT could require extra effort from some users in order for the sociotechnical system to function properly – extra work often invisible to developers. Based on observation, interview and focus group data collected at a large Swedish hospital, this thesis set out to investigate the impact of HIT on hospital nurses from an experience-based perspective, resulting in four main contributions. First, a method supporting experience-based data analysis, the HolisticUX method, is introduced. Second, 13 forms of HIT-induced additional tasks in nurses' workload are identified, five of which are not acknowledged in previous research. Third, task avoidance is identified as a consequence of nurses' increased workload, negatively affecting patient safety, care quality and nurses' professional satisfaction. Finally, four factors are argued to contribute to a suggested invisibility of the HIT-induced time burden in nurses' work life to management and developers: 1) lack of a holistic perspective, 2) the hidden cost of a single click, 3) the invisibility of nursing work, and 4) visible data, invisible work

An invisible burden : An experience-based approach to nurses' daily work life with healthcare information technology

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been an increasingly pervasive component of most workplaces throughout the past half century. In healthcare, the turn to the digital has resulted into the broad implementation of Healthcare Information Technology (HIT). The impacts of ICT on work life have been investigated predominantly through surveys, although some researchers have advocated for the use of a qualitative, experience-based approach. Meanwhile, the existing body of research on the impacts of HIT on clinicians has painted a mixed picture of digitalization. Despite some clear benefits, HIT has indeed been found to have unexpected, unintended adverse consequences for hospital staff. Typical issues include loss in efficiency, extra effort to carry out routine tasks, and the creation of new, HIT-induced work activities. Simultaneously, research outside of the healthcare domain has shown that ICT could require extra effort from some users in order for the sociotechnical system to function properly – extra work often invisible to developers. Based on observation, interview and focus group data collected at a large Swedish hospital, this thesis set out to investigate the impact of HIT on hospital nurses from an experience-based perspective, resulting in four main contributions. First, a method supporting experience-based data analysis, the HolisticUX method, is introduced. Second, 13 forms of HIT-induced additional tasks in nurses' workload are identified, five of which are not acknowledged in previous research. Third, task avoidance is identified as a consequence of nurses' increased workload, negatively affecting patient safety, care quality and nurses' professional satisfaction. Finally, four factors are argued to contribute to a suggested invisibility of the HIT-induced time burden in nurses' work life to management and developers: 1) lack of a holistic perspective, 2) the hidden cost of a single click, 3) the invisibility of nursing work, and 4) visible data, invisible work

An Emotion-Focused Approach Towards Improving Clinicians' Work-Related User Experience

Recent studies have associated clinician burnout with health information technology use. Researchers have attributed this negative impact of health information technology use on clinician well-being to poor system usability and insufficient clinician involvement in system design and implementation. Against this backdrop, this thesis first examined the discrete negative and positive emotions that clinicians experience at work in connection with health information technology use, and defined desirable user experience goals for health information technology design and implementation. Second, it identified different breakdowns in the communication between hospital nursing staff and information technology staff members. Data were collected through focus groups and interviews with registered nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, and information technology staff members working at or affiliated with a large Swedish hospital. The data were analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis. Hospital nursing staff and physicians were found to experience frustration, perplexity, anxiety, alienation, psychological and moral distress, joy, relief, relaxation, and confidence in connection with their work-related use of health information technology. On this basis, joy, relaxation, confidence, gratitude and pride were identified as desirable user experience goals for clinicians' work-related information technology use. Finally, breakdowns in the communication between hospital nursing staff and information technology staff members were found to include lack of user studies, low-level filtering of nursing staff's electronic error reports, unintelligible electronic error reports, and nursing staff not attending in-person training sessions and not checking information technology-related communications on the intranet. These findings contribute to the field of human─computer interaction by shedding light on information technology staff members' work and on clinicians' work-related user experience, and by defining user experience goals for clinicians' work-related information technology use. Health information technology designers and implementers can draw from these findings to foster clinician well-being through the design of health information technology systems and routines

Computerized data entry and display in trauma resuscitation : A case study

Trauma resuscitation, the initial management of a critically injured patient, still mostly relies on paper-based documentation. The aim of the current thesis is to design computerized tools fitted to the needs of the trauma resuscitation setting. Previous research has found that computerized support in the form of shared wall displays could make the trauma resuscitation work practice less error-prone and more efficient. However, the question as to how the data required by such screens could be collected has been rather neglected. As such, the focus of the current work lies on the development of design hypotheses of a mobile data entry system for real-time data entry and corresponding shared wall displays supporting team cognition in the trauma resuscitation setting. Those design hypotheses have been developed by means of a case study conducted at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to design a fully digital data entry system to support real-time documentation of trauma resuscitations as well as the first work to present a synthesis of the existing research on the design of shared wall displays in the trauma resuscitation setting

Computerized data entry and display in trauma resuscitation : A case study

Trauma resuscitation, the initial management of a critically injured patient, still mostly relies on paper-based documentation. The aim of the current thesis is to design computerized tools fitted to the needs of the trauma resuscitation setting. Previous research has found that computerized support in the form of shared wall displays could make the trauma resuscitation work practice less error-prone and more efficient. However, the question as to how the data required by such screens could be collected has been rather neglected. As such, the focus of the current work lies on the development of design hypotheses of a mobile data entry system for real-time data entry and corresponding shared wall displays supporting team cognition in the trauma resuscitation setting. Those design hypotheses have been developed by means of a case study conducted at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to design a fully digital data entry system to support real-time documentation of trauma resuscitations as well as the first work to present a synthesis of the existing research on the design of shared wall displays in the trauma resuscitation setting

Information systems in nurses' work : Technical rationality versus an ethic of care

Nurses increasingly interact with health information systems (HIS) in their daily work. This article examines how the problems that they confront in that interaction can be understood through the theoretical concepts of technical rationality and an ethic of care. The findings are based on a qualitative study of nurses in one Swedish hospital. They suggest that HIS did not support the holistic care of patients, and were not adapted to the varied and often urgent situations that nurses faced in their daily work, leaving them feeling isolated with their problems. In summary, HIS were found to serve the administrative aims of a hospital organisation, based on technical rationality, rather than supporting patients' needs as seen from an ethics of care perspective. The contribution of the study is to show how the use of these two conceptual tools connects nurses' daily problems with HIS to more fundamental issues about the values upon which healthcare is grounded