PUBLIC SPENDING AND REAL EXCHANGE RATE INSTABILITIES AND GROWTH IN AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA

The paper investigates the causes of Africa¡¯s poor growth performance. It therefore focuses on the strand of literature that highlights the role of policy instability and uses the dependent economy model as the main theoretical framework. Results from the empirical work indicate that public spending instability increases real exchange rate instability, which in turn exerts a negative impact on both investment and total factor productivity. Further, the empirical investigation suggests partially that real exchange rate appreciation contributes to the decline of sectors with important positive externalities, thereby leading to persistent productivity losses and weak economic growth.Africa, Economic Growth, Macroeconomic Policy, Panel Data

Capture of Tacit Knowledge through Storytelling

This project introduces storytelling as a mechanism to capture tacit knowledge believed to be an experience- based knowledge. Storytelling is a mechanism through which tacit knowledge is captured. This project provides a bridge and a platform that will allow the capture of tacit knowledge in a structured method. The objective of this project is to develop a knowledge management system that captures tacit knowledge using storytelling. Throughout this project we will attempts to capture, store, retrieve, and transfer and / or share knowledge within an entity

Buoyant Capital Spending and Worries over Real Appreciation: Cold Facts from Algeria

The Government of Algeria has pursed a relatively expansionary fiscal policy in recent years, thanks to rising oil prices and revenues. The paper explores the potential effects of such a stance on real exchange rate and uncovers a relatively small appreciating effect of increased government capital expenditure. This is explained by the fact that a significant share of capital spending falls into tradable imported goods. However, the envisaged increase in capital spending, if well designed and implemented, might in the long-run translate into rising operations and maintenance expenditure—mostly nontradable goods—thereby causing a higher real appreciation. This implies that Algeria should carefully consider the implications of its public investment program on recurrent expenditure.Government capital expenditure;real exchange rate;oil

Analyse thermodynamique avancée appliquée au design d'un procédé de fabrication de benzène

Description et spécifications du procédé de fabrication de benzène -- Approches utilisées pour la synthèse des procédés, description de l'approche proposée -- Analyse exergétique par la méthode de redistribution des charges -- Présentation de la superstructure de base, détermination des débits de matières premières et des paramètres de fonctionnement des procédés -- Construction et simulation de la superstructure à procédés concurrents -- Réduction de la superstructure par la méthode de redistribution des charges, détermination des utilités chaudes et froides pour le réseau d'échangeurs de chaleur -- Évaluation de l'approche par rapport à l'approche hiérarchique et l'approche mathématique

Traitement non chirurgical de l’hématome extradural : expérience du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel Toue, au Mali: Non-surgical treatment of intracranial epidural hematoma: experience of Gabriel Toue University hospital, Mali

Context and objective. Epidural hematoma (EM) has always been considered a neurosurgical emergency for which surgery was unavoidable. This dogmatic concept has recently been questioned by many authors who report a satisfactory result of non-surgical “conservative” treatment for this pathology. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and therapeutic features and to assess risk factors associated to EM. Methods. This was a retrospective study on the medical treatment of EM between December 2010 and November 2014 at Gabriel Toue hospital in Bamako. Parameters of interest were epidemiological, clinical and radiological. We used the Pearson chi-square test to look for a possible clinical correlation and to highlight factors related to failure of conservative treatment. Results. 79 patients were included with an average age of 38 years and a predominance of male sex (88.6%). The road accidents were the main mechanism of head trauma (73.4%) followed by physical assaults (12.7%). About 57% of patients had a Glasgow score of 15 initially. The clinical picture was dominated by headache (92.4%). Thirteen patients had intracranial-associated lesions that consisted of meningeal hemorrhage (3 cases) and oedemato-haemorrhagic contusion (10 cases), which was significantly associated with therapeutic failure (p=0.04). Six patients had been surgically treated for failure of conservative treatment.The evolution was satisfactory in 92.4%. None of our patients had neurological sequelae. Conclusion. EM remains a neurosurgical emergency; but surgery is not the only option for patients. Conservative treatment based on clinical and radiological criteria is an effective and less aggressive therapy for the patient. Contexte et objectif. L’hématome extradural a toujours été considéré comme une urgence neurochirurgicale pour laquelle une intervention chirurgicale était inéluctable. Ce concept dogmatique a été récemment remis en cause par de nombreux auteurs qui rapportent un résultat satisfaisant du traitement non chirurgical « conservateur » pour cette pathologie. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient de décrire les aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques et de rechercher les facteurs associés à l’échec du traitement conservateur. Méthodes. Dans une étude documentaire, tous les patients admis pour hématome extradural et traités médicalement, au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Gabriel Touré ; entre décembre 2010 et novembre 2014 ont été étudiés. Les paramètres d’intérêts étaient épidémiologiques, cliniques et radiologiques. Nous avons recouru au test de chi-carré de Pearson pour rechercher une corrélation clinique éventuelle et mettre en évidence les facteurs liés un échec du traitement conservateur. Résultats. 79 dossiers de patients avec hématome ont été colligés. Leur âge moyen était de 38 ans avec une prépondérance masculine (88,6%). Les accidents de la voie publique étaient le mécanisme principal du traumatisme crânien (73,4%) suivi par les agressions (12,7%). Environ 57% de patients avaient un score de Glasgow à 15 initialement. Le tableau clinique était dominé par des céphalées à 92,4%. Treize patients avaient présenté des lésions associées intracrâniennes à type d’hémorragie méningée (3 cas) et de contusion oedémato-hémorragique (10 cas) qui a été significativement associée à l’échec thérapeutique (p =0,04). Six patients (7,6%) avaient été traités chirurgicalement suite à un échec du traitement conservateur. L’évolution était satisfaisante dans 92,4 % des cas. Aucun de patients n’avait présenté de séquelles neurologiques. Conclusion. Le traitement conservateur de cette série basé sur des critères cliniques et radiologiques constitue une thérapeutique efficace et moins agressive pour certains patients. L’HED demeure certes une urgence neurochirurgicale ; mais la chirurgie n’est pas la seule option à proposer aux patients

Os conflitos “étnicos” na África

A África em geral, e alguns países em particular, naufragou em conflitos internos, dos quais as fontes principais são a terra e a água. Algumas ideias espalhadas sobre o continente africano devem ser postas em causa. O fato é que os conflitos que levam o rótulo étnico na África quase não têm nada de étnico. São lutas para conquistar ou conservar o poder, se necessário for por todos os meios

Pour un enseignement d'éducation à l'environnement et au développement durable au collège en Guinée-Conakry

Après avoir montré le contexte environnemental de la Guinée, nous présentons les principes théoriques d’un projet d’éducation à l’environnement s’inscrivant dans la marge disponible d’un enseignement de chimie en collège. Il s’agit de faire revisiter par des élèves de 13-16 ans, des pratiques de professionnels qu’ils côtoient et qui ont un lien avec les problèmes cruciaux d’environnement (la déforestation, la gestion de l’eau, le traitement des déchets), en impliquant ces professionnels dans un partenariat avec les enseignants. Des entretiens avec des enseignants et des professionnels permettent de jauger la faisabilité du projet et de repérer les savoirs d’action respectueux de l’environnement mais aussi les contraintes qui conduisent à des pratiques discutables qu’il faudrait faire évoluer. Quelques ébauches de propositions sont ensuite présentées pour cadrer des rencontres entre les élèves et les professionnels choisis

Renascimento africano e desenvolvimento

The African chiefs of State, after the transformation of the Organization of the African Unity in African Union, proposed the New Partnership for the Development of Africa (NEPAD), like an area for a new relation of partnership between Africa and the international community. In this sense of new partnership, the African leaders got involved in promoting in his countries, in his region and in the continent, the peace, the security, the democracy, the good government, the respect of the human rights and a healthy economical management, like a strategy to orientate the development of Africa in the century XXI. The NEPAD caused a positive reaction in the international community.The NEPAD rests on bases of lasting development in the continent, without which they become impossible concrete results. Between these bases we have: the democracy, the good government, the economical government and the government of the enterprises. To reach the objective, the NEPAD proposes institutional reforms like the use of ways of evaluation that allow to set the good government up definitely in the structures of the State.Os chefes de Estado africanos, após a transformação da Organização da Unidade Africana em União Africana, propuseram a Nova Parceria para o Desenvolvimento da África (NEPAD), como um quadro para uma nova relação de parceria entre a África e a comunidade internacional. Neste sentido de nova parceria, os dirigentes africanos se engajaram em promover nos seus países, na sua região e no continente, a paz, a segurança, a democracia, a boa governança, o respeito dos direitos humanos e uma saudável gestão econômica, como uma estratégia para orientar o desenvolvimento da África no século XXI. A NEPAD suscitou uma reação positiva na comunidade internacional.A NEPAD repousa sobre fundamentos de desenvolvimento duradouro no continente, sem os quais tornam-se impossíveis resultados concretos. Entre esses fundamentos podemos citar: a democracia, a boa governança, a governança econômica e a governança das empresas. Para alcançar o objetivo, a NEPAD propõe reformas institucionais como a utilização de meios de avaliação que permitem instaurar definitivamente a boa governança nas estruturas do Estado.Palavras-chave: NEPAD – Desenvolvimento – Boa governança – Direitos Fundamentais