Productivity of transhumant Fulani cattle in the inner Niger Delta of Mali

Evaluates the productivity of transhumant Fulani cattle in the inner Niger delta of Mali. Summarises the results of the animal productivity study extending from December 1978 - March 1983, which indicated high calf mortality, low reproductive performance and moderate milk production. Identifies constraints limiting the productivity of Sudanese Fulani cattle and suggests interventions aimed at eliminating or ameliorating these constraint

Facteurs de risque, épidémiologie et prise en charge de la grossesse extra-utérine rompue (GEUR) au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry en 2022

Introduction : urgence gynécologique fréquente, découverte fortuite aux urgences médicales et ou chirurgicales dans un tableau d’anémie. L’objectif de cette étude était d’étudier les facteurs de risque, épidémiologie, et prise en charge de la grossesse extra-utérine rompue au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry en 2022. Méthodes : il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale à recrutement rétrospectif. Elle a été menée au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry du 1er janvier  2019 au 31 Décembre 2022 soit une période de trois ans. Ont été étudiées les variables se rapportant aux facteurs de risque, épidémiologie, et la prise en charge de la GEUR dans notre contexte de travail. Nous avons utilisé le logiciel Excel pour l’analyse des données.    Résultats : fréquence de la GEUR dans notre étude était 1,26 % sur l’ensemble des interventions gynécologiques, les tranches d’âge les plus représentées étaient celles de 20-24 ans et 30-34 ans de 32,69%, plus de la moitié était célibataire 69,23%, sans profession, non scolarisé respectivement 64,23% et 42,31%, primipares dans 49,04%.  Parmi les facteurs de risque (FDR) retrouvés dans notre série, figuraient antécédent de :  l’infection génitale 46,15%, fausses couches spontanées 10,58%, la contraception par microprogestatif 16,34%. La prise en charge a été exclusivement chirurgicale (100%), associée à la transfusion sanguine comme moyen de réanimation dans 95,16%. Conclusion : la grossesse extra-utérine rompue est une urgence médicochirurgicale fréquente, le diagnostic précoce traine les pas dans les pays à faibles ressources.    Introduction : a frequent gynecological emergency, discovered incidentally in medical and/or surgical emergencies in the setting of anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and management of ectopic pregnancy in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital of Conakry University Hospital in 2022. Methods : This was a descriptive study with retrospective recruitment. It was conducted at the gynecology and obstetrics department of the CHU Ignace Deen national hospital in Conakry from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022, a three-year period. Variables relating to risk factors, epidemiology and management of GEUR in our working context were studied. We used Excel software for data analysis. Results : The frequency of GEUR in our study was 1.26% of all gynaecological procedures, the most represented age groups were 20-24 and 30-34 years with 32.69%, more than half were single 69.23%, without profession, not in school respectively 64.23% and 42.31%, primiparous in 49.04%.  Among the risk factors found in our series were a history of : genital infection 46,15%, spontaneous miscarriage 10.58%, microprogestogen contraception 16.34%. Management was exclusively surgical (100%), associated with blood transfusion as a means of resuscitation in 95.16% Conclusion : Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a frequent medico-surgical emergency, early diagnosis is lagging behind in low-resource countries

Facteurs de risque, épidémiologie et prise en charge de la grossesse extra-utérine rompue (GEUR) au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry en 2022

Introduction : urgence gynécologique fréquente, découverte fortuite aux urgences médicales et ou chirurgicales dans un tableau d’anémie. L’objectif de cette étude était d’étudier les facteurs de risque, épidémiologie, et prise en charge de la grossesse extra-utérine rompue au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry en 2022. Méthodes : il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale à recrutement rétrospectif. Elle a été menée au service de gynécologie et d’obstétrique de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry du 1er janvier  2019 au 31 Décembre 2022 soit une période de trois ans. Ont été étudiées les variables se rapportant aux facteurs de risque, épidémiologie, et la prise en charge de la GEUR dans notre contexte de travail. Nous avons utilisé le logiciel Excel pour l’analyse des données.    Résultats : fréquence de la GEUR dans notre étude était 1,26 % sur l’ensemble des interventions gynécologiques, les tranches d’âge les plus représentées étaient celles de 20-24 ans et 30-34 ans de 32,69%, plus de la moitié était célibataire 69,23%, sans profession, non scolarisé respectivement 64,23% et 42,31%, primipares dans 49,04%.  Parmi les facteurs de risque (FDR) retrouvés dans notre série, figuraient antécédent de :  l’infection génitale 46,15%, fausses couches spontanées 10,58%, la contraception par microprogestatif 16,34%. La prise en charge a été exclusivement chirurgicale (100%), associée à la transfusion sanguine comme moyen de réanimation dans 95,16%. Conclusion : la grossesse extra-utérine rompue est une urgence médicochirurgicale fréquente, le diagnostic précoce traine les pas dans les pays à faibles ressources.    Introduction : a frequent gynecological emergency, discovered incidentally in medical and/or surgical emergencies in the setting of anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and management of ectopic pregnancy in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital of Conakry University Hospital in 2022. Methods : This was a descriptive study with retrospective recruitment. It was conducted at the gynecology and obstetrics department of the CHU Ignace Deen national hospital in Conakry from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022, a three-year period. Variables relating to risk factors, epidemiology and management of GEUR in our working context were studied. We used Excel software for data analysis. Results : The frequency of GEUR in our study was 1.26% of all gynaecological procedures, the most represented age groups were 20-24 and 30-34 years with 32.69%, more than half were single 69.23%, without profession, not in school respectively 64.23% and 42.31%, primiparous in 49.04%.  Among the risk factors found in our series were a history of : genital infection 46,15%, spontaneous miscarriage 10.58%, microprogestogen contraception 16.34%. Management was exclusively surgical (100%), associated with blood transfusion as a means of resuscitation in 95.16% Conclusion : Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a frequent medico-surgical emergency, early diagnosis is lagging behind in low-resource countries

Aqueous Methanol Extracts of Cochlospermum tinctorium (A. Rich) Possess Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities

Cochlopermum tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant in the West Africa sub-region for the management of various conditions including pain and inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we report the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous methanol leaf (20–80 mg/kg), root (7.5–30 mg/kg), and root bark (20–80 mg/kg) extracts of the plant. The analgesic potentials of the extracts were studied using acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice while the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.The extracts significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. However, the highest protection against writhing was produced by aqueous methanol leaf extract at the dose of 80 mg/kg (96.65%) which even was greater than that of the standard agent, ketoprofen (82.30%). The extracts did not significantly increase mean latency of response in the hot plate test. However, aqueous methanol root bark extract at the dose of 20 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) increased the mean latency of pain response. While the extracts of the root and root bark extracts of the plant afforded non dose-dependent protection against carrageenan-induced edema, the aqueous methanol leaf extract significantly and dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema at the end of the third hour.The present study suggests that the aqueous methanol leaf, root, and root bark extracts of Cochlopermum tinctorium possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities which lend some credence to the ethnomedical claim of the use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions

Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980�2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehensively assess these trends for under-5 mortality, age-specific and cause-specific mortality among children under 5 years, and stillbirths by geography over time. Methods Drawing from analytical approaches developed and refined in previous iterations of the GBD study, we generated updated estimates of child mortality by age group (neonatal, post-neonatal, ages 1�4 years, and under 5) for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational geographies, from 1980�2015. We also estimated numbers and rates of stillbirths for these geographies and years. Gaussian process regression with data source adjustments for sampling and non-sampling bias was applied to synthesise input data for under-5 mortality for each geography. Age-specific mortality estimates were generated through a two-stage age�sex splitting process, and stillbirth estimates were produced with a mixed-effects model, which accounted for variable stillbirth definitions and data source-specific biases. For GBD 2015, we did a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in child mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and annualised rates of decrease for under-5 mortality and stillbirths as they related to the Soci-demographic Index (SDI). Second, we examined the ratio of recorded and expected levels of child mortality, on the basis of SDI, across geographies, as well as differences in recorded and expected annualised rates of change for under-5 mortality. Third, we analysed levels and cause compositions of under-5 mortality, across time and geographies, as they related to rising SDI. Finally, we decomposed the changes in under-5 mortality to changes in SDI at the global level, as well as changes in leading causes of under-5 deaths for countries and territories. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 child mortality estimation process, as well as data sources, in accordance with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, 5·8 million (95 uncertainty interval UI 5·7�6·0) children younger than 5 years died in 2015, representing a 52·0% (95% UI 50·7�53·3) decrease in the number of under-5 deaths since 1990. Neonatal deaths and stillbirths fell at a slower pace since 1990, decreasing by 42·4% (41·3�43·6) to 2·6 million (2·6�2·7) neonatal deaths and 47·0% (35·1�57·0) to 2·1 million (1·8-2·5) stillbirths in 2015. Between 1990 and 2015, global under-5 mortality decreased at an annualised rate of decrease of 3·0% (2·6�3·3), falling short of the 4·4% annualised rate of decrease required to achieve MDG4. During this time, 58 countries met or exceeded the pace of progress required to meet MDG4. Between 2000, the year MDG4 was formally enacted, and 2015, 28 additional countries that did not achieve the 4·4% rate of decrease from 1990 met the MDG4 pace of decrease. However, absolute levels of under-5 mortality remained high in many countries, with 11 countries still recording rates exceeding 100 per 1000 livebirths in 2015. Marked decreases in under-5 deaths due to a number of communicable diseases, including lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, measles, and malaria, accounted for much of the progress in lowering overall under-5 mortality in low-income countries. Compared with gains achieved for infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies, the persisting toll of neonatal conditions and congenital anomalies on child survival became evident, especially in low-income and low-middle-income countries. We found sizeable heterogeneities in comparing observed and expected rates of under-5 mortality, as well as differences in observed and expected rates of change for under-5 mortality. At the global level, we recorded a divergence in observed and expected levels of under-5 mortality starting in 2000, with the observed trend falling much faster than what was expected based on SDI through 2015. Between 2000 and 2015, the world recorded 10·3 million fewer under-5 deaths than expected on the basis of improving SDI alone. Interpretation Gains in child survival have been large, widespread, and in many places in the world, faster than what was anticipated based on improving levels of development. Yet some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, still had high rates of under-5 mortality in 2015. Unless these countries are able to accelerate reductions in child deaths at an extraordinary pace, their achievement of proposed SDG targets is unlikely. Improving the evidence base on drivers that might hasten the pace of progress for child survival, ranging from cost-effective intervention packages to innovative financing mechanisms, is vital to charting the pathways for ultimately ending preventable child deaths by 2030. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license

Activites de recherche du CIPEA/Mali en 1984-1985 et programme en cours

Presentation des resultats de recherches effectuees par le CIPEA dans la zone centrale du Mali et portant sur les techniques d'amelioration de la gestion des parcours, la rotation et l'association mil niebe, l'introduction de legumineuses en zones semi-arides, la productivite des bovins du systeme pastoral, l'approvisionnement en viande de mouton de la ville de Niono, la situation sanitaire des troupeaux, la diffusion de varietes de niebe, la supplementation des boeufs de labour, ainsi que sur un test de reconnaissance rapide dans le Gourma et la zone de Niono