Review: Microbial degradation of toluene

Zephirus environment is polluted by the toluene from profuse range industries. In spite of positive potential application, toluene results in many mishaps especially health hazards; hence amputation of toluene is crucial for human welfare as well as environmental issues. This review deals with destruction of toluene using microbial degradation. The overall aerobic biodegradation of toluene into carbon dioxide, water and biomass by bacteria, fungi and mixed culture has been studied comprehensively. Biodegradation technique has a promising prospective for the reason that it results in effective and economical treatment than traditional techniques. The amputation of toluene contributes to an assortment of various techniques utilized at various levels of investigation which are characterized based on quantification techniques. A comparison of the removal capacity based on continuous and batch mode of operations was studied proficiently. This methodology opens up a window for future exploration in field of biodegradation of toluene.Key words: Toluene, biodegradation, microorganism, health hazards, bioreactor

Extracting Fetal ECG from a Single Maternal Abdominal Record

This work presents the variations of photoplethysmogram (ECG) morphology with age. ECG measurement is done noninvasively at the index finger on both right and left hands for a sample of erectile dysfunction (ED) subjects. Some parameters are derived from the analysis of ECG contour showed in association with age. The age is found to be an important factor that affects the contour of ECG signals which accelerates the disappearance of ECG’s dicrotic notch and ECG’s inflection point as well. Arterial compliance is found to be degraded with age due to the fall of arterial elasticity. This study approaches the establishment of usefulness of ECG’s contour analysis as an investigator to the changes in the elastic properties of the vascular system, and as a detector of early sub-clinical atherosclerosis

Breathing straws

Following nasal, septal or endoscopic surgery, it is common practice to insert nasal packs in both nasal cavities to achieve haemostasis, if there has been any bleeding at the end of the procedure. However, such packs make it difficult for patients to breathe, mainly in the first post-operative night which leads to discomfort and poor sleep. To enable patients to breathe better with nasal packs in situ, we describe a simple technique using trimmed straws and wrapped Netcell® packs for post-operative care following septal surgery, rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery. These packs also assist suction of any blood or mucous from the post-nasal spac

Comparative prospective randomized open label trial of synbiotic (bifilac) as an add on therapy with standard treatment in patients with aphthous ulcer

Background: To trial the safety, efficacy and rapidity of response to a lozenges containing synbiotic in patients with minor aphthous ulcer.Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled for the trial after obtaining IEC approval and randomly allocated into two groups. Control “Group A” was administered with conventional treatment i.e., zytee and B complex for 2 weeks and trial “Group B” was administered with Bifilac along with conventional treatment for 2 weeks. The results of this trial were analyzed both subjectively and objectively.Results: Comparing with control group, where standard treatment was used with analgesics and B-complex, the trial group showed a quick relief of pain and helped in reducing mean size of ulcer.Conclusions: This trial was done with synbiotic lozenges in minor aphthous ulcers and it proved to be better alternative for them. Moreover, synbiotics have no adverse effects

Modeling and Control of Negative output Triple-Lift Luo Converter Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

The voltage lift technique is a popular method widely applied in electronic circuit design. Since the effect of parasitic elements limits the output voltage and power transfer efficiency of DC-DC converters, the voltage lift technique improve circuit characteristics. This technique has been successfully applied for DC-DC converters resulting Luo converters.nbsp Negative output Triple-Lift Luo converters are another series of new DC-DC step-up (boost) converters, which were developed from elementary Luo converter using the voltage lift technique. Triple lift LUO circuit is derived from negative output elementary Luo converter by adding the lift circuit three times. These converters perform positive to negative DC-DC voltage-increasing conversion with high power density, high efficiency and cheap topology in simple structure. Since the power electronic converters become very complex, soft computing techniques are proper choice for controlling these systems. The classical control methods employed to design the controllers for Luo converters depend on the operating point so that it is very difficult to select control parameters because of the presence of parasitic elements, time varying loads and variable supply voltages. Conventional controllers require a good knowledge of the system and accurate tuning in order to obtain the desired performances. A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) which is one of the soft computing technique has been developed for the control of Triple-Lift converter to achievenbsp good dynamic performances i.e. minimum value of rise time, settling time and peak overshoot in the presence of input voltage variations and load changes and invariant dynamic performance in the presence of varying operating conditions. The proposed technique is evaluated on a Luo converter under different operating conditions by using MATLAB - SIMULINK software. The results are presented and analysed

Am J Prev Med

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2017-02-19T00:00:00Z26456878PMC531651

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study

Introduction. Switchingfrom polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal)to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions.While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse community settings, is not well understood. Methods.We examined longitudinal survey data from 24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a median of 10 years offollow up (∼2005–2015).We used hierarchical logistic regression models to examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households(12 369)reported changing their primary cookingfuels between baseline andfollow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582) switchedfrom polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene)to clean (gas, electricity)fuels, 26% (3109)switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164)switched from clean to polluting fuels and 3% (522)switched between different clean fuels