25 research outputs found
Novos materiais à base de niobato de bismuto para armazenamento de energia elétrica
O desenvolvimento de novos materiais, que permitam a redução das dimensĂ”es de componentes eletrĂłnicos, tem sido objeto de investigação. Os cerĂąmicos dielĂ©tricos Ă base de bismuto tĂȘm sido extensivamente estudados com este objetivo, em particular o niobato de bismuto (BiNbO4). A primeira tentativa de melhorar as propriedades elĂ©tricas do BiNbO4 ocorreu em 1992, com a adição de Ăłxidos. Este trabalho consiste na melhoria das propriedades dos cerĂąmicos de niobato de bismuto, usando a substituição de iĂ”es de bismuto por iĂ”es ferro e eurĂłpio.
Para investigar a inclusão de ferro e európio em cerùmicos de BiNbO4, (Bi1-xFex)NbO4 e (Bi1-yEuy)NbO4, as amostras foram preparadas utilizando o método sol-gel. Como a substituição dos iÔes de bismuto por iÔes de ferro foi bem sucedida, compósitos de BiNbO4-FeNbO4 foram preparados pelo método de reação do estado sólido, usando como precursores o BiNbO4 e o FeNbO4 produzidos pelo método sol-gel.
A estrutura das amostras preparadas foi estudada por difração de raios X e espectroscopia de Raman e a morfologia por microscopia eletrĂłnica de varrimento. As propriedades dielĂ©tricas foram estudadas, na gama das micro-ondas, utilizando o mĂ©todo da cavidade ressonante, e na gama da radiofrequĂȘncias, com a tĂ©cnica de espectroscopia de impedĂąncia.
Ă frequĂȘncia de 100 kHz, a amostra que apresenta as propriedades dielĂ©tricas mais promissoras pertence ao sistema (Bi1-xFex)NbO4, com x = 0.25, tratada termicamente a 1100 °C, que apresenta os valores de 166, 0.37 e 0.0022 para a constante dielĂ©trica, perdas dielĂ©tricas e tangente de perdas, respetivamente. Ă frequĂȘncia de 2.7 GHz, Ă© a amostra de BiNbO4, sem qualquer substituição, tratada termicamente a 650 °C, que apresenta as propriedades dielĂ©tricas mais vantajosas, com os valores de 5, 0.01 e 0.002 para a constante dielĂ©trica, perdas dielĂ©tricas e tangente de perdas, respetivamente. Apesar dos valores da constante dielĂ©trica nĂŁo serem particularmente elevados, salienta-se o facto das perdas dielĂ©tricas manterem valores bastante reduzidos.The development of new materials, that allow the reduction of size of electronic components, has been in the scope of the researchers. The bismuth-based dielectric ceramics are extensively studied for this propose, in particular the bismuth niobate (BiNbO4). The first attempt to improve the electric properties of BiNbO4 occurred in 1992, with the addition of oxides. This work focus in the improvement of bismuth niobate ceramics using the substitution of bismuth ions by iron and europium ions.
To investigate the inclusion of iron and europium in BiNbO4 ceramics, (Bi1-xFex)NbO4 and (Bi1-yEuy)NbO4, samples were prepared using the sol-gel method. Since the substitution of bismuth ions by iron ions was successful, composites of BiNbO4-FeNbO4 were prepared by the solid state reaction method, using as precursors the BiNbO4 and FeNbO4 produced by the sol-gel method.
The structure of the prepared samples was studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric properties were studied, in the microwave frequency range, using the resonant cavity method, and in the radio frequency range, with the impedance spectroscopy technique.
At the frequency of 100 kHz, the sample with the most promising dielectric properties belongs to the system (Bi1-xFex)NbO4, with x = 0.25, thermally treated at 1100 °C, which has the values of 166, 0.37 and 0.0022 for the dielectric constant, dielectric losses and loss tangent, respectively. At the frequency of 2.7 GHz, it is the sample of BiNbO4, without any substitution, thermally treated at 650 °C, which presents the most advantageous dielectric properties, with values of 5, 0.01 and 0.002 for the dielectric constant, dielectric losses and loss tangent, respectively. Although the values of the dielectric constant are not particularly high, it should be noted that the dielectric losses remain very low.Programa Doutoral em Engenharia FĂsic
Propriedades elĂ©ctricas de polĂmeros para aplicaçÔes industriais na banda das microondas
Mestrado em FĂsica AplicadaO presente trabalho pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma
metodologia a adoptar, no sentido de resolver um problema concreto no
Ăąmbito da optimização das propriedades elĂ©ctricas de polĂmeros para
aplicaçÔes na banda das microondas.
Foram testados vĂĄrios polĂmeros (ABS, PBT e PP) com diferentes
concentraçÔes de cargas condutoras de ânegro de fumoâ.
Pretende-se moldar as propriedades eléctricas daqueles materiais de modo a
obter um valor mais elevado de Δâ, sem aumentar demasiadamente Δââ. Com
estas caracterĂsticas podem ser aplicados como absorventes de radiação
electromagnética nos fornos de microondas e como lentes em antenas
dieléctricas.
ConstruĂram-se e testaram-se vĂĄrias cavidades ressonantes, onde foram
efectuadas medidas de transmissão. Utilizando o método das pequenas
perturbaçÔes, calcularam-se os valores da permitividade complexa dos vårios
materiais.
Aplicaram-se diferentes leis de mistura para modelar os resultados
experimentais obtidos.
Finalmente, concluiu-se que o politereftalato de butileno (PBT) com 2 % de
cargas de ânegro de fumoâ Ă© o material adequado para aquelas aplicaçÔes.The present work is a contribution to the development of a methodology to
optimize the electrical properties of polymers for applications at microwave
frequencies.
Several polymers (ABS, PBT, PP) were studied, with different concentrations of
conducting charges of carbon black.
We pretended to tune the electrical properties of the materials, in order to
enhance Δâ, without increasing Δââ too much. With these characteristics they can
be used as electromagnetic radiation absorbers in microwave ovens as well as
dielectric lenses in antennas.
We have designed and tested several resonant cavities, where we made the
transmition measurements. Using the small perturbation method, we calculated
the complex permittivity of the materials.
We used different mixture laws to fit the experimental results.
Finally, we concluded that PBT with 2 % of carbon black particles is the
adequate material for these kind of applications
Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Ceramics
The development of new dielectric materials that allow the reduction of size and weight of electronic components has been in the scope of the researchers. The bismuth-based dielectric ceramics are extensively studied for this purpose, namely, the bismuth niobate (BiNbO4). The first attempt to improve BiNbO4 occurred in 1992 when Kagata reported the microwave dielectric properties of bismuth niobate doped with the addition of oxides. This chapter will present a brief review of the several attempts that have been carried out to enhance the dielectric properties of BiNbO4 by modifying their structure through addition, doping, or atom(s) substitution. This manuscript focuses on a case study that involves bismuth substitution by europium ions. To investigate the inclusion of europium in BiNbO4 ceramics, (Bi1âxEux)NbO4 samples were prepared using the sol-gel method, in particular, the citrate route. The structure of the prepared samples was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric properties were studied, in the microwave frequency range (MW), using the resonant cavity method, and in the radio frequency range (RF), with the impedance spectroscopy technique
SuplementaciĂłn de vacas de crĂa
Una amplia regiĂłn del Noroeste rionegrino y Sudoeste pampeano se encuentra con estados muy degradados de sus pastizales naturales, por lo cual su oferta forrajera es escasa a nula (Figura 1).Si bien a la fecha los/as productores/as ante la limitante de pasto han tomado varias de las medidas recomendadas, como por ejemplo, el destete, la clasificaciĂłn de los vientres en producciĂłn (por tacto y boqueo) y disminuciĂłn de la carga animal, en algunos casos resultarĂĄn insuficientes para el mantenimiento de las vacas de crĂas que aĂșn deben superar el invierno con una mala condiciĂłn corporal (Figura 2). Ante la situaciĂłn desde las Agencias de ExtensiĂłn Rural de RĂo Colorado,GuatrachĂ© y General Acha brindamos algunas recomendaciones y orientaciones para la suplementaciĂłn de las vacas de crĂa, entendiendo que en cada campo se pueden presentar condiciones particulares y que no hay recomendaciones que se ajunten a todas las situaciones.EEA Alto ValleFil: Devesa, Antonia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle. Agencia de ExtensiĂłn Rural RĂo Colorado; ArgentinaFil: Angolani, Daniel Hugo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural General Acha; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Silvia Susana. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; ArgentinaFil: Lehr, Fernando Javier. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; Argentin
CondiciĂłn corporal en rodeos de crĂa
En las explotaciones agropecuarias que se dedican a la actividad ganadera de crĂa, el 65% de los ingresos proviene de la producciĂłn de terneros por hectĂĄrea y por año; el ingreso restante se origina por la venta de las vacas de refugo (gordas o conserva), las vaquillonas sobrantes de los reemplazos y toros de descarte. De allĂ que, de todas las variables que afectan a la productividad fĂsica y econĂłmica de la crĂa bovina, el porcentaje de vacas que desteta cada año un ternero es la de mayor significaciĂłn. Para lograr un ternero por año debemos conseguir la preñez de la vaca poco tiempo despuĂ©s del parto. Del total de 365 dĂas, en promedio 283 corresponden al periodo de gestaciĂłn, de modo que para cumplir nuestro objetivo la vaca debe preñarse en el lapso de 82 dĂas.
Muchas pueden ser las causas de falta de preñez (por ejemplo, sanitarias); sin embargo, en la mayorĂa de los casos estĂĄn asociadas a nutriciĂłn inapropiada y pobre condiciĂłn corporal (CC). La estimaciĂłn de la CondiciĂłn Corporal es una herramienta sencilla que permite
anticiparse a las situaciones de dĂ©ficit nutricional y realizar acciones para mejorar los Ăndices de preñez del rodeo.EEA Alto ValleFil: Devesa, Antonia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle. Agencia de ExtensiĂłn Rural RĂo Colorado; ArgentinaFil: Angolani, Daniel Hugo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural General Acha; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Silvia Susana. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; ArgentinaFil: Lehr, Fernando Javier. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; Argentin
Additive manufactured stoneware fired in microwave furnace
In the context of ceramic manufacturing, additive manufacturing or 3D printing creates new opportunities and perspectives, allowing the fabrication of parts with complex shapes, which by traditional means would be impossible to produce or would be very expensive [1]. This is the case for dinnerware and artworks (stoneware, porcelain and clay-based products).
After piece forming, the greenware is gas or electrically fired at high temperatures to achieve its mechanical strength and aesthetic properties. These conventional firing processes usually require long processing times, in the present case taking 10 h to reach temperatures around 1200 °C [2].
In the search for faster firing processes, small size and cup shaped 3D printed stoneware pieces were fired using microwave radiation as the energy source. As microwave radiation has the potential to penetrate the material to be sintered, volumetric heating can be achieved, and faster firing processes are possible to implement without cracks formation and other thermal related defects.
Pieces were fired in 10% of the conventional manufacturing time in a six magnetrons (energy sources) microwave furnace [3]. The microwave, the electrically-fast-fired and conventionally-fired pieces are presented in Figure 1. The conventionally-fired pieces are seen as reference samples. Temperature was controlled through a calibrated pyrometer [3], and using Process Temperature Control Rings (PTCR) the temperature of the pieces of (1207 ± 15) °C was determined. An error of only 1.25% was calculated between the temperature measured by the pyrometer and the PTCR in the piece where the pyrometer is measuring the temperature. The PTCR elements give a better representation of the real heating process at its location, concomitantly of each piece when they are placed inside it.
The results show that microwave-fast-fired pieces present comparable mechanical strength to the references (10 h electrically fired) and to the electrically fast-fired pieces (41, 46 and 34 (N/mm2), respectively), and present aesthetic features closer to the reference ones. Porosity quantification does not fully agree with the mechanical strength of the pieces, of ~5% for electrically fast-fired, ~9% for the references and ~4% for microwave-fired ones.
Overall, microwave heating can be used as an alternative stoneware firing technology, without compromising its quality and features with gains in the manufacturing time. Another advantage attributed to microwave heating is the reduction in the firing temperature, as claimed by the literature [4,5]. However, this possibility still requires confirmation in 3D-printed stoneware.publishe
AlimentaciĂłn: Monitoreo de heces
El monitoreo de las heces es una técnica sencilla que se utiliza para evaluar el efecto de la alimentación en los animales y determinar si es necesario corregir sobre la marcha el déficit o exceso de nutrientes.
Las observaciones se pueden realizar en cualquier lugar del campo, pero es importante que se realicen sobre heces frescas.
Hay tres aspectos a observar al realizar la lectura de heces: el color, la forma y la consistencia. A continuaciĂłn, se presenta una clasificaciĂłn en cinco categorĂas para utilizar de guĂa (la misma fue realizada por Bavera y Peñafort en el 2006). Es importante señalar que estas divisiones no son tajantes, sino que pueden pre-sentarse muchos casos intermedios entre dos categorĂas debido a la variaciĂłn en la composiciĂłn de los pastos en distintas zonas, sales totales del agua de bebida, Ă©pocas, clima y manejo.EEA Alto ValleFil: Devesa, Antonia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural RĂo Colorado; ArgentinaFil: Angolani, Daniel Hugo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural General Acha; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Silvia Susana.Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; ArgentinaFil: Lehr, Fernando Javier. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia De ExtensiĂłn Rural Guatrache; ArgentinaFil: Distel, Roberto Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de AgronomĂa; Argentin
Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-Ï auto-Abs in children
We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2
Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in âs = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at âs = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements