The Smokeless Tobacco Induced Effect on Biochemical Parameters Levels in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, which leads to life threatening complication and may result from acute metabolic aberrations. Prevalence any kind current use of tobacco on average is 29.4% and 15.5% smoking and 13.9%smokeless.(ICMR prevalence survey data in Karnataka 2001) WHO 2011 report, 6 million people die every year is due to nicotine toxicity 2 . Hence research is planned to establish possible relation between the levels plasma Uric Acid, MDA, Amylase level with Lipid profile in (ST) tobacco user in type 2 diabetic subjects as compared with Non ST tobacco user Diabetic Subjects in Northern Karnataka Population with their Demographic life style of 62 diabetes patients and normal subjects attending BLDE University's Sri B.M.Patil Medical College Hospital for routine checkup. The results show significant alteration of lipid profile and uric acid levels (P<0.001) tobacco user Diabetes and Free radical MDA generation P>0.001 but not much alteration in serum Amylase. In this study positive correlation between Blood Glucose, serum MDA and Uric Acid levels indicating pre diabetic markers and early diabetic complication

Vegetative Propagation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) Through Cuttings: A Review

PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DO NIM INDIANO (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) POR MEIO DE ESTACAS: UMA REVISÃO Azadirachta indica A. Juss (nim indiano) é uma importante espécie florestal que apresenta múltiplos usos. Hoje, o nim está recebendo o reconhecimento mundial por sua grande variedade de compostos bioativos. Considera uma herança biológica significativa, também é reconhecida como um dos presentes da natureza para a humanidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais métodos científicos utilizados para se obter clones de Azadirachta indica por meio de propagação vegetativa, avaliado perspectivas atuais e as tendências futuras para a aplicação de novas técnicas de clonagem para a produção em grande escala. A literatura descreve métodos de tratamento (mergulhia), tipos de regulador de crescimento (IBA, NAA e IAA), tipos de estacas (madeira dura, madeira semiduro, madeira macia, folhas e mini estacas) e enraizamento (areia, solo, vermiculita e areia + solo + FYM) durante diferentes épocas (estação chuvosa, inverno e verão). A divulgação de tais técnicas podem minimizar os custos, encurtar as etapas de produção e, consequentemente, reduzir o tempo de cultivo em laboratório. Palavras-chave: Azadirachta indica, propagação vegetativa, estacas, auxina. ABSTRACT Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is one of the important multipurpose tree species. Today, neem is receiving worldwide recognition for its variety of bioactive principle components. Neem, being an important part of our biological heritage and is also recognised as one of nature’s gift to mankind.  This review aims to perform a literature review of the main scientific methods used to obtain clones of Azadirachta indica, such as the processes of vegetative (macro) propagation and present perspectives and future trends for the application of new cloning techniques aiming for large scale for plant production. The literature describes methods (dip treatment), types of plant growth regulator (IBA, NAA & IAA), types of stem cuttings (hard wood, semi hard wood, soft wood, leafy & mini cuttings) and planted in rooting media (sand, soil, vermiculite & sand+soil+FYM) during different season (monsoon, winter & summer). The improvement aiming the disseminating such techniques can minimize costs, shorten production stages and consequently, reduce the cultivation time in the laboratory. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, vegetative propagation, cuttings, auxin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n04a1