Transcript of My Father’s Heroics

This story is an excerpt from a longer interview that was collected as part of the Launching through the Surf: The Dory Fleet of Pacific City project. In this story, Sid Fisher recounts how his father, Walt Fisher, saved him from rolling his dory

VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING HPLC APPROACH FOR QUANTIFYING TRICHOLINE CITRATE AND CYPROHEPTADINE SIMULTANEOUSLY IN SYRUP FORMS

Objective: This investigation demonstrates a stability-indicating and reliable “high-performance liquid chromatography” method to simultaneously quantify tricholine citrate (TEC) and cyproheptadine (CRH) in the syrup form and bulk form. Methods: Successful separation was accomplished using C18 “Agilent column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)” with isocratic type of elution using mobile phase containing 0.1 M NaH2PO4 buffer and acetonitrile at 55% volume and 45% volume ratio, respectively with 1.0 ml/min flow rate. The wavelength sensor was attuned at 263 nm to quantify TEC and CRH. Results: TEC and CRH peaks were eluted with fine resolution at retention times 1.837 min and 2.936 min, respectively. In the 137.5-412.5 μg/ml and 1-3 μg/ml concentration ranges for TEC and CRH, the calibration graphs were linear, with regression coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. The suggested "high-performance liquid chromatography" approach has been shown as sensitive, precise, robust, accurate, specific and stability indicating through the resolution of TEC and CRH from its degradation-based compounds. Conclusion: The established high-performance liquid chromatography technique was effectively extended to the evaluation of TEC and CRH in the combined syrup form and the test results appeared satisfactory

The Genetics of Language: From complex genes to complex communication

This chapter discusses the genetic foundations of the human capacity for language. It reviews the molecular structure of the genome and the complex molecular mechanisms that allow genetic information to influence multiple levels of biology. It goes on to describe the active regulation of genes and their formation of complex genetic pathways that in turn control the cellular environment and function. At each of these levels, examples of genes and genetic variants that may influence the human capacity for language are given. Finally, it discusses the value of using animal models to understand the genetic underpinnings of speech and language. From this chapter will emerge the complexity of the genome in action and the multidisciplinary efforts that are currently made to bridge the gap between genetics and language

Genetic diversity assessment of wild and cultivated varieties of Jatropha curcas (L.) in India by RAPD analysis

The present study deals with evaluation of genetic diversity and pedigree analysis through RAPD analysis. A total number of 40 Jatropha curcas accessions collected from different geographical regions and 43 random decamer primers were screened to assess polymorphism. 10 primers were amplified and 94 polymorphic bands were found out of 125 scored. Accounting for 75.2 % polymorphism across the genotypes 12.5 bands per primer, out of 9.4 were polymorphic. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity varied from 0.00 to 1.00 indicative of high levels of genetic variation among the genotypes studied. Cluster analysis of data using UPGMA algorithm placed the 40 accessions into 2 main clusters, with cluster II divided into six sub-clusters. The result provides valid guidelines for the collection, conservation and characterization of Jatropha curcas genetic resources

Synthesis, spectral studies and antibacterial activity of iron(III) complexes with hydrazone functionalized ligands: X-Ray structure determination of a novel five coordinate complex containing labile ligands

608-615Iron(III) complexes having general formula FeLCl2 [where, L = 2-acetylpyridine acetoylhydrazone (APAH), 2-acetylpyridine benzoylhydrazone (APBH), 2-acetylthiophene acetoylhydrazone (ATAH), and 2-acetythiophene benzoylhydrazone (ATBH)] have been synthesized and characterized based on molar conductivity, electronic and IR spectroscopy. The structure of iron(III) complex with APBH ligand is determined using single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 7.8490(6) Å, b = 15.1018(11) Å, c = 13.2263(10) Å, α = 90°, β=100.183(3)°, γ = 90°, V = 1543.1(2) Å3 and Z = 4 with central Fe(III) ion coordinated by one tridentate APBH ligand. The iron is involved in 5-coordinate bonding with one organic (hydrazone) unit and two labile chloride ligands. The ligand acts as NNO–tridentate donor system. Iron is coordinated to pyridine ring nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and benzoyl oxygen atoms and the two chloride ligands bind with metal completing distorted square pyramidal structure. The ligands and iron complexes are screened for their anti-bacterial activities against Pseudomonas aureoginos and Bacillus cereus. Among ligands, acetoyl hydrazones show more activity than the corresponding benzoyl hydrazones. The hydrazones having a methyl/ and pyridine groups show higher antibacterial activity. The iron complexes show higher activity than the metal free ligands

PERBAIKAN PROSES BISNIS CETAKAN BUKU DENGAN METODE BUSINESS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT (BPI) (STUDI KASUS: PT. UNIVERSAL)

PT. Universal adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang percetakan. Terdapat beberapa produk cetakan yang dikerjakan oleh PT. Universal dan salah satunya adalah buku. Pencetakan buku mempunyai waktu siklus yang panjang dan proses yang kompleks. Dalam tahap produksi terdapat beberapa tahapan operasi yaitu, expose film, cuci plat, cetak, lipat dan susun, block lem, potong, serta wrapping. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada keseluruhan proses menyebabkan tidak tercapainya target penyelesaian pekerjaan.Perlu dilakukan suatu perbaikan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah Business Process Improvement. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam merancang usulan perbaikan di antaranya pemahaman proses, pengukuran waktu siklus, identifikasi sumber daya manusia, informasi, fasilitas dan teknologi, kebutuhan pelanggan, serta kesalahan pada proses eksisting. Rancangan proses cetakan buku usulan disusun berdasarkan analisis aktivitas dan perbaikan waktu siklus dengan menelaah lebih lanjut unsur-unsur dalam proses eksisting yang telah diidentifikasi.Hasil rancangan perbaikan adalah proses usulan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan proses eksisting. Pada proses perbaikan yang diusulkan, secara keseluruhan nilai efisiensi waktu siklus kegiatan mengalami peningkatan. Berdasarkan hasil output model simulasi dapat diketahui bahwa waktu pengerjaan untuk 1000 buku berisi 40 lembar kertas A4, full color, dengan jenis finishingblock lem pada proses usulan berkurang sebesar 8 jam dari keseluruhan proses eksisting. Selain itu, perbaikan yang dilakukan juga berdampak pada peningkatan utilisasi lokasi dan sumber daya. Business Process Improvement, perbaikan waktu siklus, pemodelan simulasi

EVALUATING THE BEST POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AS SOLID DISPERSION CARRIER BY TAKING ETORICOXIB AS A MODEL DRUG

Objective: The main objective of the current research is focused in discovering the best polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solid dispersion carrier using etoricoxib (ECB) as a model drug. Methods: Varieties of PEG, namely PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 6000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000, were evaluated as a carrier for making ECB solid dispersions. ECB:PEG was taken in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. The solid dispersions were prepared by microwave fusion method and compressed using 8 station tablet compression machine. The fabricated solid dispersion tablets were tested for physicochemical characteristics and drug release rates. The release of ECB from the prepared solid dispersions was further analyzed kinetically using the first order and Hixson-Crowell’s plots. Results: All the solid dispersion batches were shown satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. ECB solid dispersion batches with PEG - 6000 showed good solubility in distilled water (up to 2.29±0.01 μg/ml) and in 0.1 N HCl (up to 2.18±0.01 μg/ml) when compared with ECB alone (0.21±0.01 μg/ml and 0.32±0.01 μg/ml). The prepared solid dispersions with PEG 6000 are shown good ECB release. Conclusion: Among PEG carriers, PEG - 6000 was found to be the best carrier for increasing the solubility and release rate of ECB form the solid dispersions compared to PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000

A chromosomal rearrangement in a child with severe speech and language disorder separates FOXP2 from a functional enhancer

Mutations of FOXP2 in 7q31 cause a rare disorder involving speech apraxia, accompanied by expressive and receptive language impairments. A recent report described a child with speech and language deficits, and a genomic rearrangement affecting chromosomes 7 and 11. One breakpoint mapped to 7q31 and, although outside its coding region, was hypothesised to disrupt FOXP2 expression. We identified an element 2 kb downstream of this breakpoint with epigenetic characteristics of an enhancer. We show that this element drives reporter gene expression in human cell-lines. Thus, displacement of this element by translocation may disturb gene expression, contributing to the observed language phenotype

VALIDATED GRADIENT STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF 11 RELATED SUBSTANCES IN THE COMBINED DOSAGE FORMS OF LAMIVUDINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPEOXIL FUMARATE

Objective: Development of a stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 impurities in the combined dosage forms of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug substances.Methods: Efficient chromatographic separation of all analytes was achieved on a Waters X-terra RP18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 mm) using mobile phase A (ammonium acetate buffer, pH adjusted to 5.0±0.05 with dilute orthophosphoric acid) and mobile phase B (mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 20:80) with the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min in gradient elution mode at 260 nm.Results: The method was validated in terms of the limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness according to the international conference on harmonisation (ICH Q2R1). Regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient (r2) is greater than 0.997 for individual active drug substances as well as their related substances. The method has proven very accurate (94.6 % to 108.2 % with % RSD not more than 4.9), highly precise (% RSD of the Intra-day and the inter-day study was not more than 8.9) and robust enough to deliver accurate results, when the chromatographic conditions were altered intentionally. Forced degradation studies were conducted in acidic, basic, thermal, photolytic, humid and peroxide stress conditions, where all the degradation peaks were monitored. Highest degradation of lamivudine was observed under oxidative stress condition and tenofovir was more susceptible to degradation under acidic and alkaline conditions.Conclusion: The present method is able to separate all the related compounds with each other and with the main drug substances with the resolution more than 2.0. The test solution was found to be stable in diluent up to 24 h. The mass balance of forced degradation of formulations, close to 99 %, made this method as a stability indicating method

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN AND OLAPARIB IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS methodology was used to develop and validate a method for detecting erythromycin and olaparib in human plasma. Antibiotics such as erythromycin and olaparib fall into this category. Liquid chromatography is used to separate stationary and mobile phases based on differences in their affinities as well as to remove unwanted contaminants. It improves repeatability, sensitivity, resilience, and low-level protein detection. A C18 (C18, 5 m, 100×4.6 mm) column is utilized for high resolution and peak area. The calibration curve is created using linear regression. Internally, telmisartan is utilized as a benchmark. The flow rate of the mobile phase is 0.5 mL/min. Erythromycin and olaparib have mass-to-charge ratios of 735.43–115.97 and 435.08–102.04, respectively. Erythromycin in combination with olaparib resulted in a 98% recovery rate. The precision and accuracy of the results determined by interday QC samples are within acceptable limits. There was no evidence of instability