Recent progress in marine mycological research in different countries, and prospects for future developments worldwide

Early research on marine fungi was mostly descriptive, with an emphasis on their diversity and taxonomy, especially of those collected at rocky shores on seaweeds and driftwood. Subsequently, further substrata (e.g. salt marsh grasses, marine animals, seagrasses, sea foam, seawater, sediment) and habitats (coral reefs, deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, mangroves, sandy beaches, salt marshes) were explored for marine fungi. In parallel, research areas have broadened from micro-morphology to ultrastructure, ecophysiology, molecular phylogenetics, biogeography, biodeterioration, biodegradation, bioprospecting, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Although marine fungi only constitute a small fraction of the global mycota, new species of marine fungi continue to be described from new hosts/substrata of unexplored locations/habitats, and novel bioactive metabolites have been discovered in the last two decades, warranting a greater collaborative research effort. Marine fungi of Africa, the Americas and Australasia are under-explored, while marine Chytridiomycota and allied taxa, fungi associated with marine animals, the functional roles of fungi in the sea, and the impacts of climate change on marine fungi are some of the topics needing more attention. In this article, currently active marine mycologists from different countries have written on the history and current state of marine fungal research in individual countries highlighting their strength in the subject, and this represents a first step towards a collaborative inter- and transdisciplinary research strategy

Phylogenetic Revision of Savoryellaceae and Evidence for Its Ranking as a Subclass

Morphology, phylogeny, and molecular clock analyses were carried out on Savoryellaceae in order to understand the placements of taxa in this family. Ascotaiwania and Neoascotaiwania formed a well-supported separate clade in the phylogeny of concatenated partial SSU, LSU, TEF, and RPB2 gene data. These two genera share similar morphological features, especially in their asexual morphs, indicating that they are congeneric. Hence, we synonymize Neoascotaiwania under Ascotaiwania. Ascotaiwania hughesii (and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum) and Monotosporella setosa grouped in a clade sister to Pleurotheciales and are excluded from Ascotaiwania which becomes monophyletic. A novel genus Helicoascotaiwania is introduced to accommodate Ascotaiwania hughesii and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum. A novel species, Savoryella yunnanensis is introduced from a freshwater habitat in Yunnan Province, China. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided for selected taxa in this family. In addition, we provide evolutionary divergence estimates for Savoryellomycetidae taxa and major marine based taxa to support our phylogenetic and morphological investigations. The taxonomic placement of these marine-based taxa is briefly discussed. Our results indicate that the most basal group of marine-based taxa are represented within Lulworthiales, which diverged from ancestral Sordariomycetes around 149 Mya (91–209) and Savoryellomycetidae around 213 Mya (198–303)

Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly

Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi

This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes, where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla, nine classes, 31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions. Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora, Brunneomurispora, Liua, Lonicericola, Neoeutypella, Paratrimmatostroma, Parazalerion, Proliferophorum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis, Septomelanconiella, Velebitea and Vicosamyces. Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius, A. langensis, Aleurodiscus patagonicus, Amanita flavoalba, A. subtropicana, Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Baorangia major, Bartalinia kunmingensis, Brunneofusispora sinensis, Brunneomurispora lonicerae, Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis, Clavulina thindii, Coniochaeta simbalensis, Conlarium thailandense, Coprinus trigonosporus, Liua muriformis, Cyphellophora filicis, Cytospora ulmicola, Dacrymyces invisibilis, Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Emericellopsis koreana, Galiicola baoshanensis, Hygrocybe lucida, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Hyweljonesia indica, Keissleriella caraganae, Lactarius olivaceopallidus, Lactifluus midnapurensis, Lembosia brigadeirensis, Leptosphaeria urticae, Lonicericola hyaloseptispora, Lophiotrema mucilaginosis, Marasmiellus bicoloripes, Marasmius indojasminodorus, Micropeltis phetchaburiensis, Mucor orantomantidis, Murilentithecium lonicerae, Neobambusicola brunnea, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Neosetophoma lonicerae, Ophiobolus malleolus, Parabambusicola thysanolaenae, Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis, Parazalerion indica, Penicillium dokdoense, Peroneutypa mangrovei, Phaeosphaeria cycadis, Phanerochaete australosanguinea, Plectosphaerella kunmingensis, Plenodomus artemisiae, P. lijiangensis, Proliferophorum thailandicum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana, Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus, Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae, Robillarda mangiferae, Roussoella elaeicola, Russula choptae, R. uttarakhandia, Septomelanconiella thailandica, Spencermartinsia acericola, Sphaerellopsis isthmospora, Thozetella lithocarpi, Trechispora echinospora, Tremellochaete atlantica, Trichoderma koreanum, T. pinicola, T. rugulosum, Velebitea chrysotexta, Vicosamyces venturisporus, Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica. Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata, Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola. The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated. The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto- and histochemical analyses. The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time. In addition, the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes, A. melleialba, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Chaetosphaeria panamensis, Coniella vitis, Coprinopsis kubickae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum var. calidus, Muyocopron lithocarpi, Neoroussoella solani, Periconia cortaderiae, Phragmocamarosporium hederae, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola

Cryptosphaeria eunomia Fuckel

Cryptosphaeria eunomia (Fr.) Fuckel Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 23-24: 212 (1870). Sphaeria eunomia Fr., Systema mycologicum (Lundae) 2 (2): 377 (1823). DISTRIBUTION. — Denmark, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, as Cryptosphaeria millepunctata (synonym of Cryptosphaeria eunomia), United States Marine based specimens from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia western Pacific Ocean. NOTES Cryptosphaeria eunomia possesses a widely effused stroma within bark tissues that is slightly elevated, light colored or darkened, with separate, rounded or stellate ostioles at the surface. Asci are clavate or cylindrical, 8-spored, usually with long stalks, and paraphysate with allantoid, hyaline or brownish ascospores. It is widely known from Fraxinus spp., Juglans regia, and Robinia pseudoacacia (Rappaz 1987; Grand 1985; Dudka et al. 2004; Farr & Rossman 2018). It has also been isolated from an unidentified marine sponge from Pohnpei, and which yielded the anti-mycobacterial compounds diaporthein A and B (Kim 2013). Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain herbarium material of Cryptosphaeria eunomia collected from a marine habitat and there are no sequences generated from marine based strains. We used two strains of Cr. eunomia var. eunomia (CBS 216.87) and Cr. eunomia var. fraxini (CBS223.87) in our phylogenetic analyses.They grouped apart from all other Cryptosphaeria species and were located in a clade comprising Eutypa species (Figs 1; 2).Published as part of Dayarathne, Monika C., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Devadatha, B., Abeywickrama, Pranami, G, E. B., Jones, areth, Chomnunti, Putarak, Sarma, V. V., Hyde, Kevin D., Lumyong, Saisamorn, C., Eric H. & Mckenzie, 2020, Modern taxonomic approaches to identifying diatrypaceous fungi from marine habitats, with a novel genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde, gen. nov., pp. 21-67 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3, http://zenodo.org/record/781504

Halodiatrype avicenniae Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde

Halodiatrype avicenniae Dayarathne & K.D.Hyde (Fig. 15) Mycosphere 7 (5): 612-627 (2016). CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS. — Colonies on PDA reaching 8 cm diam., after two weeks at 20-25°C, medium dense, irregular, slightly raised, surface smooth with undulate edge, cottony, colony from above white at the margin, yellowish white at the centre; from below yellowish white at the margin, yellow to pale brown at the centre; mycelium greenish grey, no pigmentation on PDA media. Conidiomata forming on culture media, concentrated at colony margin, appearing as black, slimy bubbles with conidial mass. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Thailand. Phetchaburi Province, Hat Chao Samran, 47°43’30.216”E, 40°15’1.368”N 0 m a.s.l., on intertidal decayed wood of Avicennia sp. at a mangrove stand, 28.VIII.2015, M. Dayarathne, CHAM020 (holo-, MFLU 16- 1185), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC15-0953, ICMP 21767; CHAM010 (MFLU 16-1176), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15-0948. — Krabi province, Tha pom Khlong Nam, 08°12’50.4”N, 98°46’42.7”E, 0 m a.s.l., on intertidal decayed wood of Avicennia sp. at a mangrove stand, 16.XII.2015, M. Dayarathne, KLA002 (MFLU 16- 1196), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 16-0532; KLA003 (MFLU 16-1197), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 16- 0533. — Ranong province, Amphoe Maung, Mu 4 Tambol Ngao, Ranong Mangrove Research Center, 9°43’- 9°57’N, 98°29’- 98°39’E, 0 m a.s.l., on intertidal decayed wood of Bruguiera cylindrica at a mangrove stand, 6.XII.2016, M. Dayarathne, MCD037 (MFLU 18-0150), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0396, ICMP 21765. DISTRIBUTION. — Thailand. DESCRIPTION Sexual morph See Dayarathne et al. (2016). Asexual morph (On PDA after 60 days at 25°C) libertella-like, in back conidial drops. Conidia. Falcate, 26-38 × 1-2 µm (ẍ = 32 × 1.5 µm, n = 30), hyaline, 1-celled, smooth, upper end subacute, base truncate, curved to nearly semicircular. NOTES Halodiatrype avicenniae is morphologically distinguishable from H. salinicola by having aseptate, larger ascospores (45- 52 × 10-14 µm vs 7.5-8.5 × 2.5-3 µm), which are hyaline to light brown. Halodiatrype avicenniae is similar to H. mangrovei in its ascomata, asci, ascospore shape and colour (Hyde 1993), but H. mangrovei has 1-4-septate ascospores, while they are aseptate in H. avicenniae. Unfortunately, there are no molecular data to compare the phylogenetic affinities of these two species. This study amends the species description by describing asexual morph characteristics of H. avicenniae. This study also reports Bruguiera cylindrica as a new host for this species.Published as part of Dayarathne, Monika C., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Devadatha, B., Abeywickrama, Pranami, G, E. B., Jones, areth, Chomnunti, Putarak, Sarma, V. V., Hyde, Kevin D., Lumyong, Saisamorn, C., Eric H. & Mckenzie, 2020, Modern taxonomic approaches to identifying diatrypaceous fungi from marine habitats, with a novel genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde, gen. nov., pp. 21-67 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on page 54, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3, http://zenodo.org/record/781504

Diatrype Fr., Summa 1849

Diatrype Fr. Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae: 384 (1849). NOTES Diatrype was established byFries (1849) with Diatrype disciformis as the type species. The genus occurs widely on decaying wood. Several species are reported as canker forming pathogens on forest trees (Senanayake et al. 2015). Species in this genus are resistant to harsh conditions. The asexual morph of Diatrype is reported as libertella-like and dumortieria-like (Kirk et al. 2008; Wijayawardene et al. 2012; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016; Senanayake et al. 2015). There are no previous records of Diatrype species from marine based habitats.Published as part of Dayarathne, Monika C., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Devadatha, B., Abeywickrama, Pranami, G, E. B., Jones, areth, Chomnunti, Putarak, Sarma, V. V., Hyde, Kevin D., Lumyong, Saisamorn, C., Eric H. & Mckenzie, 2020, Modern taxonomic approaches to identifying diatrypaceous fungi from marine habitats, with a novel genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde, gen. nov., pp. 21-67 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3) on page 46, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3, http://zenodo.org/record/781504

Pedumispora K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones, Mycological 1992

<i>Pedumispora</i> K.D.Hyde & E.B.G.Jones <p> <i>Mycological Research</i> 96: 78 (1992).</p> NOTES <p> <i>Pedumispora</i> was described from prop roots of <i>Rhizophora apiculata</i> (Hyde & Jones 1992). The fungus is characterized by erumpent pustules containing 1-4 immersed ascomata, unitunicate, deliquescing asci and filiform ascospores (Hyde & Jones 1992; Klaysuban <i>et al.</i> 2014). Filiform ascospores and deliquescing asci are widely found in many unitunicate marine ascomycetes and are regarded as adaptations to the aquatic environment (Hyde <i>et al.</i> 1999, 2000). The genus shares similarities with <i>Prosthecium</i> and <i>Winterella</i> in the Diaporthales (Hyde & Jones 1992). Klaysuban <i>et al.</i> (2014) showed by molecular analyses that <i>P.rhizophorae</i> was distantly placed from the Diaporthales, and groups in the <i>Diatrypaceae, Xylariales</i> with strong support.</p>Published as part of <i>Dayarathne, Monika C., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Devadatha, B., Abeywickrama, Pranami, G, E. B., Jones, areth, Chomnunti, Putarak, Sarma, V. V., Hyde, Kevin D., Lumyong, Saisamorn, C., Eric H. & Mckenzie, 2020, Modern taxonomic approaches to identifying diatrypaceous fungi from marine habitats, with a novel genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde, gen. nov., pp. 21-67 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on page 56, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815042">http://zenodo.org/record/7815042</a&gt

Diatrypasimilis J. J. Zhou & Kohlm

<i>Diatrypasimilis</i> J.J.Zhou & Kohlm <p> <i>Mycologia</i> 102 (2): 432 (2010).</p> NOTES <p> <i>Diatrypasimilis</i> was proposed by Chalkley <i>et al.</i> (2010) to accommodate a marine xylarialean fungus, <i>Diatrypasimilis australiensis</i> isolated from roots of <i>Rhizophora</i> sp. (mangrove) in Australia. This genus has morphological features similar to both <i>Diatrypaceae</i> and <i>Xylariaceae,</i> such as relatively thick stroma on wood surface, erumpent, subglobose, ostiolate and carbonaceous, black ascomata with a conical neck, hamathecium consisting of paraphyses, 8-spored, cylindrical, unitunicate asci, with an apical apparatus and uniseriate, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, dark brown ascospores with a germ slit (Chalkley <i>et al.</i> 2010; Abdel-Wahab <i>et al.</i> 2014). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the combined nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and their internal transcribed spacers placed the genus in a basal position in the <i>Diatrypaceae</i> clade of the order <i>Xylariales</i> (Chalkley <i>et al.</i> 2010; Abdel-Wahab <i>et al.</i> 2014). The asexual morph produces synnemata-like structures from yellow-orange to dark brown and distributed irregularly on mycelia developing on an aged culture. It produces hyaline, unicellular, cylindrical, or clavate conidia, which are holoblastic, produced singly on conidiogenous cells (Abdel-Wahab <i>et al.</i> 2014). However, none of the diatrypaceous taxa was sufficiently close to <i>Diatrypasimilis australiensis</i> to allow a clear placement within <i>Diatrypaceae</i> (Abdel-Wahab <i>et al.</i> 2014). Only LSU, SSU and ITS sequence data are available for this species. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain Btub sequence data to confirm whether <i>Diatrypasimilis australiensis</i> is a representative of a new family in the <i>Xylariales</i> or a member of <i>Diatrypaceae</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Dayarathne, Monika C., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Devadatha, B., Abeywickrama, Pranami, G, E. B., Jones, areth, Chomnunti, Putarak, Sarma, V. V., Hyde, Kevin D., Lumyong, Saisamorn, C., Eric H. & Mckenzie, 2020, Modern taxonomic approaches to identifying diatrypaceous fungi from marine habitats, with a novel genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K. D. Hyde, gen. nov., pp. 21-67 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on page 48, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815042">http://zenodo.org/record/7815042</a&gt