Realization of OFCC based transimpedance mode instrumentation amplifier

The paper presents an instrumentation amplifier suitable for amplifying the current source transducer signals. It provides a voltage output. It has a high gain, common mode rejection ratio and gain independent bandwidth. It uses three Operational Floating Current Conveyors (OFCCs) and four resistors. The effect of nonidealities of OFCC on performance of proposed transimpedance instrumentation amplifier (TIA) is also analyzed. The proposal has been verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based schematicThe paper presents an instrumentation amplifier suitable for amplifying the current source transducer signals. It provides a voltage output. It has a high gain, common mode rejection ratio and gain independent bandwidth. It uses three operational floating current conveyors (OFCCs) and four resistors. The effect of nonidealities of OFCC on performance of proposed transimpedance instrumentation amplifier (TIA) is also analyzed. The proposal has been verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based schematic

Floating knee with early onset fat embolism: a case report

Fat embolism syndrome in young adults is most commonly associated with the long bone fractures most commonly femur and tibia. Its concomitance with floating knee is reported scarcely in reviewing the literature. Though it has been proposed that onset of fat embolism presents following an asymptomatic interval for about 24 to 72 hours, our patient developed onset within 8 hours following trauma. This case report is of first in this kind ever reported in the literature. We present a caseof 26 year old male patientwith floating knee Fraser type1 and Early Onset Fat Embolism syndrome who developed within 8 hours ofinjury underwent staged intramedullary nailing of femur and tibia with an excellent functional outcome without any sequelae of fat embolismat 2 year postoperative followup. Appropriate clinical judgement and awareness to suspect fat embolism syndrome and timely immobilisation with proper supportive care and serial reassessment and planned surgery preferably intramedullary nailing in young patient would benefit the patient in toto in case of floating knee with early onset fat embolism

Image-based Skin Disease Detection and Classification through Bioinspired Machine Learning Approaches

A self-learning disease detection model will be useful for identifying skin infections in suspected individuals using skin images of infected patients. To detect skin diseases, some AI-based bioinspired models employ skin images. Skin infection is a common problem that is currently faced due to various reasons, such as food, water, environmental factors, and many others. Skin infections such as psoriasis, skin cancer, monkeypox, and tomato flu, among others, have a lower death rate but a significant impact on quality of life. Neural Networks (NNs) and Swarm intelligence (SI) based approaches are employed for skin disease diagnosis and classification through image processing. In this paper, the convolutional neural networks-based Cuckoo search algorithm (CNN-CS) is trained using the well-known multi-objective optimization technique cuckoo search. The performance of the suggested CNN-CS model is evaluated by comparing it with three commonly used metaheuristic-based classifiers: CNN-GA, CNN-BAT, and CNN-PSO. This comparison was based on various measures, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. These measures are calculated using the confusion matrices from the testing phase. The results of the experiments revealed that the proposed model has outperformed the others, achieving an accuracy of 97.72%

Adverse drug reactions of anti-snake venom among haemotoxic and neurotoxic snake bite: A prospective observational study

INTRODUCTION: Adverse Drug reactions (ADR) is defined as “any noxious change which is suspected to be due to a drug, occurs at doses normally used in man, requires treatment or decrease in dose or indicated caution in the future use of the same drug”. Anti-Snake venom (ASV) is the only promising lifesaving treatment for management of snake bite, till date. Snakebite is a terrifying experience at an individual level, as in India the low socio-economic people are mostly affected in all age groups. AIM OF THE STUDY: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: 1. To analyze the prevalence of the Adverse Drug Reactions and dosage patterns of Anti-Snake Venom. 2. To compare the safety profile with regard to Anti-Snake Venom among three Manufacturers. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: 1. To perform causality and severity assessment of the Adverse Drug Reactions. 2. To Study the Demographic and clinical Profile of Snake Bite Cases. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This prospective observational study was conducted in patients admitted with snake bite in three districts of Tamilnadu during January 2016 to December 2016. The Causality assessment was done by using Liverpool Causality Tool and the severity assessment was done by modified Hartwig Seigel scale. RESULTS: Among 476 patients, 370 (77.73%) were from Perambalur district, 64 (13.44%) from Ariyalur district and 42 (8.82%) from Erode district and 206 (43.2%) were administered ASV. Overall, 2330 vials were used and the mean ASV used was 11.59 ± 6.38 vials ranging between 1 to 30 vials per patient. Adverse reactions were seen in 55 (26.7%) patients. Among the three manufacturers, it was 17 (26.9%) in ASV I, 25 (24.7%) in ASV II and 13 (30.9%) in ASV III. There was a no significant correlation between the types of manufacturers and incidence of adverse reactions. There were 4 deaths (2 - respiratory failure and 2 - cardiac failure) recorded in this study. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that the 3 different manufacturers of ASV do not reflect the incidence of adverse reactions. ASV has relative variability in their batches and snake species and their geographical variations

Design of utility functions for game-based channel allocation in cognitive radio wireless sensor network

Cognitive radio enabled wireless sensor network is capable of reducing the spectrum scarcity problem of the wireless networks. Looking at the scarcity of available bandwidth, and the high growth in the number of communication devices in recent times, cognitive radio technology has proven to be a promising technology for the days to come. The application of Game Theory in cognitive radio networks has been visible in recent research works. However, only limited literature is available in which possibilities of applying the game-theory based approaches for the challenging task of channel assignment in cognitive radio wireless sensor are available in the literature. It is understood that the crux of the solution to the problem of scheming games for allocation of the channel is centered on the selection of the utility function in order to increase the efficiency of the channel allocation algorithm. Accordingly, the study regarding the influence of several utility functions on the performance of the corresponding channel allocation algorithm is important.  Such a study enables designers to arrive at the optimal utility function to be used in game-theory based channel allocation algorithms, and the same is explored to the best extent, in this paper. The detailed procedure of allocating channels to all the contending nodes through game-based channel allocation has been discussed in this paper. Moreover, the performance of six different utility functions proposed which can be used for channel allocation using game theory has been evaluated for respective performances through MATLAB-based simulations

Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An Ayurvedic Approach To Understanding And Treating It: A Single Case Study

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Guillain-Barre's syndrome is typically brought on by an immunological reaction following certain post-infections. GBS causes nerve damage resulting in muscle weakness, tingling sensation and paralysis due to nerve injury. (1) It can be comparable to Sarvangavata, according to Ayurveda. The fatty myelin coating that surrounds the nerve cells protects them. The neurological system requires an insulating layer to operate properly, which is created as a result. It can also be compared to medogata vata. Since myelin contains about 40% water, the dry mass is made up of 60% to 75% lipid and 15% to 25% protein. (2) Ayurveda offers Panchakarma therapy to lessen the sickness by easing the symptoms of GBS. A 55-year-old male patient was unable to sit, stand or walk due to abrupt onset of weakness in both lower limbs. The patient was also covid 19 positive, one month before the onset of these symptoms. For the same patient has been hospitalised and underwent proper covid management. Eventually complaints of weakness in the lower limbs and GBS led the patient to seek additional medical attention and receive IV Ig injections. After receiving immunoglobulin therapy there was no expected recovery. Hence the patient has been admitted to our hospital as in patient for further management

Non-invasive strategies for stimulating endogenous repair and regenerative mechanisms in the damaged heart

The adult myocardium, including human, harbours a population of resident multi-potent cardiac stem cells (CSCs), which when stimulated under the right conditions can give rise to new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern CSC biology and their role in myocardial regeneration will allow the design and development of optimal therapeutic interventions. It is now evident that different growth factors and cytokines govern CSC survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as playing a role in activating cardiac repair mechanisms such as improving angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte survival and limiting fibrosis. This review article will summarize the evidence for a role of VEGF, NRG-1, IGF-1, HGF, EGF, FGF and TGF-β1 in modulating the repair and regeneration of cardiac tissue. It will also discuss the use of exosomes and exercise training as interventions to stimulate the endogenous repair and regenerative mechanisms in the damaged heart

Effect of Packaging Material on Moisture Migration and Textural Attributes of Bread During Storage

Bread as a commodity is included in the special inventory of Defence Forces, particularly as a morning or evening snack item. The present investigation pertains to the studies on the effect of various packaging materials, e.g. metalized polyester (MP-99.8 µm), low-density polyethylene with lower thickness (LDPE-1-78.33 µm), multi-layer flexible pouches (MLFP-106.2 µm), low-density polyethylene with higher thickness (LDPE-2-125.12 µm), and paper foil polyethylene (PFP-124.6 µm) on textural attributes of bread. Textural properties were significantly influenced by the change in moisture content which was clearly shifted from crumb to crust to the extent varying from -25.89% to +24.90% in LDPE-2; -29.11% to +29.77% in MP; -22.22% to +21.11%; in MLFP; -19.46% to +19.67% in PFP; -20.42% to +20.55% in LDPE-1 at the end of its expected shelf-life i.e. five days. Though overall bread moisture content was not much affected in PFP and MP, the marked difference was primarily observed in the case of bread packed in LDPE-2, LDPE-1, and MLFP. This difference may be attributed to the thickness and permeable properties of the packaging material used for the study. The hardness and resilience of samples depicted opposite trends, respectively, during their storage. The current study gives insight into physicochemical changes occurring in the bread system when  variety commonly practiced packaging materials is used and a perspective strategy for its extended life during varied field conditions.

Lipohypertrophy due to HAART: a case series

A subset of HIV-1 infected patients undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) develops a lipodystrophy syndrome. It is characterised by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (face, limbs and buttocks) visceral fat accumulation and lipomatosis especially in dorsocervical area. In addition these patients show metabolic alteration implicative of metabolic syndrome particularly dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. These alterations lead to enhanced cardiovascular risk and favour the development of diabetes in such patients. A complex combination of HIV infection, drug treatment related events and lipotoxicity appears to contribute to the development of lipodystrophy syndrome. Active lipolysis in subcutaneous fat combined with impaired storage capacity in subcutaneous depot leads to ectopic deposition of lipids either in visceral or in non-adipose sites. Lipotoxicity, a pathogenic factor in the lipodystrophy syndrome should be considered in the strategies for treating and /or preventing the morphological alterations and systemic metabolic disturbances associated with lipodystrophy

A case series of cefixime induced Steven’s Johnson Syndrome

Drug induced adverse reactions are a major health problem. Drug hyper sensitivity reactions manifest themselves in many diseases, of which some are very severe. The most common allergic reactions occur in the skin. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is mainly caused by drugs (antimicrobials e.g.: penicillin’s, sulphonamides and cephalosporin’s e.g.: cefixime, antiepileptic’s, NSAIDS), infections and also by other risk factors not yet identified. The most common allergic reactions occur in the skin. These reactions ranging from simple pruritic eruptions to potentially life threatening events are a significant cause of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality. Identification of the cause, withdrawal of the trigger and supportive management is crucial to improve the patient state. Despite of all therapeutic efforts, mortality is high and increases with disease severity, patient’s age and underlying medical conditions. Survivors may suffer from long-term squeal such as strictures of mucous membranes including severe eye problems